Seasonality and drivers of stem CO2 efflux for four temperate coniferous tree species

Aims Stem CO₂ efflux (E_s) is an important component of annual carbon budget in forest ecosystems, but how biotic and environmental factors regulate seasonal and inter-specific variations in E_s is poorly understood. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare seasonal dynamics in E_s for four temperate coniferous tree species in northeastern China, including Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), Korean spruce (Picea koraiensis), Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica), and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii); and (2) to explore factors driving the inter-specific variability in E_s during the growing and non-growing seasons.
Methods Ten to twelve trees for each tree species were sampled for E_s and stem temperature at 1 cm depth beneath the bark (T_s) measurements in situ with an infrared gas analyzer (LI-6400 IRGA) and a digital thermometer, respectively, from July to October 2013 and March to July 2014. The daily stem circumference increment (S_i), sapwood nitrogen concentration ([N]), and related environmental factors were monitored simultaneously.
Important findings The temporal variation in E_s for the four tree species overall followed the changes in T_s throughout the study period, with the maxima occurring in the summer months (late May to early July) characterized by higher temperature and more rapid stem growth and the minima in spring (late March to April) or autumn (October) having lower temperature. T_s accounted for 42%-91% and 56%-89% of variations in E_s during the growing (May to September) and non-growing (other months) seasons, respectively. Furthermore, apart from T_s, we also found significant regression relationships between E_s and S_i, relative air humidity and [N] during the growing season, but their forms and correlation coefficients were species-dependent. These results indicated that T_s was the dominant environmental factor affecting seasonal variations in E_s, but the magnitude of the effect varied with tree species and growth rhythm. Mean E_s for each of the four tree species was significantly higher in the growing season than in the non-growing season, whereas within the season there were also significant differences in mean E_s among the tree species (all p < 0.05). The temperature sensitivity of E_s (Q₁₀ value) did not differ significantly among the tree species during the growing season, ranging from 1.64 for Dahurian larch to 2.09 for Mongolian pine, but did differ during the non-growing season which varied from 1.80 for Korean pine to 3.14 for Dahurian larch. Moreover, Korean spruce, Mongolian pine and Dahurian larch had significantly greater Q₁₀ values in the non-growing season than in the growing season (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that the differences of the response of E_s to temperature change for different tree species were mainly from the non-growing season. Because the seasonality and inter-specific variability in E_s for these temperate coniferous tree species were primarily controlled by multiple factors such as temperature, we conclude that using a single annual temperature response curve to estimate the annual E_s may lead to more uncertainty.     

Seasonal environmental variability drives microdiversity within a coastal Synechococcus population

Marine microbes often show a high degree of physiological or ecological diversity below the species level. This microdiversity raises questions about the processes that drive diversification and permit coexistence of diverse yet closely related marine microbes, especially given the theoretical efficiency of competitive exclusion. Here, we provide insight with an 8-year time series of diversity within Synechococcus, a widespread and important marine picophytoplankter. The population of Synechococcus on the Northeast U.S. Shelf is comprised of six main types, each of which displays a distinct and consistent seasonal pattern. With compositional data analysis, we show that these patterns can be reproduced with a simple model that couples differential responses to temperature and light with the seasonal cycle of the physical environment. These observations support the hypothesis that temporal variability in environmental factors can maintain microdiversity in marine microbial populations. We also identify how seasonal diversity patterns directly determine overarching Synechococcus population abundance features.     

刺参养殖池塘水体微生物群落功能多样性的季节变化

利用Biolog技术和冗余分析(RDA)方法对刺参养殖池塘水体微生物群落功能多样性的季节变化及其与环境因子间的关系进行研究.结果表明： 刺参池塘水体微生物对碳源总量和单类碳源的利用均具有显著的季节变化,总体表现为夏季最高、冬季最低,其利用比例较高的碳源类型为聚合物.主成分分析表明,刺参池塘水体微生物群落碳代谢方式具有显著的季节变化,其中,与主成分1显著相关的碳源主要有10种,分别属于聚合物、糖类、羧酸、氨基酸和胺.刺参池塘水体微生物碳代谢多样性指数Shannon、McIntosh、Simpson和S E均匀度均存在显著的季节变化,但不同指数之间的变化有较大差异.RDA分析表明,TP、NO₃^--N、TN和PO₄^3--P是影响刺参池塘水体微生物群落功能多样性季节变化的主要因素.     

