炭角菌科部分类群的生物地理学研究(英文)

与肉质真菌相比,大多数炭角菌科真菌的子实体结构和质地使其在自然环境中保持长久,不易腐变,这有利于记录该科采集物的分布信息,基于过去长达25年对该科的深厚工作积累,使我们有可能对其进行地理分布的研究。     

Lanzia berggrenii及其相关种的系统发育地位(英文)

系统发育分析结果表明,尽管Lanzia berggrenii能在寄主中形成基物子座,但与膜盘菌属的核心种关系较近,而与蜡盘菌科成员关系较远,应该归属于膜盘菌属。在广义的膜盘菌属的系统树中该种及在新西兰发现的4个新种构成一个单系群,分别命名为Hymenoscyphus haasticus,H. kiko,H.ohakune和H.waikaia。它们的共同特征:基物均为南青冈叶片,侧丝顶端分枝形成类似囊层被的结构,覆盖于子实层上部。Lanzia berggrenii var.metrosideri应为膜盘菌属中一个独立的种,即Hymenoscyphus metrosideri。     

晶圆盘菌属的中国新记录种(英文)

晶圆盘菌属Hyalorbilia是圆盘菌科Orbiliaceae成员,目前中国已报道8个种,报道了3个中国新记录种,其中两个建议为新组合。     

西班牙桉树林下土小平盘菌复合群中两个独立的种——暗柔膜菌属一新组合及一新种:分类、分子生物学、生态与分布(英文)

土小平盘菌复合群原产澳大利亚,其中两个土生种在西班牙报道,很可能是在18世纪中叶引入西班牙。根据形态学特征和序列分析的结果,建立一个新组合和一个新种,分别定名为Phaeohelotium undulatum comb.nov.和Phaeoh.succineoguttulatum sp.nov.。对其宏观和微观形态特征进行了详尽的描述和图示,ITS rDNA序列分析的结果显示,它们以100%的支持率与Phaeohelotium monticola聚类在同一个分支。文中提供了该复合群Phaeohelotium属5个土生种的分种检索表,并对它们的生态习性与世界分布进行了深入讨论。     

中国热带地区的半知菌Ⅰ.云南尾孢菌属及其近似属的种(英文)

本文报道云南热带地区尾孢菌属及其近似属真菌４５种,其中有一个新种：番木瓜短胖孢（ＣｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒｉｄｉｕｍｐａｐａｙａｅＹ．Ｌ．Ｇｕｏ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,寄生在番木瓜科（Ｃａｒｉｃａｃｅａｅ）番木瓜（ＣａｒｉｃａｐａｐａｙａＬ．）叶上。短胖孢属真菌在番木瓜科植物上是首次报道。文中为新种提供了拉丁文简介、描述并附图。模式标本保藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室（ＨＭＡＳ）。寄生在番木瓜（ＣａｒｉｃａｐａｐａｙａＬ．）上的ＣｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｍａｍａｏｎｉｓＶｉｅｇａｓ＆Ｃｈｕｐｐ与本种近似,二者都具有子座,分生孢子梗紧密簇生,但前者分生孢子梗（５～２５×２～３μｍ）和分生孢子（１０～４５×２～３μｍ）均短而窄。番木瓜尾孢（ＣｅｒｃｏｓｐｏｒａｐａｐａｙａｅＨａｎｓｆ．）与本种的区别在于无子座,分生孢子梗色泽深（中度褐色）,分生孢子梗长（５０～２００×３．５～６μｍ）,分生孢子无色,针形,窄（２０～７５×３～５μｍ）。     

中国粪生子囊真菌Ⅰ:中国新记录属异接柄孢属和新记录种盘孢锥毛壳(英文)

报道了中国粪生真菌的1个新记录属——异接柄孢属和1个新记录种——盘孢锥毛壳。在观察所采集标本的基础上,概述了异接柄孢属的特征,并描述了美丽异接柄孢和盘孢锥毛壳的形态特征。文中还讨论了所采集的标本与模式标本原始描述的差别。     

从长白山森林土壤中分离的茎点霉属(Phoma)真菌新记录种(英文)

长白山自然保护区是目前整个欧亚大陆生态系统保存较完整的森林生态系统之一,自然环境复杂多变,该保护区蕴藏着极其丰富的动物、植物及微生物资源。本研究从长白山自然保护区北坡森林土壤中分离获得1株茎点霉属(Phoma)真菌,经形态观察鉴定为淡黄茎点霉(P.flavescens),为我国首次报道。     

