PCR技术在鼠肺支原体检测中应用的初步研究

目的　探讨PCR技术在鼠肺支原体检测中的应用,希望能建立一种可行、快速、敏感的检测方法。方法　使用支原体通用引物及鼠肺支原体特异性引物对14 份大鼠喉气管拭子洗液和拭子支原体培养液进行PCR扩增,2 % 琼脂糖电泳鉴定。另设M53 和ATCC19612 二株标准鼠肺支原体菌株作阳性对照。结果　通用引物对大鼠喉气管拭子洗液检出率8/14 ,拭子支原体培养液检出率14/14,鼠肺支原体特异引物PCR扩增对大鼠喉气管拭子洗液检出率0/14 ,拭子支原体培养液3/14。通用引物扩增M53 和ATCC19612 二株标准株均呈现阳性,而鼠肺支原体特异引物扩增M53 和ATCC19612,只有M53 呈现阳性。结论　PCR通用引物检测比普通分离培养省时省力,而我们采用国外某学者认为对鼠肺支原体有特异性的引物,是否可用于鼠肺支原体的特异性PCR 检查仍需进一步探讨。     

抗HIV-1 gp160独特型阳性抗体的序列分析及表达

为了确定从噬菌体抗体文库中筛选出的抗体的属性和方便目的基因的表达及其产物的纯化,对两株具有“１Ｆ７”独特型的抗ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１６０抗体基因进行了序列分析并构建了可溶性表达载体．发现３Ｂ株含有完整的Ｆａｂ段,１Ｄ株只有重链Ｆｄ段．序列测定表明两株克隆的Ｆｄ段基因完全相同,其可变区ＶＨ属于ＶＨⅠ亚群,而３Ｂ株的“轻链”序列与已知的人的κ和λ轻链无同源性．用从另外的Ｆａｂ抗体文库中筛选出来的３株抗乙肝表面抗原抗体的轻链与３Ｂ的重链重组,并选择一个ＨＩＶ－１ｇｐ１６０特异性较好的重组抗体株,命名为３Ｂｓ．构建了１Ｄ株与３Ｂｓ株的可溶性表达载体,免疫印迹实验证实了具有“１Ｆ７”独特型的抗ｇｐ１６０独特型阳性抗体的表达．     

兰州地区实验动物肺支原体感染调查和分离鉴定

目的了解兰州地区啮齿类实验动物的肺支原体感染情况和感染菌株.方法用分离培养法对兰州地区640只啮齿类实验动物肺支原体的感染情况分春夏秋冬进行调查,并对分离株进行克隆纯化,从形态学,生化特性和血清学方面进行鉴定.结果肺支原体在普通级小鼠中的感染率为23%,普通级豚鼠、地鼠、大鼠和清洁级小鼠未发现有感染,且感染率与季节无明显相关性.分离株经鉴定均为支原体科支原体属肺支原体.     

伤寒─鼠伤寒重组株Vi4072在小鼠中定居及血清学效果观察试验

以伤寒─鼠伤寒双价重组株Ｖｉ４０７２的３×１０８ＣＦＵ一次口服感染ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,４天后即可从小鼠的集合淋巴结、肝、脾中分离到该菌,４９天后该菌始被小鼠机体彻底清除。血清和小肠匀浆液中Ｖｉ抗体检测结果证明Ｖｉ４０７２菌株有刺激特异性免疫应答的功能。血清、小肠匀浆液中Ｖｉ抗体明显升高。     

肺炎支原体感染鼠P1特异抗原的动态检测

通过实验动物模型探讨肺炎支原体感染动物肺泡灌洗液中特异抗原检出率的动态变化,为肺炎支原体感染的临床诊断提供理论依据。小鼠经鼻自然感染肺炎支原体,分别采集感染后不同时间点小鼠的支气管灌洗液,应用量子点标记肺炎支原体P1蛋白抗体,直接免疫荧光法检测感染鼠肺泡灌洗液中肺炎支原体P1特异抗原,同时通过PCR检测肺组织肺炎支原体DNA及肺组织病理切片观察肺部炎性变化确定小鼠感染。结果显示,感染鼠肺炎支原体特异抗原在感染后第3天检出阳性率为75%,第7天达高峰为83%,之后随病程延长,抗原检测的阳性率逐渐下降,在感染后第14、21天检出阳性率分别为58%和25%。肺炎支原体特异抗原在感染早期检出率高。应用量子点标记肺炎支原体P1蛋白抗体,直接免疫荧光法检测肺炎支原体特异抗原可应用于肺炎支原体感染的早期诊断。     

