广义锦葵科火绳树属4个种的枝条木材解剖及其分类学意义

研究了广义锦葵科火绳树属4个种枝条的木材解剖。火绳树属枝条为散孔至半环孔材,管孔主要为单管孔和2～3个管孔组成的径列复管孔;导管间纹孔式和射线导管间纹孔式互列、小;侵填体和螺纹加厚缺如。射线主要为单列射线,2～3列射线较多;射线细胞多为方形,射线组织主要为异型,边缘直立细胞常1行;射线组织稀为同型;鞘细胞和瓦形细胞缺如。轴向薄壁组织傍管和离管型,主要为带状。晶体丰富,主要在射线、纤维和薄壁组织中。研究的4个种可以通过枝条木材解剖特征加以区分。     

四合木属四合木(蒺藜科)的木材解剖学研究

在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察了蒺藜科四合木属四合木(Tetraena mongolica Maim.)木材结构.其导管分子直径小,管壁厚,分布密度高,分子短,端壁几乎水平,具单穿孔;管间纹孔为对列或互列的具缘纹孔;韧性纤维短、壁厚、壁上有较少的单纹孔;同型单列射线、分布密度高;轴向薄壁组织散生或傍导管生.这些表明四合木的木材解剖特征是与干旱环境条件是相适应的.     

中国木兰科香木莲和合果含笑木材解剖的初步研究

本文对中国木兰科的香木莲(Mangliaia aromatica Dandy)和合果含笑[Parami-chelia baillonii(Piene)]及其与邻近属的木材解剖特征进行了初步的研究。香木莲导管无螺纹加厚,无油脂细胞,无傍管薄壁组织,轴向木薄壁组织仅宽2—3列细胞,单列木射线多而高,多列射线主要为 Kribs 异形Ⅱ_A 型等特征都落入木莲属导管无螺纹,多列射线异形Ⅱ_A 型,无油细胞,轴向木薄壁组织2—6列等特征的幅度之内。合果含笑的单列木射线稀少至无,导管有螺纹加厚,有油细胞等特征。     

8种木本旱生植物的木质部解剖学特性研究

从生态学角度对8种旱生植物木材的次生木质部结构进行了对比研究.结果表明,8树种次生木质部结构的共同特点为:生长轮分界明显(霸王和四合木的年轮有时不连续),半环孔材,单穿孔,导管壁间纹孔互列,木纤维无横隔膜,联合傍管轴向薄壁组织丰富,导管壁上呈现螺纹加厚,都具有异型射线;它们主要差异在于射线和导管的数量化指标:四合木异型射线1~2列,霸王、白刺、沙冬青和胡枝子射线2~5列,柽柳、柠条和花棒大型射线4~10列;导管分子长度和纤维长度在树种间和同一树种个体间差异较明显.四合木和沙冬青导管频率较大,导管管孔较小,因此Vulnerability和Mesomorphy值也较小,更能适应干旱环境.     

余甘子次生木质部导管分子观察研究

运用细胞图象分析系统及显微照相的方法,对余甘子次生木质部导管分子进行观察研究.结果发现,余甘子次生木质部导管分子中存在着许多不同的样式,导管分子大多数具尾;其穿孔板存在着两种类型:(1)两端均为1个单穿孔板;(2)一端为1个单穿孔板另一端为2个单穿孔板;(3)极少数的导管分子具有特殊的内含物;(4)管间纹孔式为互列纹孔式;(5)导管射线间纹孔式为混合型纹孔与横列刻痕状纹孔以及梯状穿孔.     

中国连香树科的系统研究——Ⅱ.次生木质部的显微和超微结构

本文报道连香树木材解剖和扫描电镜研究结果,连香树木材特征较为原始,具导管和管胞,导管端壁斜、梯状穿孔板、具有超出穿孔板的三生螺旋加厚,管胞为原始的梯纹管胞,木纤维壁上具裂隙状纹孔,木薄壁组织离管型,星散状分布,木射线异型。     

豆科7种沙生植物次生木质部的生态解剖

对我国西北沙漠地区的７种豆科植物的次生木质部进行了比较研究,除紫穗槐的导管直径相对较大,壁较薄和纤维壁薄之外,其余植物的共同特点是：导管平均直径小,管壁厚,导管分频率及复孔率高,导管分子很短,端壁几乎水平,具单穿孔;管间纹孔为互列的具缘纹孔,并有附物纹孔;韧型纤维短、壁较厚,壁上有较少的单纹孔;射线平均高度很低,具单列及多列射线。然而,它们的导管分布式样、单孔率,以及导管壁上有无螺旋加厚,轴向薄壁     