从长白山土壤中分离的3种弯颈霉属真菌(英文)

采用土壤稀释平板法从采自长白山自然保护区北坡森林的土壤样品中分离纯化出较多的弯颈霉属(Tolypocladium)真菌菌株,经形态观察鉴定出3个种,即雪白弯颈霉(T.niveum)、柱孢弯颈霉(T.cylindrospo-rum)及地生弯颈霉(T.geodes),其中(T.cylindrosporum)和(T.geodes)为中国新记录种。统计分析结果表明这3种真菌为喜冷真菌,表现出具有海拔分布特点。     

野生苋属植物籽实中新型α淀粉酶抑制剂的分离纯化及其性质研究(英文)

从野生苋属植物 (Amaranthuspaniculatus)籽实中分离纯化出α淀粉酶的一种新型蛋白质类抑制剂 .该抑制剂被命名为WAI 1 .MALDI TOF质谱测得其分子量为 986 5 ,是目前报道的α 淀粉酶的蛋白质类抑制剂中分子量最小的 .初步的组成和结构分析结果表明 ,WAI 1由 9个氨基酸残基组成 ,其N端为焦谷氨酸 .直接用RP HPLC纯化后 ,WAI 1能在弱酸性条件下 ,以非竞争性抑制作用方式有效抑制美洲蜚蠊消化道α淀粉酶的活性 ,最适抑制pH 6 0 ,但对人唾液淀粉酶活性无影响 .WAI 1在 37℃下与酶预温浴约 30min后显示最大抑制活性 .当α淀粉酶用量一定时 ,α淀粉酶活性的抑制率在约 5 0 %的范围内随抑制剂 酶比例的增大而呈线性增加 ,超过 5 0 %后 ,抑制率随抑制剂 酶比例的增大而缓慢上升 ,最终达到最大值 (约 6 5 % ) .     

从药用植物根际土壤中分离出的2个中国新记录种(英文)

在进行黑龙江省药用植物根际土壤真菌多样性的研究中,分离获得了2个中国新记录种:蕨枝顶孢[Acremonium pteridii(J.C.Frankland)W.Gams]和穴形节皮菌的金孢属无性型[Chrysosporium anamorph ofArthro-derma cuniculi(Dawson)C.A.N.van Oorschot]。蕨枝顶孢的主要形态特征为分生孢子梗单生或二次及三次分支,具有1~3个隔膜,顶端着生单个分生孢子;分生孢子以假头状着生,卵形或者近圆形,内含1个油球。穴形节皮菌的金孢属无性型主要形态特征为短的侧分支与可育菌丝呈直角伸出,分生孢子具柄,生于短的突起上或者直立的侧分支上;分生孢子卵形或棍棒形,顶端钝圆,基部平截,大多数单胞,极少数为由2~3个细胞组成。文中对它们进行了详细的形态特征描述,标本保存于大连民族学院菌种保藏中心。     

Lectotypification of the Bertoloni's names in the genus Senecio L. (Asteraceae)

Original material of the four Senecio taxa described by A. Bertoloni has been examined, and the typification of their names is discussed. A specimen from the Monti Herbarium (kept in BOLO) and iconographies from Bonanni and Bertoloni are designated as lectotypes, whereas another specimen from the Monti Herbarium is selected as neotype. The nomenclature of the names Senecio erucifolius L., Senecio tenuifolius Jacq., Senecio delphinifolius Vahl and Senecio rupestris Waldst. & Kit. is also analysed. The names S. crinitus Bertol. and S. laciniatus Bertol. belong to S. delphinifolius [now Jacobaea delphinifolia (Vahl) Pelser & Veldkamp] and S. rupestris [now Senecio squalidus subsp. rupestris (Waldst. & Kit.) Greuter], respectively, whereas S. erraticus Bertol. and S. praealtus Bertol. are accepted as separate taxa as Jacobaea erratica (Bertol.) Fourr. and Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. praealta (Bertol.) Greuter & B.Nord., respectively.     

New species and new records of the fern genus Terpsichore (Polypodiopsida: Polypodiaceae) from Bolivia

We describe five new species, report a new record for the genus Terpsichore, and provide a key to the Bolivian species.     

