乌桕种子各部位比率和油脂含量与环境因子的关系

对全国11个省16个市（县）19个鸡爪桕[Sapium sebiferum(L.)Roxb.var.laxicarpum Hu]种子样品进行分析,以探讨乌桕种子的外种皮、内种皮、种仁的比率及皮油、梓油的含量和种子总含油率、百粒重与纬度、经度、年积温和年降水量的相关性,结果表明,乌桕种子外种皮、种仁的比率和皮油含量与纬度、经度、年积温和年降水量呈正相关;梓油的含量与经度、年积温和年降水量呈正相关,内种皮的比率与上述环境因子均呈负相关;种子的百粒重与经度和年积温呈正相关,与纬度和年降水量的相关性不明显;种子的总含油量与经度、年积温及年降水量呈较明显的相相关,而与纬度没有明显的正相关。     

Differences in seed properties and germination between native and introduced populations of Triadica sebifera

很多入侵植物的种子比原产地植物的种子萌发的更快,这可能有利于它们成功入侵。为了理解生物入侵过程,对入侵植物的入侵种群 和原产地种群的种子特性和萌发特征同时进行评估极为必要。本研究中,我们以乌桕(Triadica sebifera)为研究对象探究种子萌发和种子 特征的种内差异。 我们利用采于2017年的乌桕种子,来自中国的12个原产地种群和美国的12个引入地种群,测定种子的物理性状(体积、重量、种皮硬度和种皮厚度)和化学特性[种仁的粗脂肪、可溶性蛋白质、糖、赤霉素(GA)和脱落酸(ABA)],并在中国的温室中测定种子的发芽率和萌发时间。此外,我们在美国用采自2016年和2017年的种子开展了研究地点(中国和美国)和种子采集年份(2016年和2017年)对种子萌发影响的比较实验。 来自引入地的种子要比来自原产地的种子萌发更快。种子的物理和化学特性测定结果表明：与原产地种子相比,引入地种子更大、种仁内含有的赤霉素浓度以及GA:ABA比更高,但粗脂肪含量较低。种子重量、种皮硬度、种皮厚度、种仁脱落酸、可溶性蛋白质和糖含量在引入地和原产地之间没有显著差异。在中国和美国温室间的种子萌发率具有相关性,但种群的萌发率具有年际变化。我们的研究结果表明,体积较大和赤霉素含量较高的种子可能有助于快速萌发,这可能也有利于乌桕在引入地的入侵。     

乌桕油脂成分作为生物柴油原料的研究进展

生物柴油本质上是长链脂肪酸甲酯,工业上多通过酯交换反应进行生产.乌桕是广泛分布于中国的油料树种,其种子油脂含量高达40%左右,是生物柴油的优质原料.本文在介绍能源植物的种类及生物柴油生产概况的同时综述了乌桕皮油和梓油的提取工艺、用于催化乌桕油生产生物柴油的催化剂以及乌桕油及种子中脂肪酸组成等方面的研究进展.规范乌桕种质资源的标准化与分子标记辅助遗传育种、油脂代谢途径机理的揭示及转基因技术创制高含油新品种、新型纳米催化剂及新型高效固定化抗逆脂肪酶的研制对推动乌桕生物柴油的发展具有重要作用.     

清新和阳山县圆叶乌桕群落物种多样性和优势种群动态探讨

为了解亚热带地区石灰岩山地圆叶乌桕(Triadica rotundifolia)群落的变化规律,应用样方调查法,对广东省清新县和阳山县两片石灰岩山区圆叶乌桕群落的物种多样性及其种群动态进行了研究。结果表明,在两个面积为2400 m2的样方中,共有维管植物140种,隶属于65科118属。群落均以大戟科、茜草科、芸香科、桑科和木犀科为优势科;其种子植物属的分布区类型以热带分布型为主,占总属数的79.6%,温带分布型属占18.3%。除草本层均匀度外,清新群落的各层丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数均比阳山群落的高。清新的圆叶乌桕种群缺乏小苗,为不稳定种群; 而阳山的圆叶乌桕种群相对年轻,为稳定种群。随着群落的演替发展,群落中圆叶乌桕的优势地位终将被其它耐荫型树种所取代。     

