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1.
连作大豆根分泌物对根腐病病原菌的化感作用   总被引:46,自引:6,他引:46  
采用砂培,水培和室内培养等试验方法研究了连作大豆根分泌物对根腐病病原菌的化感作用。结果表明,与对照相比,连作和轮作大豆根分泌物对半镰孢菌,粉红粘帚功和尖镰孢菌尤其是对半裸镰孢菌的生长有明显的化感促进作用,差异达显著或极显著水平,低浓度时,连作大豆根分泌物对半裸镰孢菌和粉红粘帚菌生长的化感促进作用明显大于轮作大豆,差异达显著水平,同一茬口,高浓度根分泌物半裸镰孢菌生长的化感促进作用小于低浓度,而且在连作大豆中差异达显著水平。与对照相比,高浓度的邻苯二甲酸和丙二酸(L5和B5)对半裸镰孢菌,粉红粘帚菌和尖镰孢菌尤其是对半裸镰孢菌的生长有化感抑制作用,差异达显著或极显著水平,而低浓诬的邻苯二甲酸和丙二酸对半裸镰孢菌,粉红粘帚菌和尖镰孢菌的生长有化感促进,部分差异达显著水平。  相似文献   

2.
连作大豆植株化感作用的模拟研究   总被引:60,自引:10,他引:60  
使用组培技术在无菌条件下研究了大豆根系分泌物和大豆组织水浸液对大豆苗的化感作用。结果表明,大豆根系分泌物和大豆组织水浸液对“下茬”大豆苗的生长和某些生理活性均有显着影响。这种影响与大豆苗生长激素代谢紊乱有关。从根系分泌物和植株水浸液中均分离出了已知酚酸类化感物质香草酸、香草醛和对羟基苯甲酸。这类物质的影响对大豆连作障碍有直接关系.  相似文献   

3.
香草醛对杉木幼苗养分吸收的影响   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
 通过模拟实验研究了不同浓度的香草醛对杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)幼苗养分吸收和根系活力的影响,结果发现,当浓度为1 mmol·L-1时,香草醛能够显著抑制杉木幼苗对NO-3、NH+4、SO24-及HPO24-离子的吸收和根系活力(p<0.01),而浓度为1×10-2 mmol·L-1时香草醛却促进了杉木幼苗对HPO24-离子的吸收(p<0.01)。这说明高浓度的香草醛能够通过化感作用对杉木幼苗产生影响,降低杉木幼苗的根系活力,进而减少了杉木幼苗对养分离子的吸收,从而影响了杉木幼苗的生长。  相似文献   

4.
连作对大豆根部土壤微生物的影响研究   总被引:46,自引:0,他引:46  
研究了正茬与连作大豆根际及非根际土壤微生物区系的变化。结果表明,细菌总数占绝对优势,连作低于正茬。放线菌数量总体变化幅度不大,真菌数量有显著变化,连作明显高于正茬。连作使土壤pH、含水率和微生物主要生理类群数量明显下降,土壤肥力降低。无论细菌、放线菌和真菌,正茬及连作大豆根际微生物数量明显高于非根际。  相似文献   

5.
以12年生龙井43茶树为研究对象,在7月至翌年1月利用土钻法对连续5a施用不同氮肥处理后的茶树吸收根生物量和养分含量进行了研究。结果表明茶树吸收根生物量在0.34-0.72 mg/dm3之间,碳、氮、磷、钾和镁储量变异范围分别为12.6-25.2 mg/dm~3、4.55-11.2 mg/dm~3、0.47-1.19 mg/dm~3、1.31-4.05 mg/dm~3、0.30-1.19 mg/dm~3。茶树吸收根生物量和各养分含量随月份变化呈现双峰型,峰值分别在8月和翌年1月,而7月和11月生物量和养分储量均较低。与不施肥对照相比,施用氮肥影响茶树吸收根生物量,氮肥施用对茶树吸收根生物量的影响因氮肥施用时间而异。不同氮肥施用水平下茶树吸收根总碳浓度和总碳含量均不存在显著差异。受氮肥施用时间影响,施氮对茶树吸收根氮浓度的影响不同月份间存在差异,其中7月、8月和1月施氮处理下氮浓度较高,而9月、10月和11月不施氮处理下氮浓度较高。氮肥施用对各月份茶树吸收根氮养分储量均没有显著影响。氮肥施用降低了部分月份茶树吸收根磷、钾和镁的浓度和储量。施用中等用量的氮肥能缩小茶树吸收根夏秋季氮磷钾镁养分储量的月份间差异。  相似文献   