炭角菌属真菌化学成分与生物活性研究进展

炭角菌属真菌广泛分布于温带、热带和亚热带地区,主要含有萜类、生物碱、甾醇和聚酮等次级代谢产物,具有抗氧化、抑菌和抗肿瘤等药理活性。本文综述了近10年来国内外有关炭角菌属真菌的研究情况,对其次级代谢产物进行了归纳,总结了相关代谢产物的抗氧化、抑菌和抗肿瘤等生物活性。     

Typification of the Boissier names in Anthriscus Pers. (Apiaceae)

Boissier described several taxa in Anthriscus , summarized in his Flora orientalis account. The names include A. lamprocarpa, A. kotschyi, A. ruprechtii, A. tenerrima, A. t. var. leiocarpa, A. anatolica, A. macrocarpa, A. nemorosa var. mollis, A. n. var. glabra; the hst four are still recognized as separate species. These names are typified in this paper, based on the material in Boissier herbarium at G.     

The genus Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) in south-west Europe and North Afkica

A multivariate morphometric study of the genus Pyrus in south-west Europe and North Africa shows that five species may be recognized in the area: P. bourgaeana Decne., P. communis L., P. cordata Dew., P. spinosa Forssk, and P. nivalis Jacq. Some valuable characters for identification of these species are proposed. In particular the width of fruit peduncle, petal size, leaf width and petiole length served to discriminate the taxa. Several names such as P. gharbiona Trab., P. cossonii Rehder (|M= P. longipes Balansa ex Coss. & Durieu) and P. boisseriana Buhse, are regarded as synonyms of P. cordata , while P. marnormis Trab. of P. bourgaeana. Consequently a check-list and a key to these species are provided.     

Molecular evidence of a teleomorph-anamorph connection between Cordyceps scarabaeicola and Beauveria sungii and its implication for the systematics of Cordyceps sensu stricto

A teleomorph of Beauveria sungii S.A. Rehner & Humber is identified as Cordyceps scarabaeicola Y. Kobayasi based on the teleomorphic material of the B. sungii isolate used in the recent phylogenetic study. Cordyceps Fr. 1818 is an older generic name than Beauveria Vuill. 1912 in Cordyceps sensu stricto. Here, C. scarabaeicola is suggested to be adopted for B. sungii on the priority basis of both generic name and species epithet in compliance with the recent revision of Article 59 of the Melbourne Code (recently changed to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plant’ or ICN). The pros and cons of a unified nomenclature for pleomorphic fungi are briefly discussed with reference to Beauveria.     

Anzygina, a new genus for some Australasian microleafhopper species formerly placed in the genus Zygina Fieber (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini)

Species of Erythroneurini (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) currently placed in the genus Zygina and found in Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands are transferred to the new genus Anzygina , type species Erythroneura sidnica Kirkaldy, following comparison with the type species of the genus: Typhlocyba nivea Mulsant and Rey. New combinations are Anzygina sidnica (Kirkaldy), Anzygina honiloa (Kirkaldy), Anzygina melanogaster (Kirkaldy) and Anzygina sativae (Evans) from Australia, Anzygina toetoe (Cumber), Anzygina agni (Knight), Anzygina dumbletoni (Ghauri) and Anzygina ramsayi (Knight) from New Zealand, Anzygina zealandica (Myers) from Australia and New Zealand, Anzygina jowettae (Knight) from Norfolk Island and Anzygina medioborealis (Ghauri) from Papua New Guinea. Lectotypes are designated for Erythroneura honiloa Kirkaldy and E. sidnica Kirkaldy. Anzygina billi sp.n. is described from SE Qld, and Anzygina barrattae sp.n. is described from the South Island of New Zealand. A. agni is a new record for Australia and is presumed to be Australian in origin. A. dumbletoni has a distribution which suggests that it also is introduced to New Zealand although its origins are not known. A. ramsayi, A. barrattae and A. toetoe , all of which appear to be New Zealand endemics, show affinity with each other based on aedeagal structure. A key to these species, based on males, is provided. The lack of male syntypes for Erythroneura honiala Kirkaldy and Erythroneura lubra Kirkaldy precludes establishment of their identities relative to other species of the genus, and both names are regarded as having nomen dubium status. Australian species not transferred to Anzygina are Zygina evansi (Ross) and Zygina ipoloa (Kirkaldy), both of which belong elsewhere.