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北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus)是一种分布广泛的小型雀形目鸟类,主要分布于南亚东北部,东南亚北部、东亚及俄罗斯等地区,我国东北、华北、华中至西南等地也均有分布,是重要的食虫益鸟。为探究北红尾鸲巢址选择的影响因素,找到影响北红尾鸲繁殖成功率的主要巢址因子,于2017年4—7月,在辽宁仙人洞国家级自然保护区开展系统研究。共发现北红尾鸲自然巢44个,其中29巢繁殖成功,15巢繁殖失败。北红尾鸲主要筑巢于石墙缝、空心砖墙缝及废旧电表箱中。巢址参数的主成分分析结果表明:巢口因子(27.738%)、巢位因子(14.195%)、光照因子(12.145%)、人为干扰因子(10.440%)、安全因子(9.266%)和隐蔽因子(7.187%)是影响北红尾鸲巢址选择的重要因子。采用二元逻辑斯蒂回归分析繁殖成功巢与失败巢参数发现,成功巢的巢口最大高度显著小于失败巢(P=0.047),且其距顶的距离更近(P=0.043)。多元线性回归分析表明,巢上方盖度对繁殖成功率有极显著影响(t=2.883,P=0.009)。总的来说,北红尾鸲虽偏爱筑巢于人为干扰较大的村庄房屋附近,但较小的巢口能有效避免巢捕食者的捕食,更近的距顶距离和更大的巢上方盖度能有效降低巢上方的可视程度和降水等不利因素的影响,从而提高繁殖成功率。 相似文献
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2011年7~8月在宜宾市屏山县老君山自然保护区对红嘴相思鸟Lei(ò)thrix lutea的繁殖生态进行了初步研究.研究结果显示,红嘴相思鸟巢主要营造于方竹Chimonobambusa quadrangularis(Fenzi)Makino、柃木属Eurya树枝和藤蔓上,藤蔓有悬钩子属Rubus、猕猴桃Actinidia chinensis、木通属Akebia等.巢址环境温度(22.01±0.35)℃,湿度(88.30±0.81)%;巢材主要有树叶、树皮、细藤、细树根、细树枝、方竹叶、草叶、细草茎、苔藓、人造纤维、棉类、塑料、过滤嘴纤维等;巢外径(85.31±1.09)mm×(94.00±1.37)mm、内径(55.77±0.69)mm×(62.48±0.70)mm、巢深(54.78±1.14)mm、巢高(80.43±2.39)mm;窝卵数3.125枚/窝,孵化期12 d,孵化工作主要由雌鸟担任;巢内育雏期10~12 d,雌雄共同育雏,雄鸟占主要.繁殖成功率75.00%. 相似文献
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2012年5~7月,在陕西红碱淖对东方大苇莺的繁殖生态进行了研究。结果表明,东方大苇莺5月末迁来繁殖,营巢于芦苇丛中,巢口向上呈深杯状,由枯芦苇和芦苇絮编织而成。对17个巢的巢参数进行了测量:巢外径(11.85±0.216)cm,巢内径(5.87±0.101)cm,巢深(6.49±0.166)cm。巢距地面高度(106.00±4.421)cm,约位于芦苇高度的2/5处。平均窝卵数(4.67±0.188)枚,卵重为(2.70±0.044)g,卵长径为(21.93±0.13)mm,卵短径为(15.81±0.06)mm。孵化期为(15~18)d,孵化率为78.8%,巢雏成活率为95.2%。雏鸟的体重、体长的生长符合Logistic曲线方程拟合。芦苇的高度和密度是制约东方大苇莺巢址选择的主要因素,恶劣天气和大杜鹃巢寄生是影响繁殖成效的主要原因。 相似文献
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种间竞争会导致鸟类对自身的生存策略进行多方面调整,将多种因素结合起来分析不同鸟类的同域共存机制具有十分重要的意义.2009-2011年的3-7月,在辽宁省东部山区以悬挂人工巢箱的方法招引杂色山雀(Parus varius)和大山雀(Parus major),通过比较这两种鸟类在繁殖时间、繁殖参数和巢址选择上的差异,分析其繁殖期的栖息地选择及繁殖对策,探讨这两种鸟类同域共存的机制.结果表明,生态位的部分分离是大山雀和杂色山雀能够长期共存的基础.两者都是在繁殖期到来立即开始繁殖,均出现两次繁殖高峰,采用消减窝卵数的对策来适应环境质量的下降.对繁殖参数的分析表明,两种鸟类的繁殖对策都为k-选择,但大山雀略偏向r端,大山雀倾向高窝卵数、低繁殖成功率的繁殖策略;杂色山雀倾向低窝卵数、高繁殖成功率的繁殖策略.两种鸟类都选择在林龄较长的森林中筑巢,但是大山雀较注重巢址的安全性能,巢距地面较高,周围乔木密集;杂色山雀较为注重植被类型的选择,巢址多选择在植被多样、灌木生长茂盛的针阔混交林中,推测可能与杂色山雀的食物构成有关. 相似文献
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新疆木垒波斑鸨的繁殖成功率 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作者于 1998~ 2 0 0 0年 4~ 7月 ,采用野外直接观察、栖息地植被样方调查和无线电跟踪等方法对分布于新疆木垒的波斑鸨 (Chlamydotiundulatamacqueenii)种群的繁殖生态进行了初步观察与研究。考察中共发现45个巢、 84窝幼雏。研究结果表明 ,木垒波斑鸨有两个产卵高峰期 ,表明雌鸟第一次繁殖失败后可能再次产卵。雌鸟营巢成功率平均为 0 5 0 5。波斑鸨的窝卵数在 2~ 6枚之间 ,出现 4枚卵的频率最高。第一产卵期内的平均窝卵数 ( 4 0± 0 8枚 /窝 )大于第二产卵期内的平均窝卵数 ( 3 3± 0 8枚 /窝 )。木垒波斑鸨种群三年间卵孵化率分别为 0 84、 0 80和 1,繁殖成功率为 0 45 6。种群在繁殖期几乎不受人类活动干扰 ,巢卵及幼雏损失主要来自天敌捕食 ,如沙狐、大和棕尾等. 相似文献
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杭州城市环境中白头鹎的繁殖生态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)是一种中国南方城市分布广泛、种群数量丰富的鸟类。其对环境变化和人类活动的适应能力已引起关注。2012年3—7月,在杭州城市环境下,对白头鹎的繁殖生态进行了系统调查,共记录到白头鹎繁殖鸟巢117巢。结果显示,在杭州市区,白头鹎主要在居民小区、行道树和绿化带的树冠层筑巢,主要营巢植物为桂树(Osmanthus fragrans),占总数的84.6%(n=117)。所有繁殖巢距地面均高(3.16±0.91)m(n=117)。3月底开始筑巢产卵,产卵高峰集中在4月11—25日。窝卵数为(3.37±0.48)枚(n=103),孵化期为(11.34±1.12)d(n=32),育雏期为(11.85±1.12)d(n=47)。孵化率为68.3%(n=111),离巢率为52.1%(n=117),总繁殖成功率为34.7%(n=111)。繁殖失败原因主要包括卵及雏鸟被捕食、人为干扰等。 相似文献