乌桕不同组织DNA提取方法及其效果(简报)

以乌桕嫩叶和胚乳为材料,采用改良CTAB法和SDS法提取乌桕基因组DNA,研究提取条件对DNA提取效果的影响,确定β-ME用量、PVP用量、RnaseA酶用量。结果表明,用改良CTAB法提取乌桕叶片和种子时,DNA获取量和提取纯度明显优于SDS法。     

麻楝种子形态和营养特征遗传变异分析

为系统揭示麻楝种源间种子形态和营养成分的变异程度和变异规律,以8个国家26个种源麻楝种子为试验材料,对不同种源麻楝种子的形态特征和营养成分进行比较分析。多重比较结果表明,麻楝种源间种子的长、宽、厚、长宽比、百粒重以及可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量差异极显著;相关分析表明,种子百粒重与种子长、种子宽呈极显著正相关,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量与百粒重均呈极显著正相关;主成分分析结果显示,影响麻楝种子品质的第1主成分主要是种子形态性状,即种子长、百粒重和种子宽,第2主成分是种子营养成分;通过分析麻楝种子形态特征及营养成分变异系数可知,麻楝种子形态变异系数大于营养成分变异系数,表明种子形态受外界环境影响较大。通过主成分聚类分析,将26个种源分为2个集群,第1集群包括澳大利亚和马来西亚2个种源,其特点是种子形态较大、百粒较重、养分含量较高;第2集群包括其余24个种源。结合聚类分析和种子形态与地理气候因子相关分析结果可知,麻楝种子形态变异具有一定的地理区域特征,与分布区的自然地理因素有一定的相关性,麻楝分布区南部种子较大而北部种子较小。     

国槐（Sophora japonica）种子成分分析

为更深入了解国槐种子的生理特性及其综合利用价值,对种子主要成分进行研究,结果表明,国槐种子中蛋白质含量最高,其次为总糖和脂肪;谷氨酸,精氨酸和天冬氨酸是组成种子蛋白质的主要成分;种子油脂以不饱和脂肪酸油酸和亚油酸为主,各种维生素Ｖｃ含量最高,各种化学成分在叶和胚轴＋胚根中含量存在差异。     

鸡肝散的引种和精油成分初步分析

鸡肝散(Elsholtzia blanda)种子在低温9℃左右,密藏24个月以上,种子发芽率仍可保持87％。种子从发芽生长至枯黄止,整个生育期为8—9个月。栽培植株精油含量随着生长发育日趋成熟而逐渐增加,为0.42—0.88％,主要成分芳樟醇、1,8-桉油素、苯乙酮、反-氧化芳樟醇、樟脑、龙脑等的含量,有一定的变化规律,其它成分含量变化差异较小。     

乌桕幼苗月月嫁接成活试验成功

乌桕是我国一个特产树种,分布于黄河以南。乌桕在微酸性及至含有0.2％的盐土上均能生长,一般5—6年即能开花结实,土层肥厚、水分充足时树龄可达百余年。乌桕种子含桕脂24—26％、桕油16—17％。是目前木本油料树种中出油率较高的树种之     

树葡萄果实功能成分分析北大核心CSCD

为了解树葡萄果实中功能成分的含量,本实验分别采用分光光度法测定树葡萄果实黄酮和花青索含量,Folin．Ciocaileu比色法测定多酚含量。研究结果表明：树葡萄的果皮、果肉和种子中都含有花青素、多酚和黄酮,但花青素在整个果实中含量最低,而果肉的花青索、多酚和黄酮的含量都极显著低于果皮和种子。果实中果皮的花青素含量相对于其他两个部位较高,达1．2391u;种子总多酚含量最高达19．952mg／g,其次是果皮,果肉总多酚含量最低,仅0．1333mg／g;果皮总黄酮含量最高达6．2011mg/g,其次是种子,果肉总黄酮含量最低,仅0．5800mg/g。由此可见,树葡萄果实果肉的3种功能成分含量最低,花青素和总黄酮以果皮含量最高,总多酚以种子含量最高。     