6.
大豆连作对土体和根际微生物群落功能的影响   总被引:60,自引:3,他引:60       下载免费PDF全文
李春格  李晓鸣  王敬国 《生态学报》2006,26(4):1144-1150
试验采用Biolog方法在大田试验条件下研究了不同连作年限大豆在结荚期和收获期根际和土体微生物群落功能多样性的变化.试验结果表明,在结荚期和收获期根际微生物群落功能多样性、均匀度指数和AWCD均显著高于土体.在结荚期迎茬和连作8a的土体微生物多样性、AWCD均高于正茬和连作4a土体;在收获期正茬和迎茬处理的土体微生物多样性、AWCD高于连作4a和8a.结荚期迎茬、连作4a和8a处理的根际微生物群落AWCD均显著高于收获期,说明在大豆植株生长旺盛的结荚期微生物群落的根际效应比收获期更明显.在这两个生长期降解氨基酸,糖类和羧酸类碳源的微生物可能是连作影响的主要土体微生物类群.  相似文献   

7.
草莓连作土壤酚酸类物质积累对土壤线虫的影响   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过大田试验和盆栽试验相结合的方式,对不同连作年限草莓土壤酚酸类物质含量、土壤线虫数量和食细菌线虫数量以及外源酚酸类物质对土壤线虫数量和食细菌线虫数量的影响进行了研究。结果表明:随连作年限的增加,草莓连作土壤中酚酸类物质含量明显增加,土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫总数整体呈现下降趋势,且连作5年的土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量最低,酚酸类物质含量与土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量呈负相关;对羟基苯甲酸和对香豆酸在浓度低于200μg·g-1时使土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量增加,而高于200μg·g-1时起抑制作用;肉桂酸在浓度低于100μg·g-1时增加了土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量,而高于100μg·g-1时起抑制作用;随阿魏酸浓度的增加,线虫数量变化规律不明显,当其浓度高于100μg·g-1时起抑制作用;混合酚酸随浓度增加对土壤线虫总数和食细菌线虫数量的抑制作用增强。  相似文献   

8.
研究了南方红壤区不同连作年限花生土壤中酚酸物质的种类、含量,及其对花生生长的影响。结果表明:连作花生土壤中对羟基苯甲酸、香草酸和香豆酸随着连作年限的增加而增加,连作10a后3种酚酸总量达11.09mg·kg-1干土,显著高于连作3a和6a的土壤;而土壤中香豆素和苯甲酸含量比较低,且变化没有规律。所有酚酸处理组对花生幼苗的株高和根长表现出抑制作用,对花生幼苗地下部的干鲜重均表现出\"低促高抑\"的特点。香草酸和香豆酸处理组对花生幼苗地上部的干鲜重表现出\"低促高抑\"的特点,其他处理组均表现出抑制作用。花生幼苗根系活力随着酚酸处理浓度的增加而降低,花生幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶活力(SOD)、过氧化物酶活力(POD)、丙二醛含量(MDA)则随着酚酸浓度的增加而增加。与只用茄腐镰刀菌孢子悬液浸泡花生种子的对照相比,加入酚酸后,花生种子的病原菌的感染率随着酚酸浓度的增加而增加,发芽率则随着酚酸浓度的增加而下降。以上结果说明,酚酸物质可以抑制花生幼苗的生长和提高花生的发病率,可能是因为酚酸物质破坏花生细胞膜的完整性而使病原菌入侵,影响花生生长,产生连作障碍。  相似文献   