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猎隼(Falco cherrug)主要繁殖于我国西部省区,为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物。2005年在新疆准噶尔盆地东缘采用野外调查方法研究了其繁殖生态。猎隼繁殖期为4—7月;窝卵数平均为(4.0±0.63)(3—5)枚;卵长径为(55.40±3.06)mm,卵短径为(41.11±1.70)mm;猎隼的孵化率、雏鸟成活率和繁殖力分别为70.8%、64.7%和1.8;巢成功率为83.3%。雏鸟体重、跗长的生长符合逻辑斯谛曲线增长。食物的可利用性是限制新疆猎隼窝卵数和生殖力的主导因素。要有效保护猎隼首先应保护栖息环境和猎物的多样性及丰富度。 相似文献
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人工巢箱条件下白眉姬鹟的繁殖习性和巢址选择 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2005年2月—2006年7月,通过悬挂人工巢箱,对白眉姬鹟(Ficedula zanthopygia)的繁殖习性和巢址选择进行了初步研究。结果表明:2年间,共悬挂人工巢箱226个,其中25个巢箱被白眉姬鹟利用,以小型山雀式巢箱为主(96%),白眉姬鹟对巢大小有选择性;在人工巢箱条件下,白眉姬鹟的窝卵数为(6.00±0.17)枚,卵长径为(17.45±0.07)mm,卵短径为(13.20±0.06)mm,卵重为(1.54±0.02)g,孵化期为12~14d,孵化率为88.76%,育雏期为12~14d,出飞率为96.22%。影响白眉姬鹟巢址选择的主要因素有巢位因子(31.46%)、巢下隐蔽因子(24.67%)、光照因子(15.70%)和食物因子(11.32%)等,其中巢位因子是白眉姬鹟巢址选择中首要考虑的因素;其次是隐蔽性,它可以减少白眉姬鹟被捕食的几率;光照可以提高巢内温度,对于白眉姬鹟的孵化也起到重要作用;食物则保证了繁殖期亲、幼鸟的食物要求。白眉姬鹟的巢材较为广泛,与当地环境密切相关,反映了白眉姬鹟对生境有较强的适应性。 相似文献
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2014—2016年繁殖季,在四川老君山国家级自然保护区内对红翅噪鹛Trochalopteron formosum的繁殖生态进行了初步研究。结果显示,红翅噪鹛的繁殖期为4月下旬到9月中旬。在2016年,红翅噪鹛的繁殖种群密度为14. 733只/km2(95%置信区间:11. 727~18. 511;变异系数:0. 115),主要在八月竹Chimonobambusa szechuanensis上筑巢。在产卵期,雌鸟每天清晨产1枚卵,平均窝卵数为2. 28枚±0. 09枚(n=24;范围:2~3)。孵卵期14~15 d,孵化率约59. 6%。育雏期14 d,出飞率约50. 0%。天敌捕食是红翅噪鹛繁殖失败的首要原因。红翅噪鹛偏好乔木盖度低、竹子较高和竹子盖度较大的巢址生境。乔木盖度可能是影响红翅噪鹛巢址选择的关键生态因子。 相似文献
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红耳鹎(Pycnonotus jocosus)为华南区常见鸟类。我们在整理中国鹎科鸟类分布区变化情况时发现,2006年以来红耳鹎的地理分布范围发生较大的变化。本文收集整理了中国1976至2016年期间红耳鹎的分布信息,并利用GIS技术详细地描述分析了该物种的地理分布变化情况。结果显示,红耳鹎jocosus亚种的分布范围呈现一个辐射状的扩散趋势,且向北方地区迁移。除少数扩散属人为因素造成外,基本上都是自然扩散。本研究还初步讨论了生境选择、繁殖习性以及食性等生态特征对红耳鹎扩散的影响,并对该物种地理分布扩散可能造成的影响进行讨论。 相似文献
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2010~2011年4~7月,在四川省瓦屋山自然保护区对金色林鸲(Tarsiger chrysaeus)的繁殖生态和巢址选择进行了研究。共发现26巢,金色林鸲2010年和2011年的繁殖成功率分别为43.8%和44.4%,孵化率分别为52.5%和60.0%;育雏成功率分别为85.7%和100.0%。主成分分析表明,影响金色林鸲巢址选择的主要因子包括巢位因素、苔藓盖度因素和乔木郁闭度因素。步道两侧的土坎为金色林鸲巢址选择提供了适宜条件。在瓦屋山,人类活动是影响金色林鸲繁殖、巢址选择、巢的分布和数量的重要因素,并存在两面性;人行步道的修建为金色林鸲提供了更多适宜的巢址,而游客的频繁活动限制了金色林鸲的繁殖活动。 相似文献
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2016年3~6月,在广西西南部龙州县弄岗村(22°26′35.20′′~22°30′46.90′′N,106°57′46.35′′~107°03′32.99′′E),通过野外观察和自动温度记录仪相结合的方法对褐翅鸦鹃(Centropus sinensis)的孵卵行为与节律进行了研究。结果表明,1)褐翅鸦鹃边筑巢边产卵,每2 d产1枚卵,卵长径和短径分别为(36.11±0.42)mm和(28.46±0.38)mm,卵重(16.35±0.51)g(n=44枚)。窝卵数3~5枚,孵卵期为(16.75±1.65)d(n=4巢),孵化率为45.45%(n=44枚)。孵卵期与窝卵数之间无显著相关性(r=0.865,P0.05);2)白天双亲共同参与孵卵,夜晚则由其中1只负责。夜间亲鸟的在巢时间从19时左右持续至翌日晨6时左右;3)亲鸟采取离巢次数少和离巢时间长的孵卵策略。亲鸟日活动时间在700 min以上(n=45 d),日离巢次数为(8.82±0.34)次(n=45 d),平均每次离巢持续时间为(52.91±2.35)min(n=397次),每次离巢持续时间与环境温度呈显著负相关关系(r=﹣0.113,P0.05);4)巢内平均孵卵温度为(31.7±0.3)℃(n=4巢),随孵卵天数增加而增加,并与环境温度(最高温r=0.566,最低温r=0.537,平均温r=0.706,P0.01)和日活动时间正相关(r=0.506,P0.01);5)有延迟孵卵行为。延迟孵卵期间夜晚巢内最低温是22.1℃。在桂西南北热带气候环境中,高的环境温度是保障褐翅鸦鹃孵卵成功的主要因素之一。 相似文献