Impact of groundnut rosette disease on nutritive value and elemental composition of four varieties of peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Proximate and elemental composition of four peanut genotypes infected with groundnut rosette disease (GRD) was examined. Moisture and ash content generally decreased while fat and energy content increased in seeds from diseased plants. Protein and carbohydrate varied between seeds of diseased and healthy plants of the different varieties with no consistent pattern. Instrumental neutron activation analysis of 10 elements within leaves, stems and seeds showed elevated levels of K, Al and Cl in leaves, stems and seeds in at least three of the four varieties infected with GRD while Na was decreased in stems but increased in seeds. While significant differences were found, Mg, Mn, Ca and Zn did not show any consistent change with respect to plant part or genotype, between diseased and healthy plants. V and Fe were found at low levels in leaves and stems and not detected in seeds. This represents the first report on the effect of GRD on the nutritive quality of peanuts.     

Differential salt tolerance and similar responses to nitrogen availability in plants grown from dimorphic seeds of Suaeda salsa

Suaeda salsa is an annual halophyte which produces two morphologically distinct types of seeds on the same plant. The main purpose of this study was to investigate growth responses of S. salsa plants to different levels of NaCl and nitrate nitrogen, and its significance from the viewpoint of photosynthetic physiology. In a pot experiment, we sowed seeds belonging to the two morphs into a substrate with three salinity and three nutrient levels. Plants derived from brown seeds grew well at moderate salinity (300 mmol L⁻¹ NaCl). Shoot weight of plants from black seeds gradually decreased with the increase of salinity. Plants derived from both seed morphs had the same growth rates under similar nitrogen levels. Plant growth status was generally related to chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rates. Our study shows that plants grown from the two different seed morphs of S. salsa exhibit different salt tolerance, but have similar responses to nitrate nitrogen. This is the first report on different responses to salinity and nitrogen availability in plants with heteromorphic seeds.     

Influence of Boron and Drought Simulation on Germinability and Hardseededness of Black Medick Seeds (Medicago lupulina L.)

This study deals with the determination of germinability of black medick (Medicago lupulina L.) seeds in conditions of different drought intensity induced by different concentrations of PEG 8000 solutions (0.2; 0.4; 0.6 mol). Four batches of seed were tested (Ekola 2–5). At the same time, the influence of boron, some other elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn) and compounds (starch, lipids and sugars) contents in black medick seeds on their germinability (percentages of germinated, dead and hard seeds) was evaluated. The effect of drought was manifested by germination which was reduced max. by 8% as compared with the control variant and was only partially significant. Statistically significant (P?<?0.01) negative correlations (R?=?? 0.64) were recorded between germinability and the boron content in the seeds, and positive correlations were found between the percentages of hard seeds and the boron content in the seeds. The results show that the higher content of boron in the seeds of black medick increases the proportion of hard seeds at the expense of the germinated seeds percentages.

     

不同种源喜树幼枝中喜树碱的含量

通过HPLC测定了喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)不同器官及不同种源幼枝中喜树碱的含量.结果表明,喜树碱含量在叶、种子和幼枝(幼叶和幼茎)中较高,木质部中较少,髓中最低.不同种源的幼枝中,来自成都种源喜树的喜树碱含量最高.通过比较,两年生喜树各器官中喜树碱含量普遍比一年生高,幼枝中顶枝的喜树碱含量比侧枝高.     

