VASCULAR SUPPLY AND STRUCTURE OF THE OVULE AND ARIL IN PEONY AND OF THE ARIL IN NUTMEG

Camp , Wendell H., and Mary M. Hubbard . (U. Connecticut, Storrs.) Vascular supply and structure of the ovule and aril in peony and of the aril in nutmeg. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(2): 174–178. Illus. 1963.—Examination of the placental region in the carpel of Paeonia indicates a complexity and super-abundance of vascular supply beyond that usually found in angiosperms and certainly more than is necessary for adequate nutrition and water supply of the ovules. From this it is concluded that the ovules once were borne on a larger and more complex structure than the present carpel. Vascular strands leading to the aril and the hypostase are interpreted as being relictual. The large multifid aril of Myristica has a well-developed vascular system composed of several sizes of branched bundles.     

国人眶外侧壁的孔和沟的观察

本文对236例(472侧)中国成人颅骨的脑膜中动脉眶支沟、脑膜中动脉眶支孔和眶外侧沟进行了观察。主要结果如下:脑膜中动脉眶支孔的出现率为55.9％;眶外侧沟的出现率为17.6％,其中双侧出现的有24例,占10.2％。     

鲢、鳙在东湖生态系统的氮、磷循环中的作用

我们研究了鲢、鳙在停食状况下氮、磷的排泄量及在有鱼及无鱼的水环境中鱼类及微囊藻的氮、磷释放率。结合有关参数进行换算,从量的方面评价了鲢、鳙在东湖生态系统物质循环中所起作用:①鲢、鳙摄食过程加速了水体氮、磷释放进程(有鱼水体氮、磷释放率分别为无鱼水体的1.88和1.41倍),但其释放量(粪便的氮、磷释放量分别为水体氮、磷总含量的11.45％和3.4％)不足以左右东湖水体初级生产量的变动;②鲢、鳙摄食过程一方面提高了对初级生产量的利用率,而另一方面却通过鱼体积贮从水体中移出大量氮(52.20吨)、磷(11.36吨),分别占水体浮游物总氮、磷的3.01％和5.28％;③鲢、鳙大量摄食浮游动物,降低了被摄食种群的密度,缩短被摄食种群生物量周转期(1982年被摄食种群的生产量为1981年的1.05倍,鲢、鳙放养量为1981年的7倍;这两年鱼摄食量分别占其被摄食种群产量的31.73％及0.63％,被摄食种群的ρ/B系数分别为67.92及48.01);这样水体中浮游动物产量的相对稳定,也就促使浮游植物产量相对平衡。     

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL MAMMALIAN PANCREAS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

The origin, morphogenesis, and biochemical differentiation of the dorsal and ventral pancreas of the rat embryo have been investigated in order to ascertain the similarities and dissimilarities between the two lobes. We have utilized a culture system in which the primitive gut gives rise to a number of differentiated organs, including the dorsal and ventral pancreas. The two pancreases do not undergo fusion in these cultures, thus allowing independent analyses of the two lobes for comparison with in vivo results. The dorsal pancreas first appeared at the 23–25 somite stage while the ventral pancreas appeared approximately 12 hr later at the 29–30 somite stage. Guts from embryos as young as 12 somites were capable of developing both pancreases in vitro. In spite of the 12 hr difference between the times of their appearance, the dorsal and ventral pancreases exhibited identical patterns of morphological and biochemical differentiation. The two lobes contained the same exocrine enzymes and hormones, at similar levels, differing only in their glucagon content, the dorsal pancreas possessing a fivefold higher glucagon specific activity. The implications of these results are discussed.     

有关刺丝胞动物分类和古生代珊瑚起源及其亲缘关系研究的最新进展

国际最新研究表明,刺丝胞动物门包括水螅,钵水母和珊瑚3个纲,古生代的床板珊瑚和皱纹珊瑚以及中,新生代的石珊瑚是珊瑚纲中最主要的3个月,分别出现于早奥陶世,中奥陶世和中三叠世,它们在地层的划分,对比和古地理环境的解释方面都起着非常重要的作用,寒武纪发现的所谓“珊瑚”化石,大部分不是珊瑚,而应归属于藻类,海绵和苔藓虫,只有其中的一部分可能是珊瑚或刺丝胞,但它们并不属于真正的皱纹珊瑚或床板珊瑚,皱纹珊瑚不是起源于寒武纪的这些所谓的“珊瑚化石”,而可能是起源于一种具有骨骼的单体海葵,奥陶纪和二叠纪都曾先后出现类似于石珊瑚的化石,但它们并不是中三叠世石珊瑚直接的祖先,石珊瑚也不是起源于皱纹珊瑚而可能是起源于一种或多种带骨骼的海葵,古生代的珊瑚化石是研究生物灭绝,复苏事件最理想的生物门类之一,奥陶纪末的O／S和晚泥盆地的F／F这两次灭绝事件使许多珊瑚分类单元惨遭浩劫,而二叠纪末的P／T灭绝事件则使全部古生代的皱纹珊瑚和床板珊瑚消亡。