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Aziz Aslan Bekir Kabasakal Matteo Griggio Ali Erdoğan 《Zoology in the Middle East.》2018,64(2):95-101
The White-spectacled Bulbul, Pycnonotus xanthopygos, is an abundant and possibly invasive species in Turkey, where it has gradually expanded its distribution and breeding range in both western and southeastern directions. This study focused on its breeding biology, which is still poorly known. The breeding activity extends from February until September. The preferred nesting areas are mainly gardens and maquis groves, where 24 different nesting tree species have been identified. The clutch size is 3.3 ± 0.8 eggs per pair, nesting success 68%, hatching success 94%, fledgling success 95%, and overall breeding success 89%. While nesting success differs significantly between the years, we found no significant differences in hatching, fledging, and overall breeding success between the years studied. Despite favourable climatic conditions in the Mediterranean region, the species makes only one brood per year in a relatively extended breeding season extending over seven months, and has a relatively a high reproduction rate per nest. 相似文献
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Forests of the Hawaiian archipelago are a global hotspot for conserving avian diversity and contain among the world's most imperiled species. Demographic studies are necessary to determine primary causes of Hawaiian forest bird population declines. We conducted research on the nesting success of multiple bird families on the island of Kaua‘i, allowing us to investigate the importance of factors related to breeding biology on forest bird declines at a community scale. Our study included two Hawaiian honeycreepers, ‘anianiau Magumma parva and ‘apapane Himatione sanguinea, a native monarch flycatcher, Kaua‘i ‘elepaio Chasiempis sclateri, and one introduced species, Japanese white‐eye Zosterops japonicus. Data from 123 nests showed that nesting success ± SE, estimated using program MARK, was low for ‘apapane (0.23 ± 0.10), but did not vary substantially among our other study species (‘anianiau = 0.56 ± 0.09, Kaua‘i ‘elepaio = 0.63 ± 0.08, Japanese white‐eye = 0.52 ± 0.11). Causes of nest loss for 51 nest failures included nest predation (43%), unknown (25%), empty after termination with no signs of nest predation (e.g. eggshell or chick remains in nest, disheveled nest) (24%), and abandoned clutch or brood (4% each). Kaua‘i ‘elepaio suffered more than twice as many nest losses to predation compared to our other study species, but also had the highest nesting success; and, ‘apapane suffered least to nest predation, but had the lowest nesting