伤寒─鼠伤寒重组株Vi4072在小鼠中定居及血清学效果观察试验

以伤寒─鼠伤寒双价重组株Ｖｉ４０７２的３×１０８ＣＦＵ一次口服感染ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠,４天后即可从小鼠的集合淋巴结、肝、脾中分离到该菌,４９天后该菌始被小鼠机体彻底清除。血清和小肠匀浆液中Ｖｉ抗体检测结果证明Ｖｉ４０７２菌株有刺激特异性免疫应答的功能。血清、小肠匀浆液中Ｖｉ抗体明显升高。     

玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体和免疫酶技术研究

采用蛋白质连接技术合成玉米赤霉烯酮抗原,免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ鼠,通过淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术建立六株分泌抗玉米赤霉烯酮的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定细胞上清抗体效价为１：２０８４（４Ｈ８）、１：２５６（６Ｈ９、４Ｈ３、２Ｈ５、２Ｃ８）１：１６（３Ｆ１０）;腹水抗体效价为１０＾９（４Ｈ３、４Ｈ８）、１０＾８（２Ｈ５）、１０＾７（６Ｈ９）、１０＾５（３Ｈ１０）。竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定六     

抗丙肝病毒核心抗原单克隆抗体的研制与初步鉴定

用基因工程重组技术获得的丙肝病毒（ＨＣＶ）核心蛋白抗原与鼠血清白蛋白交联后免疫Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠,用杂交瘤技术成功地建立了４株稳定分泌抗核心抗原单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,试验结果表明,该４株ＭｃＡｂｓ与免疫抗原及核心区Ｃ３３肽、ＣＰ９、ＣＰ１０抗原有较强的抗原－抗体反应,与ＨＣＶ ＮＳ３、ＮＳ４、ＮＳ５无反应,在竞争ＥＬＩＳＡ中,对ＨＣＶ－ＩｇＧ阳性血清有较好的抑制作用。４株ＭｃＡｂｓ中３株为ＩｇＧ２     

BALB/C乳鼠作为流行性出血热动物实验模型的初步研究

用EHF病毒76/118株、陈株、H_(8278)株、,A_(54)株经脑内注射BALB/C小鼠,乳鼠均能发生感染,并引起规律性发病,表现为耸毛、个体瘦小、动作迟缓、后肢麻痹僵直,直至死亡。在乳鼠脑、肺、肝等脏器内均可检出病毒抗原,并可分离出病毒,传3代的乳鼠脑悬液经VeroE—6细胞滴定,病毒滴度有明显增高,说明Balb/C乳鼠对EHF病毒是敏感的,可作为EHF的实验动物模型。幼鼠和成鼠虽然也能感染EHF,但在脑、肺、肝等脏器中均查不出病毒抗原,而抗体水平却很高,最高可达1∶1280。     

一步法PCR检测大鼠肺支原体核酸的研究

一步法体外扩增结合Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交检测Ｍ５３鼠肺支原体标准株,设计一对特异寡核苷酸引物及探针,合成、纯化、建立了特异、敏感、快速的检测手段。扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,结果显示鼠肺支原体Ｍ５３株基因组ＤＮＡ７１０ｂｐ特异谱带。对５０只ＳＤ大鼠进行检测,结果ＰＣＲ方法检出率高于分离培养法,扩增产物行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ杂交验证,采用碱性磷酸酶标记寡核苷酸探针,可与膜上特异靶ＤＮＡ序列杂交,而阴性对照无杂交信号。特异性实验检出１０ｐｇ的ＤＮＡ。充分说明一步法ＰＣＲ,具有高度、特异、灵敏、快速等优势,适应与大、小鼠监测中应用。     