青海湖新生湖滨带与主湖区水环境特征差异研究

文章研究对比了青海湖水位上升后形成的新生湖滨带与主湖区在不同季节的水环境特征差异。结果显示, 在测定的14个指标中, 高锰酸盐指数、总磷、浊度和电导率等指标在湖滨带与主湖区间存在显著空间差异, 而pH、总氮、溶解氧饱和度、水温、溶解氧浓度、溶解性磷、溶解性无机氮、氨氮、亚硝氮和硝酸盐氮等指标无显著空间差异; 但结合各指标的变异系数、季节变化和主成分分析的结果来看, 所有指标在新生湖滨带都表现出更大的变异系数, 6月湖滨带样点主要在溶解性营养盐指标方面离散, 8月湖滨带样点主要在淹没土壤释放物质相关指标方面离散, 两者可能分别受到生物残体分解和淹没土壤释放的影响。研究的结果表明, 青海湖的新淹没湖滨带的水环境特征与主湖区存在明显差异。土壤释放、生命活动、风浪、水深和温度等因素共同塑造了青海湖新生湖滨带的水环境特征。上述结果提示了青海湖部分湖滨带区域的水环境特征有利于刚毛藻生长, 同时也可能受到刚毛藻暴发影响。新生湖滨带对青海湖水生态系统的持续影响还需要在后续研究中进一步关注。     

Seasonal strengths of the abiotic and biotic drivers of a zooplankton community

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Photosynthesis and Optimal Light Microhabitats for a Rare Cactus, Mammillaria gaumeri, in Two Tropical Ecosystems

Mammillaria gaumeri , an endemic cactus from Yucatan, is threatened due to human-mediated habitat fragmentation but knowledge regarding factors that would inform management plans is limited, including information on optimal microhabitats and growth. We studied seasonal patterns of microclimate, net CO₂ uptake and growth of adult individuals during the dry, rainy and northwind (late fall to winter) seasons in separate populations located in a coastal dune and in a dry forest. To provide an assay of primary productivity, we measured the production of new axillary buds (areoles) from the apex. We found that patterns of net CO₂ uptake in the three seasons were consistent with obligate crassulacean acid metabolism. The reduction in soil water potential and the increase in water vapor pressure deficit led to a reduction in 24-h net CO₂ uptake from 18.0 to 1.3 mmol CO₂/m², after 30 d of drought. Dry-weight gain was maximal during the rainy season and there was no growth during the dry season, thus seasonal patterns of net CO₂ uptake and growth for M. gaumeri reflected soil and atmospheric water contents. Annual dry-weight gain increased linearly with plant size and with total daily photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) up to 80 percent of ambient. Maximal growth was in exposed microhabitats receiving 60–80 percent of total ambient PPFD. We hypothesize that low-magnitude disturbances, resulting in more exposed microhabitats, might be beneficial for growth and conservation of adult individuals of this rare species.     

A single-substrate model to interpret intra-annual stable isotope signals in tree-ring cellulose

The carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition of wood cellulose ( δ ¹³C_cellulose and δ ¹⁸O_cellulose, respectively) reveal well-defined seasonal variations that contain valuable records of past climate, leaf gas exchange and carbon allocation dynamics within the trees. Here, we present a single-substrate model for wood growth to interpret seasonal isotopic signals collected in an even-aged maritime pine plantation growing in South-west France, where climate, soil and flux variables were also monitored. Observed seasonal patterns in δ ¹³C_cellulose and δ ¹⁸O_cellulose were different between years and individuals, and mostly captured by the model, suggesting that the single-substrate hypothesis is a good approximation for tree ring studies on Pinus pinaster , at least for the environmental conditions covered by this study. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the model was mostly affected by five isotopic discrimination factors and two leaf gas-exchange parameters. Modelled early wood signals were also very sensitive to the date when cell wall thickening begins ( t _wt). Our model could therefore be used to reconstruct t _wt time series and improve our understanding of how climate influences this key parameter of xylogenesis.     