success. Further, rates of nesting success derived in our study were relatively high compared to multi‐species studies in mainland tropics. Therefore, although nest predation accounted for the greatest proportion of nest failures, it may not be a cause of forest bird population declines in our system. We suggest that future demographic studies focus on post‐fledgling, juvenile, and adult survival, in addition to the importance of double‐brooding and renesting attempts on annual reproductive success. 相似文献
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The breeding ecology of Styan's Bulbul Pycnonotus taivanus , an endemic species in Taiwan, was studied in Kenting, Taiwan. The duration of the breeding season of Styan's Bulbul stretched from March to July in 1983. The average clutch size was 3.3 eggs ( n =34), and hatching success was 60%. The average number of nestlings at hatching was 2.7 per clutch, and 73% of the young fledged. Styan's Bulbuls selected their nest sites among dense vegetation. In the study area, 75% ( n =84) of nests were found in the Indiapoon Beautyleaf tree Calophyllum inophyllum , which had a relative vegetation density of only 33.5%. Factor analysis was used to analyse 13 nest-site characteristics of 63 nests, and five factors accounted for 69% of the variation. 相似文献
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《Ostrich》2013,84(3):633-636
Nest predation is a primary cause of nesting mortality for many bird species, particularly passerines. Nest location can affect predation, and it has also been demonstrated that predation risk can alter nest site selection. Birds can limit predation risk by selecting specific habitat characteristics; by changing nest site characteristics between attempts; and by dispersing between nesting events. Here we report breeding data from a population of Orange-breasted Sunbirds Anthobaphes violacea (L.), for a single breeding season in the Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, South Africa. Neither shrub type nor nest height was found to affect the outcome of a nest. For subsequent breeding attempts, birds were not more likely to change the type of shrub in which they nested after a predation event than when the attempt was successful, nor did they change the height of their nest. However, we found that the distance between a nest and the subsequent one was significantly shorter after a successful nest than after an unsuccessful one. We interpret this as an adaptive strategy to avoid predation. 相似文献
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The breeding ecology of eastern olivaceous warblers Hippolais pallida is poorly known. In this study, we provide data on nest site selection and breeding parameters of the species in a population