9.
通过田间试验研究了种植方式(玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米-大豆套作)和施氮水平(0、180、240 N kg·hm-2)对玉米和大豆产量、养分吸收及氮肥利用的影响.结果表明:与单作相比,玉米-大豆套作体系中玉米籽粒产量、地上部植株N、P、K吸收量及收获指数略有降低,而大豆籽粒产量、地上部植株N、P、K吸收量及收获指数显著提高.玉米-大豆套作系统的套作优势随施氮量的增加而降低,与当地农民常规施氮量(240 kg·hm-2)相比,减量施氮(180kg·hm-2)处理下玉米和大豆产量、经济系数,以及N、P、K吸收量和收获指数、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率显著提高,土壤氮贡献率降低;与不施氮相比,减量施氮降低了玉米带土壤的全N、全P含量,提高了大豆带土壤的全N、全P、全K含量和玉米带土壤的全K含量.减量施氮水平下,玉米-大豆套作系统的周年籽粒总产量、地上部植株N、P、K总吸收量均高于玉米和大豆单作,土地当量比(LER)达2.28;玉米-大豆套作系统的氮肥吸收利用率比玉米单作高20.2%,比大豆单作低30.5%,土壤氮贡献率比玉米和大豆单作分别低20.0%和8.8%.玉米-大豆套作减量一体化施肥有利于提高系统周年作物产量和氮肥利用率.  相似文献   

10.
草炭和风化煤对水稻根系活力和养分吸收的影响   总被引:35,自引:3,他引:35  
采用盆载试验法,研究了草炭和风化煤对水稻根系的α-萘胺氧化力和养分吸收的影响,结果表明,草炭和风化煤的施入,改善了盐碱土的养分供应状况,在水稻的各生育时期均不同程度地提高根系活力,增加了水稻的产量,促进了水稻对N、P2O5、K2O、CaO和MgO等养分的吸收;草炭对水稻的增产效果要好于相同数量的风化煤。  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this research was to characterise the degree of dominance of a soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) allele for incompatibility which interacts with a recessive soybean (Glycine max) allele for incompatibility to prevent the formation of cysts. Crosses of inbred nematode populations were made and the F, and F, populations evaluated for the numbers of cysts they could produce on several soybean lines. The nematode gene for avirulence interacts with the one recessive gene for resistance in soybean line PI 88287 and also appears to be recessive. This is the first example of a recessive-recessive gene-for-gene interaction; genes for avirulence and resistance are usually dominant. The difficulties of doing definitive genetic studies with cyst nematodes are discussed.  相似文献   

12.
    
Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill (Fabaceae), is an introduced crop to America and initially benefited from a small number of pests threatening its production. Since its rapid expansion in production beginning in the 1930s, several pests have been introduced from the native range of soybean. Our knowledge of how these pests interact and the implications for management is limited. We examined how three common economic soybean pests, the nematode Heterodera glycines Ichinohe (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), the fungus Cadophora gregata Harrington & McNew (Incertae sedis), and the aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), interact on soybean cyst nematode‐susceptible (SCN‐S) and soybean cyst nematode‐resistant cultivars carrying the PI 88788 resistance source (SCN‐R). From 2008 to 2010, six soybean cultivars were infested with either a single pest or all three pests in combination in a micro‐plot field experiment. Pest performance was measured in a ‘single pest’ treatment and compared with pest performance in the ‘multiple pest’ treatment, allowing us to measure the impact of SCN resistance and the presence of other soybean pests on each pest’s performance. Performance of H. glycines (80% reduction in reproduction) and A. glycines (19.8% reduction in plant exposure) was reduced on SCN‐R cultivars. Regardless of cultivar, the presence of multiple pests significantly decreased the performance of A. glycines, but significantly increased H. glycines performance. The presence of multiple pests decreased the performance of C. gregata on SCN‐S soybean cultivars (20.6% reduction in disease rating).  相似文献   

13.
    