两种麻黄根与茎次生木质部的解剖与进化和干旱环境的关系

用光镜及扫描电镜对两种麻黄根、茎次生木质部进行了解剖研究,结果表明：轴向系统主要由导管和管胞组成。横向系统由细胞壁木质化了的射线薄壁组织细胞组成。导管直径甚小,多孔式穿孔板,并存在导管与管胞之间的管状分子类型,推断麻黄属是裸子植物中最早出现导管的类群;管胞中有一些两头尖、胞腔小、具缘纹孔含纹孔塞的长分子,可视作纤维状管胞,使管胞的输导作用被削弱,而支持功能被加强;射线异型多列,已不具备裸子植物具较窄射线的特点。导管与管胞并存,恰好起到了一般沙生被子植物具宽窄两种类型的导管、复孔率高等典型的对干旱环境的适应特征的作用,茎中导管分子的长度和宽度均小于根,这与茎部需要较强的机械支持力相一致。     

阳桃次生木质部导管分子及侵填体的研究

运用细胞图象分析系统和显微照相的方法对阳桃次生木质部导管分子进行了观察研究。次生木质部导管分子类型有两端具尾导管、一端具尾导管和无尾导管。导管分子穿孔板存在着2种类型:两端均为一个单穿孔板;一端为一个单穿孔板,另一端为具两个单穿孔的复穿孔板。48%的导管分子具有囊状侵填体;管间纹孔式为互列纹孔式。     

中国木兰科华盖木属的木材解剖和近缘属的关系

本文对最近在我国云南省西畴县热带雨林中发现的木兰科中的一个新的单种属——华盖木(Manglie-tastrum sinicum Law)的木材解剖特征进行首次报道:它具有较稀的管孔数目;单管孔占优势;导管侧壁具细螺纹加厚,底壁穿孔板横条数较多,为6—12枚,高达17枚;轴向薄壁组织轮界状,宽达9—12列细胞,还偶有稀疏傍管薄壁组织;木射线为Kribs异形ⅡA型,且在少数多列线中具略长的单列翼部分。这些解剖的,以及联系到外部形态特征,虽然和近缘的木莲属Manglietia Blume存在着一定的差别。但与本科其他各属比较,则又与“拟木莲属”(“Paramanglietia”Hu & Cheng)、香木兰属Aromadendron Blume、榻榔木属Talauma Juss.及木兰属Magnolia Linn.的多数种类,在木材构造中留存有较多的原始特征相类似。     

壳斗科木材识别和分类

从106种壳斗科木材构造特征.作为本科木材识别和分类依据,概括于下: 散孔材,管孔细,单个密布,在生长轮末端一狭带无管孔,宽射线为多列射线,较狭而数较多为水青冈属。辐射孔材,管孔成串径列,宽射线聚合型,在横面反光弱为主,分布不均,促使材身槽棱不整齐,槽底平而宽长的为稠属。辐射孔材,管孔成串径、斜列为主,宽射线聚合型(常见)和栎型,在横面反光强,分布均匀,促使材身槽棱整齐,槽底尖而分隔为青冈属。半环孔材或环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮不连续排列,在肉眼下可见至明显,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,宽射线聚合型,常数少且几条聚近分布,大部分树种无宽射线的为锥属。环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮连续排列,肉眼下明显,侵填体丰富,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,宽射线栎型为栎属。环孔材,早材管孔沿生长轮连续排列,肉眼下明显,具侵填体,晚材管孔成串径列,弯曲或火焰状,射线细而肉眼下不见为栗属。 各属共同特征,薄壁组织离管带状,似环管(实际为环管管胞),生长轮不同程度波状。     

A review of the platanaceous woods from the Eocene paratropical rainforest of south-east England

Small diameter pyritized axes, commonly referred to as 'twigs', of fossil platanaceous wood are described from the Lower Eocene London Clay Formation of south-east England. These twigs are characterized by solitary vessels with scalariform perforation plates, opposite intervessel pits, and tall, multiseriate rays that dilate in the phloem region. The wood anatomy supports close relationship to members of extant Platanaceae and the material is placed in the organ genus Plataninium Unger erected for fossil woods with close anatomical similarity to Platanus L. This material supplements the fossil record of platanaceous type wood from the Eocene London Clay and documents the first record of Plataninium decipiens Brett in the twig flora.  © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2002, 139 , 181–191.     

