丙型肝炎病毒蛋白的分子生物学研究进展

丙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis C virus,HCV)是造成慢性肝炎,肝硬化及肝癌的重要原因之一。目前全球发现约有1亿7千万人口感染HCV。HCV的急性感染通常是没有症状的,但50％～80％的病人会转变成为慢性感染患者,而且大约20％的患者会在20年内转变成为肝硬化。一旦确诊为肝硬化,     

HCV全长NS3基因表达及在抗体检测中的应用

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是引起非甲非乙型肝炎的主要病原因子.被HCV感染的病例中,超过50%以上会引起持续性感染、慢性肝炎,最终可能引起肝硬化和肝细胞癌[1].HCV严重威胁人类健康,但目前对丙肝患者尚缺乏有效的治疗手段,因此,严格把好血源关,提高对丙肝患者检出的灵敏度,是阻止丙肝血源传播的有效手段.     

四环素诱导的丙型肝炎病毒非结构蛋白5B稳定细胞株的构建和检测

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染个体后在宿主细胞内长时间保持低水平复制,与慢性肝炎、肝硬化及肝细胞肝癌的发生密切相关.目前,HCV感染后肝细胞发生转化的具体机制还不清楚.非结构蛋白5B(NS5B)是HCV编码的非结构蛋白之一,具有RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶活性(RdRp),是病毒复制所需的关键酶.除参与病毒复制外,NS5B通过...     

丙型肝炎病毒蛋白作用于细胞信号转导途径的研究进展

细胞信号转导异常往往与人类疾病的发生、发展密切相关。一些病毒致病和感染机制即为病毒抗原蛋白作用宿主细胞信号转导途径,导致宿主细胞内信号转导发生紊乱。丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）是引发慢性丙型肝炎,导致肝硬化和肝细胞癌发生的主要病原体,但目前HCV的致病机制与宿主内持续感染机制尚不清楚。HCV致病机制可能与HCV表达的蛋白质干扰宿主细胞信号转导途径而导致异常的细胞信号转导有关。研究HCV蛋白对宿主细胞信号转导途径的影响不仅有助于阐明其致病机制,还能为新药设计和寻找新的治疗方法提供新思路和新靶点。本文主要综述了近年来国内外有关HCV蛋白作用细胞信号转导途径的研究进展。     

HCV治疗的新方法:RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶抑制剂

丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus,HCV）感染呈世界流行趋势,50%感染者转变为慢性肝炎,部分发展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌,给人类健康带来了极大危害.目前,没有疫苗研制成功,现有的HCV治疗药物普遍存在局限性,或者有一些药物没有发挥应有的作用.因此,开发新型、安全有效的抗HCV药物成为迫在眉睫的问题.NS5B蛋白是HCV复制的核心物质,具有RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶（RdRp）功能.研发有效的NS5B抑制剂,从而阻断病毒的复制,成为许多科研机构及制药公司的研究热点,有一些NS5B抑制剂已进入临床实验阶段.     

JCI：预测丙型肝炎病毒复发的标志物

在世界各地,百万计人感染了丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）,HCV可导致肝硬化和肝癌症。直接作用的抗病毒剂能抑制病毒蛋白,并已成功地用于治疗HCV。不幸的是,抗病毒治疗在一些患者中失败,导致丙型肝炎病毒复发。     

027 巨细胞病毒对丙型肝炎病毒致病机制的影响

大多数丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者常呈慢性过程乃至肝功能衰竭，故近年来HCV感染所致肝硬化也成为肝移植(LT)的适应证。然而，在LT病人中HCV病毒血症率和肝炎复发率分别高达95％和……     

HCV NS5A蛋白结构及生物学功能的研究进展

丙型肝炎是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染引起的,是导致肝硬化和肝癌的主要病因。HCV感染已成为严重危害人类健康的社会公共卫生问题。HCV非结构蛋白5A是近年来HCV抑制剂研究的重要靶点及热点,本文对NS5A的三个结构域以及各个结构域在丙肝病毒复制、病毒颗粒组装及释放方面的生物学功能的研究进展进行了综述,为NS5A抑制剂作用机制的研究提供了广泛的思路,有利于对NS5A抑制剂的研制。     

血液透析患者与丙型肝炎的诊断及治疗特征

血液透析（Hemodialysis,HD）患者是丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染的易感人群,HCV可发展成慢性肝炎,最后引起肝硬化,严重者可称为肝癌,严重影响HD患者的生活质量和生存率,因此HCV是血液透析患者发病和致死的一个重要病因,我们旨对HD患者感染HCV的流行病学特征、实验窒诊断方法、治疗措施等进行综述。     

丙型肝炎感染导致的肝硬化向肝细胞癌进展的分子机制

几乎所有的原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)患者都患有肝硬化。肝硬化常阻碍对HCC的有效治疗。本文从遗传学和表观遗传学的角度总结了近年来有关肝硬化分子机制及进展为肝癌的研究进展。约70%的肝癌患者有乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)和/或丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus, HCV)感染。鉴于HCV感染缺乏疫苗预防,在我国发病率逐年提高,本文将重点阐述与HCV相关的HCC。某些基因和表观遗传因子如microRNAs在肝硬化及进展为肝癌中发挥作用,并且HCV编码的蛋白质似乎参与了肝癌的发生。因此,有必要对免疫检查点和激酶抑制剂的分子靶点等进行进一步的研究,阐明肝硬化进展为肝癌相关的机制。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.