Nitrogen (N) supply can limit the yields of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in highly productive environments. To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this limitation, seasonal changes in N dynamics, aboveground dry matter (ADM) accumulation, leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed radiation (fAPAR) were compared in crops relying only on biological N2 fixation and available soil N (zero-N treatment) versus crops receiving N fertilizer (full-N treatment). Experiments were conducted in seven high-yield environments without water limitation, where crops received optimal management. In the zero-N treatment, biological N2 fixation was not sufficient to meet the N demand of the growing crop from early in the season up to beginning of seed filling. As a result, crop LAI, growth, N accumulation, radiation-use efficiency and fAPAR were consistently higher in the full-N than in the zero-N treatment, leading to improved seed set and yield. Similarly, plants in the full-N treatment had heavier seeds with higher N concentration because of greater N mobilization from vegetative organs to seeds. Future yield gains in high-yield soybean production systems will require an increase in biological N2 fixation, greater supply of N from soil or fertilizer, or alleviation of the trade-off between these two sources of N in order to meet the plant demand.  相似文献   

14.
本文对不同进化类型大豆种子超氧物歧化酶(SOD)进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)供试三种进化类型大豆种子的 SOD 同工酶酶谱一致,均为7条,其中一条为 Ma-SOD,其余6条为 Cu-Zn-SOD。(2)SOD 活性表现为:野生类型明显高于中间类型,中间类型明显高于栽培类型。(3)随着大豆籽粒百粒重的增大,种胚的 SOD 活性降低。(4)种皮颜色由黑到黄,种皮的 SOD 活性降低。讨论了大豆种子 SOD 活性与 Sofa 亚属内大豆进化的关系。  相似文献   

15.
盐磷耦合胁迫下大豆的生长和钠、磷离子长距离运输   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以2个耐盐性和磷效率有差异的大豆品种为材料,采用水培方法,探讨盐分与缺磷耦合胁迫对大豆生长和钠、磷离子长距离运输影响的结果表明:(1)盐分和低磷胁迫对大豆生长有交互作用,磷浓度相对较高(2MMOL·L-1)时大豆耐盐性降低;(2)钠由木质部的向顶部运输增加,钠在韧皮部的再分配增多;(3)盐胁迫下磷在木质部的运输能力提高,韧皮部中磷的再分配受影响不大;(4)磷盐互作对大豆生长的影响在品种之间无差异。  相似文献   

16.
大豆种质资源SRAP分子标记中的引物筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以113个大豆栽培品种和20个野生品种为材料,从288对引物组合中筛选出12对多态性丰富、条带清晰、可重复性好的SRAP引物组合。用筛选出的12对引物组合对大豆品种进行PCR扩增,获得了带型丰富和清晰可辨的DNA的PAGE指纹图谱;共扩增出251条谱带,其中多态性条带220条,多态性谱带比率为87.6%,平均每个引物扩增出18.3条谱带。结果显示,所筛选出的12对引物组合可以有效的应用于大豆种质资源的SRAP分析。  相似文献   

17.
利用高效液相色谱法和实时定量PCR方法,分别测定了2个异黄酮含量显著差异的大豆品种鲁黑豆2号(LHD2)和南汇早黑豆(NHZ)在子粒发育过程中的异黄酮含量变化以及异黄酮合成相关酶基因的表达模式变化,试图分析异黄酮积累与各基因表达量变化的相关关系。结果表明在大豆子粒发育过程中,异黄酮含量逐渐升高,而不同异黄酮合成相关酶基因的表达趋势不同,CHS7、CHS8、CHR、CHI1A和IFS2的表达趋势与异黄酮积累模式基本一致,而IFS1和CHI1B1的表达趋势与异黄酮积累模式相反。IFR的表达模式在2个大豆品种中存在相反的趋势,在LHD2中与异黄酮组分积累趋势相反,而在NHZ中与异黄酮组分积累趋势相同。结果还表明,同一基因家族中不同基因在子粒发育过程中的表达量也存在差异。查尔酮合酶基因家族中CHS7和CHS8以及查尔酮异构酶基因家族的CHI1A的表达水平相对其他成员较高,异黄酮合酶基因家族中IFS2的表达量显著高于IFS1的表达量,预示这些基因家族在大豆子粒异黄酮积累过程中存在功能分化。此外,各基因表达模式与异黄酮积累的相关分析结果表明,不同基因表达模式与异黄酮积累的相关性在2个品种中也不尽相同。LHD2中CHS7、CHS8和IFS2在子粒发育过程中的表达量变化与不同异黄酮组分呈显著正相关,CHI1B1基因的表达量变化与不同异黄酮组分呈显著负相关。而在NHZ中,IFR在子粒发育过程中的表达量变化与多个异黄酮组分呈显著正相关。这预示了不同大豆品种异黄酮含量差异的潜在遗传基础。各异黄酮合成相关酶基因表达量变化的相关分析表明,在2个品种中,苯丙氨酸水解酶PAL1与4CL,4CL与CHS2以及CHS1与IFS2基因的表达量均呈现显著正相关。表明这些基因可能通过协同作用共同调控异黄酮的合成与积累。这些结果为今后利用基因工程提高大豆异黄酮含量奠定了基础。  相似文献   