不同种源喜树幼枝中喜树碱的含量

通过HPLC测定了喜树(Camptotheca acuminata)不同器官及不同种源幼枝中喜树碱的含量。结果表明, 喜树碱含量在叶、种子和幼枝(幼叶和幼茎)中较高, 木质部中较少, 髓中最低。不同种源的幼枝中, 来自成都种源喜树的喜树碱含量最高。通过比较, 两年生喜树各器官中喜树碱含量普遍比一年生高, 幼枝中顶枝的喜树碱含量比侧枝高。     

不同产地长柄扁桃种仁成分分析

采用GC-MS、AAS、HPLC等方法对选自陕西神木、内蒙古包头、内蒙古阿拉善盟、河北承德4个不同产地的长柄扁桃种仁的一般成分(粗脂肪、粗蛋白、水分、灰分、总糖、总膳食纤维)、氨基酸、微量元素、脂肪酸及苦杏仁苷含量等进行分析。研究表明,不同产地长柄扁桃种仁各组分含量有一定差别,但均富含粗脂肪(416~478g/kg)和粗蛋白(206~286g/kg);种仁中氨基酸种类齐全,含量丰富;均含Ca、Mg、P、Fe、K等9种对人体有益的矿质元素,未检出Pb、Cd、Hg、As等元素;长柄扁桃油中不饱和脂肪酸含量在96.8%以上,以油酸和亚油酸主;苦杏仁苷含量在3%左右。从测定结果来看,长柄扁桃种仁可以作为开发食用油、蛋白粉以及苦杏仁苷的原材料,具有较好的经济价值,适宜于广大北方荒漠地区推广种植。     

太白红杉种实数量特征

太白红杉 (Larixchinensis) 是仅分布于我国陕西秦岭境内的国家二级保护植物, 研究其生殖规律将有助于加深对其濒危原因的认识。该文用单因素方差分析的方法研究了太白红杉种实数量特征, 并用Pearson相关系数检验了不同环境条件下的变化及其与环境因子和植株生长状况的关系, 结果表明种实数量特征在不同环境条件下差异明显, 太白山国家森林公园单株种子产量最高 ;长安光头山平均每株产生的种子总重、球果总重和球果平均重量最重, 平均每株球果数目和每球果种子数也是最多。多重比较表明牛背梁种群太白红杉种子千粒重最重。其中球果的种子数在小种群中较多 ;每株的种子总重量、球果平均重和球果总重在小种群中较重。太白红杉种实数量特征与海拔、坡度和坡向呈负相关, 与植株年龄呈正相关, 球果的种子数目与年均温呈正相关 (p <0.0 5 ), 而与一月均温呈负相关 (p <0.0 5 ) 。种子大小与种子总数呈弱正相关, 种子大小和数目间不存在权衡 (Trade-ff) 。     

Seed-setting by alpine gentian (Gentiana nivalis L.)

Summary

The seed content of individual capsules of alpine gentian (Gentiana nivalis L.), a rare annual of Scottish mountains, was compared amongst (a) single- and multi-flowered plants and (b) the years 1987–92 inclusive. Capsules contained two types of seeds, ‘live’ seeds that were terete and apparently viable, and ‘aborted’ seeds that were shrunken and clearly dead. The topmost capsule on plants with two-five flowers contained two-three times the number of live seeds found in capsules from plants with a single flower. The mean annual production of live seeds per plant ranged from 176 in single-flowered plants through 445, 580, 983 and 1145 in plants with two, three, four and five flowers respectively. The mean live seed content of capsules varied annually, depending on the numbers of seeds that aborted. Annual variation in the proportion of aborted seeds was negatively correlated with mean maximum temperature during July, when the plants began flowering. It is suggested that cold temperatures in July possibly inhibited the activity of pollinating insects and the growth of pollen tubes. The results are discussed in the context of possible future changes in the Scottish climate.     

苦荞重组自交系群体籽粒黄酮含量与产量性状分析

为揭示影响苦荞籽粒黄酮含量的主要因素,获得高黄酮含量的苦荞种质,该文以"小米荞×晋荞2号"重组自交系(RILs)群体为材料,采用酶标仪检测籽粒黄酮含量,调查了百粒重、籽粒长宽比、株高、分枝数及籽粒产量等性状的变异,并探究籽粒黄酮含量与产量性状之间的相关关系,比较了不同粒色、不同粒型苦荞株系的籽粒黄酮含量的差异,基于聚类...