南京地区酸模属药用植物的显微鉴别研究

目的：为羊蹄或土大黄类药材的显微鉴别提供依据。方法：对南京地区的5种酸模属药用植物羊蹄Rumex japonicus Houtt．、网果酸模Rumex chalepensis Mill．、长刺酸模Rumex trisetifer Stokes、齿果酸模Rumex dentatus L．和酸模Rumex acetosa L．的根和叶横切面的组织结构特征进行了研究和描述,并采用数码显微成像技术记录显微图像。结果：对5种酸模的根和叶的显微特征进行了详细的记录和比较,数码显微图像真实、直观地反映了根和叶的组织构造特征。结论：5种酸模属植物根和叶横切面的组织结构虽然比较相似,但也具有明显的差异,可用于5种植物的鉴别.     

柴胡不同部位显微特征研究

目的:对柴胡不同部位的显微构造进行研究,为柴胡正本清源提供依据。方法:采用显微制片方法,对柴胡植物各部位进行显微观察及显微描述。结果:阐明了柴胡根、茎、叶、果实的组织横切面显微特征。结论:该研究结果可作为正品柴胡原植物和药材鉴别依据。     

栽培与野生天仙藤显微和理化鉴别

本文对栽培与野生天仙藤茎和叶横切面、粉末显微特征以及马兜铃酸A和尿囊素薄层层析图谱进行了鉴别研究,结果表明二者基本一致。     

野生蒲公英与栽培蒲公英的比较研究

在本实验通过显微鉴别 (切片、粉未 )、理化鉴别及薄层层析等方法对野生蒲公英和载培蒲公英进行比较研究 ,结果野生蒲公英和栽培蒲公英在组织结构上有明显区别 ,但在化学成份上没有区别 ,因此可以用载培蒲公英替代野生蒲公英以扩大药源     

六角莲的解剖学研究

对六角莲的根,根茎,叶以及根和根茎的粉未进行了显微观察,为六角莲的鉴别提供了依据,此外,还对六角莲的理化鉴别进行了研究。     

南丹金线兰的植物形态和显微鉴定

采用生药学显微鉴定方法研究南丹金线兰(Anoectochilus nandanensis)的原植物形态、组织构造及粉末显微特征。南丹金线兰叶片呈卵形或卵状披针形,具金红色叶脉,花不倒置;唇瓣白色,呈Y字形,前部明显扩大并2裂,裂片狭长圆形,中部收狭,其两侧呈向下的细齿状或角片状,两侧白色细齿各4～5条。显微结构中,根、茎横切面中皮层明显,具草酸钙针晶、粘液细胞等;叶横切面上表皮细胞形状为乳突状突起。粉末中可见草酸钙针晶和导管。这些特征可为南丹金线兰的生药鉴别和资源开发利用提供参考依据。     

猫尾射的生药鉴别

猫尾射是闽台民间传统的膳用中草药。本文对猫尾射的植物形态、生药性状、显微特征(包括根横切面、粉末装片)进行系统观察和理化鉴别,为其生药鉴定提供参考。     

霍山石斛与河南石斛生药学特征比较研究

在植物分类学方法鉴定的基础上,对霍山石斛及其主要伪品河南石斛药材的性状特征,根、茎、叶横切面显微特征,粉末显微特征和粉末中细胞内含物进行了研究,明确了霍山石斛药用部位的性状特征及显微特征,为霍山石斛药材和饮片的真伪鉴别提供参考依据,为该药材的进一步研究、开发、利用及质量标准的构建提供理论依据。     

国产巴西人参的生药学

为了进一步开发国内引种栽培的巴西人参药材,通过对巴西人参的原植物形态、药材性状、粉末显微鉴别及薄层层析等进行分析研究,发现该药材的原植物形态特征基本稳定、根横切面结构除三生维管束构造异常外其余特征稳定,粉末鉴别草酸钙砂晶特征明显,药材与对照药材及β-蜕皮甾酮对照品在相应位置均有相同颜色斑点显现。实验结果稳定,可作为巴西人参生药学鉴别的重要依据。     

大花棘豆的性状与显微特征研究

采用性状及显微鉴别方法对大花棘豆[Oxytropis grandiflora(Pall.)DC.]进行性状特征、组织结构和粉末特征的分析,为大花棘豆提供科学准确的性状和显微鉴别特征。大花棘豆干燥全草的性状特征为：绿色或黄绿色,基生叶矩圆状,单数羽状复叶;蝶形花冠,红紫色或蓝紫色;长圆状卵形或长圆形的果;气微,味微苦、涩。显微特征为：叶轴横切面的维管束为外韧型,20～24个,大小间隔排列成环;叶为等面叶,上表皮栅栏组织通过主脉,下表皮由厚角组织替代;主脉维管束为外韧型,类圆形;粉末中可见类圆形的花粉粒、成束的纤维、单细胞的非腺毛、具缘纹孔导管、不定式气孔。本研究首次明确了大花棘豆全草的性状和显微特征,为该品种的鉴别和棘豆属资源的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

蓝狐消化道内分泌细胞的免疫组化研究

蓝狐又名北极狐(Alopex lagopus),属于食肉目(Carnivora),犬科(Canidae),北极狐属(Alopex).     