Two early Eocene vines from south-east England

Small diameter pyritized axes, commonly referred to as 'twigs', of fossil vitaceous and menispermaceous wood from the Lower Eocene, London Clay Formation of south-east England are described here for the first time. The vitaceous twigs, which represent the earliest known occurrence of fossil Vitaceae wood, are characterized by large diameter, solitary vessels, tall wide rays which dilate in the phloem region, scalariform intervessel pits and simple perforation plates. The wood anatomy supports a close relationship to the Vitaceae and in particular the genus Rhoicissus Planch. The menispermaceous twigs are characterized by medium to moderately large vessels, simple perforation plates, alternate intervascular pitting and very broad and high rays. The anatomical characters support a close relationship to the Menispermaceae and in particular the genera Tinomiscium Miers and Coscinium Colebr. However, as these fossil twigs are not exactly similar to any particular genus they have been placed in the organ genus, Vitacexoylon Wheeler and LaPasha and Menispermoxylon Vozenin-Serra, Privé-Gill & Ginsburg, with which, respectively, they have the greatest similarity. These specimens were studied using reflected light- and scanning electron microscopy.     

Glutoxylon Chowdhury (Anacardiaceae): the first record of fossil wood from Bangladesh

This paper documents the first record of silicified fossil wood from a previously undescribed wood-rich horizon in the Sitakund Anticline, Eastern Bangladesh. The outcrop is composed of cross-stratified, fine-medium grained sandstones with bidirectional cross stratification indicative of a tidal environment, deposited ca. 5-5.2 million years before present (Miocene/Pliocene). The wood is characterised by large solitary vessels with alternate intervascular pits, banded parenchyma, uniseriate rays, and multiseriate rays with one radial canal per ray. This character combination closely resembles the wood of extant Gluta L. of the Anacardiaceae. This specimen has been assigned to the organ genus Glutoxylon Chowdhury erected for fossil woods with anatomical similarity to Gluta (including Melanorrhoea Wall.). The excellent preservation of this mature wood specimen illustrates the potential for using fossil wood from the Sitakund locality for palaeoecological studies in terms of biodiversity and adaptational response to climate change. Moreover such investigations of fossil woods from Bangladesh will compliment studies undertaken on fossil plants in other parts of Central and Southeastern Asia which will further the understanding of plant migration routes between India and Southeast Asia during the Tertiary.     

Wood structure of Aegiceras corniculatum and its ecological adaptations to salinities

We describe the wood structure of Aegiceras corniculatum and its differences under various soil salinities. This species had diffuse-porous wood with poorly defined growth rings. Vessels which had single perforations occurred abundantly and in multiples and were storeyed. Intervascular pits between contiguous vessels were alternate bordered ones while half-bordered pit-pairs existed between both vessel-ray and vessel-parenchyma. Homogenous xylem rays were multiseriate and uniseriate. Fiber-tracheids with bordered pits often had thinner walls. Xylem parenchyma cells were scant and distributed diffusely and paratracheally. Differences in the structural and quantitative characters of vessels, xylem rays and fiber-tracheids under diverse soil salinities are described. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The first record of fossil Vitaceae wood from the Southern Hemisphere,a new combination for Vitaceoxylon ramunculiformis,and reappraisal of the fossil record of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Cenozoic of Australia

Austrovideira dettmannaegen. & sp. nov. from the early Oligocene Capella Flora in central Queensland is the first fossil Vitaceae wood described from the Southern Hemisphere. A new combination, Stafylioxylon ramunculiformis (Poole & Wilkinson) Pace & Rozefelds for a Northern Hemisphere fossil wood is also proposed. Austrovideira and Stafylioxylon share with Vitaceoxylon secondary xylem with two diameter classes of vessels, wide vessels usually solitary, narrow vessels forming radial chains, very wide and tall rays, scanty paratracheal parenchyma and septate fibres. Austrovideira differs from Vitaceoxylon in having scalariform intervessel pits and homocellular rays composed exclusively of procumbent cells. This combination of features is seen in the Ampelocissus‐Vitis clade, and a clearly stratified phloem with fibre bands alternating with all other axial elements and phloem rays rapidly dilating towards the periderm is restricted to Parthenocissus and Vitis. Stafylioxylon shares with Austrovideira the presence of scalariform intervessel pits but it differs from that genus in both ray composition and bark anatomy, as it lacks a stratified phloem. These fossil wood genera demonstrate that the lianescent habit in the Vitaceae was established by the Eocene in the Northern Hemisphere and by the Oligocene in the Southern Hemisphere. The pollen and seed fossil record shows that the Vitaceae were in Australia by the Eocene and fossil seeds suggest that the family had radiated by this time. The Oligocene Capella flora with two seed taxa and fossil wood (Austrovideira) provides further evidence of an Australian radiation. The fossil evidence, suggests a significant Gondwanic history for the family.     