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology and Relative Genome Size in Mycoplasma

The deoxyribonucleic acid homologies of Mycoplasma laidlawii type A and type B, M. pulmonis (#47 and #63), and M. hominis were determined by membrane methodology. The homology data revealed a difference in genome size between M. laidlawii type A and type B. This difference also held with stringent conditions of annealing (high temperature). Little or negligible homology was shown to exist between the M. laidlawii strains type A and type B and M. pulmonis strains 47 and 63 and M. hominis. M. hominis showed less than 10% homology to the M. pulmonis and M. laidlawii strains. Neither of the M. laidlawii strains showed more than 2% annealing to the M. pulmonis strains. Reaction rate studies are suggested as a means of demonstrating the phylogenetic relationship between the Mycoplasma and other microorganisms.     

A DNA probe for specific detection of Mycoplasma pulmonis

Mycoplasma pulmonis was specifically detected by using a 2.3 kilobase pair (kbp) cloned DNA fragment derived from M. pulmonis m 53 as a probe. This probe recognized 2.3-kbp DNA fragments of three M. pulmonis strains in Southern hybridization, while it did not hybridize with the DNA of M. arthritidis or M. neurolyticum. Determination of the sensitivity of the probe by dot hybridization revealed that 10 ng of M. pulmonis DNA was detected by a biotinylated probe and 1 ng of M. pulmonis DNA was detected by a radioactive probe.     

The reactivity of antigens of Mycoplasma pulmonis derived from mice and rats to naturally infected rat sera

The reactivity of antigens of 4 mouse and 3 rat derived Mycoplasma pulmonis strains to 20 naturally infected rat sera was studied. The optical density values of the same serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using the 7 strains as the antigen revealed no marked difference among the strains. M. pulmonis antigens recognized by the antibodies were analyzed by the Western immunoblot method. The antigens with molecular weights of 92 K, 66 K, and 58 K were recognized in the 7 strains at a high frequency.     

Characterization of Mycoplasma pulmonis Variants Isolated from Rabbits I. Identification and Properties of Isolates

Mycoplasma showing at least two colony types were isolated from the nares and oropharynx of New Zealand white rabbits. Two strains were purified by single-colony passages and characterized. Morphology by phase-contrast and electron microscopy was typical of Mycoplasmataceae. Both grew anaerobically as well as aerobically, caused hemolysis of guinea pig, sheep, and horse red blood cells, and fermented glucose. These characteristics are shared by members of the species M. pulmonis, commonly isolated from the respiratory tracts of laboratory rats and mice. By use of the growth-inhibition test and agar-gel double-diffusion tests, the two strains were found to be serologically related to each other and to M. pulmonis ATCC 14267 but not to other representative Mycoplasma species from man and animals.     

Characterizion of Mycoplasma pulmonis variants isolated from rabbits. II. Basis for differentiation of antigenic subtypes

The antigen composition of Mycoplasma pulmonis variants was studied by complement-fixation, agar-gel diffusion, and growth-inhibition tests. Two classes of complement-fixing antigens were demonstrated for M. pulmonis strains 47 and 63: (i) cross-related, heat-labile, water-soluble antigens, and (ii) high-titered, subtype-specific, heat-stable, water-soluble antigens. Lipid antigens prepared by organic solvent fractionation were low-titered antigens and showed little specificity. With the aid of agar-gel double-diffusion plates, the subtype-specific antigens were found to be precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and to be stable to periodate, but they were inactivated by pronase. Pronase-stable, periodate-labile precipitating antigens were observed as common components between the two variants. Antisera prepared with boiled antigens were found to be serologically active on gel diffusion but lacked neutralizing ability in growth-inhibition tests. Each of three strains of M. pulmonis (47, 63, ATCC 14267) could be identified as a variant because each strain possessed immunologically distinct heat-stable subtype-specific antigen(s).     