18.
    
The SOD isoenzymes of different soybeans were studied in this experiment and the results showed that: 1. there were 7 SOD isoenzyme bands in all soybean genotypes used in this experiment, 2. the SOD activity (unit/g fr. wt.) in different soybean seeds decreased as the evolutionary process advanced, 3 the SOD activity decreased as the wt./100 seeds increased, and the color of seed coat changed from black to yellow. The relationship between SOD activity and the evolutionary process was discussed.  相似文献   

19.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Two field experiments with different soybean (Glycine max L.) materials were conducted to investigate the interactions between phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) as related to the genetic attributes of root morphological and nodular traits. In experiment one, 13 cultivated soybean varieties were grown in a field with relatively low soil P and N availability. P application with 160 kg P/hm2 as triple superphosphate produced a significant simultaneous increase in the content of both P and N in shoot, demonstrating positive P and N interactions. The addition of P also increased root dry weight, root nodule number, nodule mass, nodule size, and nodulation index, but decreased root length and root surface area, indicating that P may affect N nutrition in soybean through a number of root morphological and nodular traits. Interestingly,like P content, N content appeared to be more correlated with root morphological traits (root weight, root length, and root surface area) than with root nodular traits (nodule number, nodule size, nodule mass, and nodulation index) at both P levels, implying that N taken up by the roots may contribute more to the plant N status than biological N2 fixation under the present experimental conditions. In experiment two, 57 soybean lines of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between a cultivated variety and a wild genotype were grown on another field site with moderately sufficient P and N levels to further characterize the genetic attributes of root morphological and nodular traits and their relationships with P and N interactions. The results indicated that all morphological and nodular traits measured continually segregated in the RIL population with a normal distribution of the phenotypic values, indicating that these traits are possibly controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Genetic analysis revealed that all these root traits had relatively low heritabilities (h2b=74.12, 70.65, 73.76, 56.34, 52.59, and 52.24 for root weight, root length,root surface area, nodule number, nodule mass, and nodule size, respectively), suggesting that root morphology and nodule formation are influenced greatly by environmental factors. Correlation analysis of the RILs showed that shoot N content was significantly correlated with P content, confirming positive P×N interactions. Similar to experiment one, shoot N content was only significantly correlated with root morpho logical traits, but not with root nodular traits, again denoting the fact that the N status in soybean could be attributed more to N uptake from the soil than to biological N2 fixation under the present experimental conditions.  相似文献   

20.
在生长房5种(暗处、可见光、低、中、高强度紫外线-B)处理下,研究了8个大豆品种的种子萌发率和萌发后幼苗的生长状况。结果表明,暗处种子萌发率高于自然光和UV-B辐射的种子。UV-B辐射增强对大豆种子的萌发率没有显著影响,仅使部分品种的最大萌发率降低和导致部分品种达到最大萌发率的时间延长。幼苗的生长对增强的UV-B辐射非常敏感。使大部分品种的胚根变短增粗,这可能是植物激素作用的结果。大豆的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量明显受到UV-B辐射的抑制。UV-B作用能促进类黄酮在幼苗中的积累,紫外吸收色素的增设有利于提高对UV-B的抵抗力。UV-B辐射的这种效应及大豆品种间的差异在自然情况下会产生深远的生物学和生态学意义  相似文献   

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