Seasonality,diaspore traits and the structure of plant-frugivore networks in Neotropical savanna forest

Complex frugivory networks are common in heterogeneous environments, but how the structure of those networks varies due to seasonality and other environmental factors remains unclear. For example, seasonal variation in rainfall can influence fruit production and diaspore characteristics, which could alter the quantity and quality of resources available to different animals in the network and, hence, network structure. We investigated how a frugivory network varied seasonally in Brazilian savanna (Cerrado), where there are well-defined dry and wet seasons and fructification mainly during the rainy season for most tree species. We recorded fruit consumption by animals during the dry and wet seasons in two different gallery forests and used these data to test the hypotheses that connectance, links per species and nestedness would be higher in the dry season than rainy season due to low available food in the former that would be consumed by various species of frugivores. Concomitantly, we also measured seed width and lipid content from diaspores of the fruiting trees to determine if these characteristics influenced interaction properties between fruiting trees and frugivores. Among the measured network parameters, connectance, links per species and specialization varied between seasons in one site but not in the other, indicating that seasonal variation in networks is not necessarily consistent over time or space. The number of tree species with small diaspores with high lipid content differed between seasons, and those characteristics were key factors increasing the interaction parameter of fruiting trees. We suggest that network stability between seasons may be related to local frugivore diversity, resource availability, and fruit quality.     

植物叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系的变异性

叶片最大羧化速率是表征植物光合能力的关键参数, 受到光照、温度、水分、CO₂浓度、叶片氮含量等多个要素的控制。准确地模拟植物叶片最大羧化速率对环境因子的响应是预测未来植被生产力和碳循环过程的前提。目前大多数陆地碳循环过程模型以Farqhuar光合作用模型为基础模拟植物的光合作用, 关于植物叶片的最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系的模拟方法却各不相同。该文汇总了1990-2013年国内外植物叶片光合速率观测研究文献中叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量的关系式及相关数据, 分析了叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系随不同植被功能型和时间的变化特征, 以及环境因子变化条件下最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系的变化特征, 探讨了二者关系变异性的可能原因以及影响因子。结果表明: 1)不同功能型植物叶片的最大羧化速率和叶氮含量的关系存在较大差异, 二者线性关系式的斜率平均值变化范围为16.29-50.25 μmol CO₂·g N^-1·s^-1。落叶植被叶片的最大羧化速率随叶氮含量的变化率和光合氮利用效率一般都高于常绿植被, 其变异主要源于植物的比叶重和叶片内部氮素分配的差异。2)叶片最大羧化速率随叶氮含量的变化存在季节和年际变异。在没有受到水分胁迫的年份中, 叶片最大羧化速率随叶氮含量变化的速率一般在春季或夏季最高, 其季节变异与比叶重和叶氮在Rubisco的分配比例的季节变化有关。受到干旱的影响, 叶片最大羧化速率随叶氮含量的变化率会升高。3)当大气CO₂浓度增加时, 由于叶片中Rubisco含量的降低, 多年生针叶叶片最大羧化速率和叶氮关系斜率值会出现降低; 当供氮水平增加时, 叶片最大羧化速率和叶片氮含量均表现出增加趋势, 二者线性关系的斜率也相应增加。在此基础上, 该文指出在模拟叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量的关系时, 应考虑叶片比叶重和叶氮在Rubisco中的分配比例的季节变异、水分胁迫、大气CO₂浓度和供氮水平变化对二者关系的影响。囿于数据的有限性, 今后应进一步加强多因子控制实验研究, 深入探讨叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系的变异性机理, 并获得更系统的观测数据, 以助生态系统过程模型的改进, 提高模型的模拟精度。     