不同种源山桐子果实脂肪酸组成变异分析

以采自11个种源的山桐子为材料,测定其果实脂肪酸的组成及其变异情况,结果表明：山桐子果实中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,尤以亚油酸含量最高,11个种源的平均值为63．58％,且种源间差异显著,分宜、宜昌种源亚油酸相对含量明显高于其他9个种源;饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,11个种源山桐子果实棕榈酸差异显著,且以平武种源最高;其余脂肪酸含量均较低,变异幅度较大;种子中棕榈酸和棕榈烯酸含量明显高于果肉,而亚油酸、亚麻酸及硬脂酸含量明显低于果肉,油酸含量相近：果实不饱和脂肪酸含量依次为果肉〉全果〉种子,且变异系数及相对极差均较小,尤以果肉中最小;除硬脂酸外,山桐子果实中其他4种主要脂肪酸组分受海拔等地理环境的影响均较小。     

陆地棉组织培养中再生植株的形态解剖学研究

在显微和超微水平不同层次上对陆地棉(Gossypium hisutum L.)再生植株中正常苗和玻璃苗叶及根端的形态结构进行了观察比较。结果表明:试管玻璃苗叶表面凹凸不平,气孔下陷,萎缩变形,表皮细胞形态不规则,排列不整齐,叶表面蜡质分布不均匀,其数量也较少;叶肉无明显的栅栏组织分化,细胞中叶绿体含量少、形态小,结构异常。超微结构显示,大部分叶肉细胞中叶绿体基粒片层分布少而含较多的基质片层,其它细胞器如线粒体、高尔基体、内质网等含量少或缺。叶脉维管组织发育不良,导管分子数目少,木质化程度低,根尖短而细,生长点仅由少数具分生能力的细胞组成,根冠细胞大,但数量少。正常苗形态结构基本类似于实生苗。     

多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌患者的诊断价值

目的:研究多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择2013年3月至2015年9月在我院确诊的肺结核合并肺癌患者32例和单纯肺结核患者39例应用多层螺旋CT扫描患者肺部病变情况。结果:肺结核合并肺癌组:陈旧性肺结核28例、活动性肺结核4例;病灶位置经典部位29例、非经典部位3例,合并鳞癌11例、腺癌13例、小细胞癌5例、未分化癌3例;10例结核病灶与肺癌病灶不同侧、13例结核病灶与肺癌病灶同侧不同叶、9例结核病灶于肺癌病灶同侧同叶。单纯性肺结核组胨旧性肺结核36例、活动性肺结核3例;病灶位置经典部位34例(上叶尖段11例、后段9例、下叶背段14例)、非经典部位5例。肺结核合并肺癌组患者分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、阻塞性肺炎及肺不张以及棘状突起比例高于单纯肺结核组,而空泡影比例低于单纯肺结核组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组钙化、斑片条索影、结节影以及空洞或空腔比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:多层螺旋CT对肺结核合并肺癌具有较高的临床鉴别诊断价值。     

动情周期中大鼠子宫和输卵管壁肥大细胞数量变化的研究

用放射免疫分析法对动情周期中大鼠血清雌二醇浓度进行检测;取子宫、输卵管常规石蜡切片、H－E染色,并用甲苯胺蓝染色显示肥大细胞,于光镜低倍视野下计数。结果显示：动物血清雌二醇浓度依次为：动情期（E）组＞动情前期（PE）组＞动情后期（ME）组＞动情间(DE)且,各组间差异均有显性;在子宫,肥大细胞分布于宫壁肌怪平滑肌束间的结缔组织内、近小血管处,以微血管周居多,常见单个散在,于ME子宫内膜尚偶见肥大细胞;输卵管肥大细胞局限于其外膜层内、近小血管周围,亦多散在。子宫、输卵管壁内的肥大细胞镜下呈圆形、椭圆形或略不规则形,胞浆内充满紫红色粗大颗粒,子宫肥大细胞数量依次为：ME＞DE＞PE＞E,各组间差异有生（DE与PE、PE与E,P＜0.05,余组间P＜0.01）;输卵管壁内肥大细胞数量各组间差异无显性（P＞0.05）。本尚对大鼠血清雌二醇水平波动与子宫、输卵管壁内肥大细胞数量变化的关系及其生理意义进行了讨论。     

鸭儿芹根、茎、叶挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸气蒸溜法提取其根、茎、叶中的挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪对其化学成分进行分析,以归一化法计算各个化学成分的相对含量.鸭儿芹根挥发油中共分离出11个峰,鉴定出11种化合物,占总离子峰的98.61％,主要成分为α-芹子烯、γ-芹子烯等;茎中共分离出25个峰,鉴定出25种化合物,占总离子峰的100.00％,主要成分为...     