The First Record of Fossil Wood of Winteraceae from the Upper Cretaceous of Antarctica

Fossil wood of the Winteraceae from the Upper Cretaceous sedimentsof James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, is described herefor the first time. The specimen is characterized by the absenceof vessels, rays of two distinct sizes and tracheids with one–threerows of circular bordered pits, mainly on the radial walls,grading to horizontally elongate and scalariform. Despite anatomicalconformity to the family Winteraceae, the fossil wood is notidentical to any one extant genus and therefore has been assignedto the fossil organ genus Winteroxylon Gottwald with which thefossil shows greatest similarity. Copyright 2000 Annals of BotanyCompany Antarctica, Cretaceous, angiosperm, wood, anatomy, Winteraceae, Winteroxylon, fossil, palaeoclimate     

A New Species of Araucarioxylon Kraus from the Early Early Permian,Nei Mongol,China

A kind of silicified fossil wood with mixed pits on the radial tracheid wall is described. The fossil wood was collected from the top of Taiyuan Formation (early Early Permian) in Wuda Mining District, Nei Mongol. Compared with the Paleozoic fossil woods in the world, it is put into Araucarioxylon Kraus and named as A. laoshidanense sp. nov. Based on the character of possessing mixed pittings (alternate and opposite pittings) on the radial tracheid wall, the fossil wood is believed to be one of the unknown primitive conifers.Diagnosis of the new species: Only secondary xylem preserved and consisting of axial tracheids and rays. Growth ring boundary, resin duct and axial parenchyma absent. One to Four (commonly 2or3) seriates of bordered pits mostly alternate but sometimes opposite）on the radial tracheid wall. One to Four (commonly1, rarely2 to 4) Cupressoid pits in each cross-field. Rays usually uniseriate, sometimes partly-biseriate and 2 to 39 (mainly3-5) cells high.     

内蒙古早二叠世早期南洋杉型木属一新种

报道了一种具混合型纹孔（互列式纹孔和对列式纹孔）的化石本。化石木产自内蒙古乌达矿区老石旦矿附近太原组上部,地质时代为早二叠世早期。经比较,确认为南洋杉型木属（Ａｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ Ｋｒａｕｓ）一种新;老石旦南洋杉型木（Ａｒａｕｃａｒｉｏｘｙｌｏｎ ｌａｏｓｈｉｄａｎｅｎｓｅ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）．根据混合型纹孔的存在及其他特征,认为新种可能代表了一种原始的松杉类植物的木材化石。主要特征：仅保存     

Tetracentron Wood from the Miocene of Noto Peninsula,Central Japan,with a short revision of homoxylic fossil woods

A vesselless fossil wood was discovered in the Miocene Yanagida Formation in the Noto Peninsula, central Japan. This fossil has distinct growth rings with gradual transition from the early- to the latewood ; tracheids, which are called 'usual traeheids' here, constitute the ground mass of the wood and have typical scalariform bordered pits on radial walls in the earlywood and circular sparse pits on those in the latewood ; rays are 1\2-4 cells wide and heterogeneous with low to high uniseriate wings; axial parenchyma strands are scattered in the latewood. This wood has a peculiar feature; sporadic radial files of broad tracheids whose tangential walls have crowded alternate bordered pits. The radial walls have crowded half-bordered pits to ray cells, but no pits to the usual tracheids. Among all of the extant and extinct angiosperms and gymnosperms, these unusual tracheids occur only in Tetracentron. From these features, we refer the fossil to the extant genus Tetracentron, and name it T. japonoxylum. A revision of homoxylic woods is made for comparision with the present fossil. Tetracentron japonoxylum is the only fossil wood of Tetracentron.