抗猪鼻支原体单克隆抗体的研制及双抗体夹心ELISA检测法的建立

目的 制备多种抗猪鼻支原体的单克隆抗体,建立双抗体夹心ELISA方法用于该病原体的检测。方法用猪鼻支原体CVCC361免疫BALB／c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术和酶联免疫吸附实验筛选出抗该病原体的单克隆抗体;运用免疫双向扩散试验、Western blotting确定I异G亚类及针对抗原的相对分子质量;筛选出配对抗体,建立双抗体夹心ELISA的检测方法,并评价其灵敏度和特异性。结果共筛选出17株单克隆抗体,抗体亚类分别为IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3,免疫印迹结果表明单抗ZB1、ZB2及ZB16与相对分子质量为35×103的抗原有特异性结合,而ZB3和ZBIO与相对分子质量为70×10^3的抗原有特异性结合。确定了2个配对抗体（ZB1-ZB1-HRP和ZB1-ZB2-HRP）,可检出最小抗原量为30ns／mL,检出猪鼻支原体活菌8．34×10^2CFU／mL,与人呼吸道常见的致病菌及支原体均无非特异性反应。结论筛选的单克隆抗体具有较高的特异性和敏感性,应用双抗体夹心ELISA方法可用于猪鼻支原体的检测。     

Distribution of ecto 5'-nucleotidase on Mycoplasma species associated with arthritis

The enzyme ecto 5'-nucleotidase (5'N) was found to be active on 8/14 strains of Mycoplasma fermentans, K(m) (+/-S.D.) 3.8+/-2.8 microM 5'-AMP, and on the type strain of Mycoplasma pulmonis, K(m) 0.63 microM 5'-AMP. The six M. fermentans strains lacking 5'N activity were related by restriction fragment length polymorphism typing. At pH 8.5, the type strains of Mycoplasma arthritidis, Mycoplasma buccale and Ureaplasma urealyticum showed a relatively non-specific phosphatase activity against 5'-AMP but no activity was shown by the type strains of Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma orale, Mycoplasma penetrans, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium at this pH. M. fermentans has been reported from rheumatoid joints, which show a raised 5'N activity on their synovial cells and in their fluid which may be associated directly or indirectly with the mycoplasma.     

Experimental Arthritis in Mice with Mycoplasma pulmonis

A Mycoplasma pulmonis strain, recovered from the arthritic joints of mice employed in the serial passage of a chemically induced tumor, was found to be arthritogenic for mice under experimental conditions. Some joint involvement occurred in all mice challenged intravenously with this strain, and M. pulmonis was recovered frequently from the enlarged joints. The arthritis was migratory, appearing first in the radiocarpal joints and later in the tibiotarsal joints. There was little evidence of a generalized mycoplasmal infection as a consequence of the experimental challenge. Histopathologically, the early stages of the infection in the joints was characterized by an inflammatory response in the synovium and periarticular tissues. Exudate in the joint space contained about equal numbers of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. The polyarthritis resolved slowly, but some residual joint enlargement was noted for as long as 4 months. Two other M. pulmonis strains were also observed to be arthritogenic for mice. Rats were not susceptible to M. pulmonis challenge. Characteristics of the nonsuppurative M. pulmonis arthritis in mice were compared to M. arthritidis joint infections in rats.     

Variation in the virulence of strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis related to susceptibility to killing by macrophages in vivo.

The virulence of five strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis, as judged by their ability to survive in the respiratory tract and induce pneumonia in CBA mice, was related to the ability of viable organisms to persist in the peritoneal cavity. This appeared to be the result of differences in the ability of the strains to resist killing by peritoneal macrophages in vivo. It is suggested that resistance to phagocytosis by macrophages is an important determinant of virulence for M. pulmonis.     

Differential identification of mycoplasma pulmonis and M. arthritidis using PCR-based RFLP.

Mycoplasma pulmonis and Mycoplasma arthritidis were differentially identified using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). A genus-specific sequence of mycoplasma was amplified by PCR and the PCR products were digested with the restriction enzyme SmaI. Each PCR product from the four isolates of M. pulmonis was digested with SmaI into two fragments; however, there was no digestion in the PCR product from M. arthritidis. This method might be useful to differentiate infection of M. pulmonis from that of M. arthritidis.