A Brief History of the Changing Occupations and Demographics of Coleopterists from the 18th Through the 20th Century

Systematic entomology flourished as a branch of Natural History from the 1750s to the end of the nineteenth century. During this interval, the “era of Heroic Entomology,” the majority of workers in the field were dedicated amateurs. This article traces the demographic and occupational shifts in entomology through this 150-year interval and into the early twentieth century. The survey is based on entomologists who studied beetles (Coleoptera), and who named sufficient numbers of species to have their own names abbreviated by subsequent taxonomists. In the eighteenth century, 27 entomologists achieved this level of prominence, of whom 37% were academics, 19% were doctors, 11% had private incomes, 19% were clergymen, and 8% were government officials. Many of those with private incomes were members of the European aristocracy, and all but one were European men. The nineteenth century list included 192 entomologists, of whom 17% were academics, 16% were museum curators, 2% were school teachers, 15% were doctors, 6% were military men, 7% were merchants, 2% were government entomologists, 6% had private incomes, 5% were clergymen, 5% were government officials, and 4% were lawyers. The demographics of entomology shifted dramatically in the nineteenth century. Whereas many of the noteworthy entomologists of the eighteenth century were German, Swedish, or French, in the nineteenth century, many more European countries are represented, and almost one-fifth of the noteworthy entomologists were from the United States. The nineteenth century list, like the eighteenth century list, contains no women. By the twentieth century, 63% of 178 noteworthy systematic entomologists were paid professionals, teaching entomology courses in universities, or studying insect taxonomy in museums and government-sponsored laboratories. Only one person on the twentieth century list had a private income, but women (ten individuals) were included on the list for the first time.     

Mutation at the am locus of Neurospora crassa

Forty-eight new mutations at the am locus of Neurospora crassa have been characterized. Nineteen mutations were induced by UV; of these, eight were missense, two were frameshifts, two were nonsense, three were deletions and four were unidentified. Twenty-nine mutations were induced with nitrous acid; of these, twenty-one were missense, three were frameshifts, one was nonsense, two were deletions and one was genetically unstable.     

微囊化新生大鼠卵巢组织体外及异体移植

为探讨海藻酸钠-聚左赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(APA)微囊化新生大鼠卵巢组织用于治疗实验性卵巢功能丧失大鼠的可行性,应用高压静电法,用海藻酸钠-聚左赖氨酸-海藻酸钠(APA)生物膜包裹新生大鼠卵巢组织,体外培养微囊,用免疫化学分析法检测雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)分泌情况,透射电镜观察卵巢组织形态,并将微囊移植到去势大鼠(切除双侧卵巢的雌性大鼠)腹腔中,检测大鼠血清中雌、孕激素变化情况,同时用阴道涂片观察大鼠动情周期恢复情况,并在不同时间回收观察微囊。结果显示在相同条件下制得的微囊粒径均匀、表面光滑;体外培养条件下持续分泌E2、P;卵巢组织中颗粒细胞发育成为粒性黄体细胞;大鼠腹腔移植微囊后无异常,E2、P水平上升,动情周期未恢复;回收的微囊大部分形态完整。提示用高压静电法制备的APA微囊化新生大鼠卵巢组织能持续稳定释放E2、P,明显改善大鼠卵巢功能,在大鼠体内有良好的生物相容性。     

Specificity of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in removing carbohydrates by fermentation

The specificity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast on the removal of carbohydrates by fermentation was studied. The common monosaccharides, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, and D-galactose were completely removed; D-glucuronic acid and D-ribose were partially removed; but D-xylose, D-rhamnose, and L-sorbose were not removed and were completely resistant. Of four glycosides, methyl and phenyl alpha- and beta-D-glucopyranosides, three of the four were partially removed and methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside was not removed. The disaccharides, maltose, sucrose, and turanose were completely removed, while cellobiose, lactose, and melibiose were completely resistant. Isomaltose and alpha,alpha-trehalose were partially removed. Maltotriose and raffinose were partially removed, but isomaltotriose and melezitose were completely resistant. The tetrasaccharides, maltotetraose, isomaltotetraose, and acarbose, were completely resistant. Further, the yeast enzymes did not alter any of the resistant carbohydrates by transglycosylation or condensation reactions or by any other types of reactions.