in northwestern Bulgaria, the only one known to be regularly and heavily parasitized by the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus (hereafter cuckoo). Eastern olivaceous warblers only bred within human settlements of the study area, avoiding seemingly
suitable habitat outside them. Nests were built in a wide range of plant taxa but ailanthuses Ailanthus altissima and mulberries Morus spp. were most frequently used (21%). After taking into account the availability of vegetation, there was an apparent preference
for several plant taxa but not for mulberries. Mean nest height was 1.65 ± 0.98 (0.53–7.60) m, n = 217, and it varied significantly among different types of nesting substrate. Laying date and clutch size of first breeding
attempts averaged 10 June ± 0.98 days, n = 101 and 3.9 ± 0.07 (2–5) eggs, n = 72, respectively. Hatching success, fledging success, and breeding success were 42.5, 86.4, and 36.7%, respectively. The
main sources of nest mortality were predation and cuckoo parasitism, with no significant difference in the proportion of nests
lost to each. Cuckoo parasitism seemed responsible for the relatively low hatching success in this population. 相似文献
20.
Latitudinal variation in avian life history strategies is well documented. Clutch size and nest success tend to increase with latitude, whereas longevity and developmental periods have been argued to decrease with latitude. However, these patterns are largely based on interspecific comparisons of species breeding at tropical and temperate latitudes. We compared the life history of Yellow Warblers Setophaga petechia breeding in arctic habitat at the northern extent of their range, in Inuvik, NWT (68°N), Canada, with those breeding in temperate habitat in Revelstoke, BC (50°N), and use data from 21 populations spanning 0–68°N to evaluate latitudinal trends in life history traits from tropical to arctic habitats. Females breeding in Inuvik laid first clutches that were slightly (although not significantly) larger and had higher nest success, which resulted in higher annual productivity compared with their low- latitude counterparts. Apparent adult survival rates were only marginally lower in Inuvik than in Revelstoke, whereas incubation and nestling periods in the arctic were similar to our temperate site. When comparing life history traits across the Yellow Warbler breeding range, we observed increases in clutch sizes and nest success with increasing latitude that appeared to be associated with declines in adult survival, though this relationship was weakened by the addition of our arctic site. We detected more moderate declines in incubation and nestling periods with increasing latitude. As we observed latitudinal variation in some life history traits, but not a consistent transition of traits associated with a shift from a slow to fast life history from tropical to arctic latitudes, our study suggests that the expectation for a general shift in life history traits may be over-simplified. 相似文献