Altered kelp (Laminariales) phlorotannins and growth under elevated carbon dioxide and ultraviolet-B treatments can influence associated intertidal food webs

Due to the importance of brown algae, such as kelp (Laminariales, Phaeophyta), within most cool nearshore environments, any direct responses of kelp to multiple global changes could alter the integrity of future coastal marine systems. Fifty-five-day manipulation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and ultraviolet light (UVB) within outdoor sea-tanks, approximating past, present and two predicted future levels, examined the direct influences on Saccharina latissima (= Laminaria saccharina ) and Nereocystis luetkeana development and biochemistry, as well as the indirect influences on a marine herbivore ( Tegula funebralis ; Gastropoda, Mollusca) and on naturally occurring intertidal detritivores. Kelp species displayed variable directional (negative and positive growth) and scale responses to CO₂ and UVB manipulations, which was influenced by interactions. Kelp phlorotannin (phenolic) production in blade tissues was induced by elevated UVB levels, and especially enhanced (additively) by elevated CO₂, further suggesting that some actively growing kelp species are carbon limited in typical nearshore environments. Negative indirect effects upon detritivore consumers fed CO₂-manipulated kelp blade tissues were detected, however, no statistical relationships existed among UVB-treated tissues, and test herbivores did not distinguish between phlorotannin-altered CO₂: UVB-treated kelp blade tissues. Results suggest that past and future conditions differentially benefit these kelp species, which implies a potential for shifts in species abundance and community composition. Higher CO₂ conditions can indirectly impede marine decay processes delaying access to recycled trace nutrients, which may be disruptive to the seasonal regrowth of algae and/or higher trophic levels of nearshore ecosystems.     

Variations in the relationship between maximum leaf carboxylation rate and leaf nitrogen concentration

叶片最大羧化速率是表征植物光合能力的关键参数, 受到光照、温度、水分、CO₂浓度、叶片氮含量等多个要素的控制。准确地模拟植物叶片最大羧化速率对环境因子的响应是预测未来植被生产力和碳循环过程的前提。目前大多数陆地碳循环过程模型以Farqhuar光合作用模型为基础模拟植物的光合作用, 关于植物叶片的最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系的模拟方法却各不相同。该文汇总了1990-2013年国内外植物叶片光合速率观测研究文献中叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量的关系式及相关数据, 分析了叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系随不同植被功能型和时间的变化特征, 以及环境因子变化条件下最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系的变化特征, 探讨了二者关系变异性的可能原因以及影响因子。结果表明: 1)不同功能型植物叶片的最大羧化速率和叶氮含量的关系存在较大差异, 二者线性关系式的斜率平均值变化范围为16.29-50.25 μmol CO₂·g N^-1·s^-1。落叶植被叶片的最大羧化速率随叶氮含量的变化率和光合氮利用效率一般都高于常绿植被, 其变异主要源于植物的比叶重和叶片内部氮素分配的差异。2)叶片最大羧化速率随叶氮含量的变化存在季节和年际变异。在没有受到水分胁迫的年份中, 叶片最大羧化速率随叶氮含量变化的速率一般在春季或夏季最高, 其季节变异与比叶重和叶氮在Rubisco的分配比例的季节变化有关。受到干旱的影响, 叶片最大羧化速率随叶氮含量的变化率会升高。3)当大气CO₂浓度增加时, 由于叶片中Rubisco含量的降低, 多年生针叶叶片最大羧化速率和叶氮关系斜率值会出现降低; 当供氮水平增加时, 叶片最大羧化速率和叶片氮含量均表现出增加趋势, 二者线性关系的斜率也相应增加。在此基础上, 该文指出在模拟叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量的关系时, 应考虑叶片比叶重和叶氮在Rubisco中的分配比例的季节变异、水分胁迫、大气CO₂浓度和供氮水平变化对二者关系的影响。囿于数据的有限性, 今后应进一步加强多因子控制实验研究, 深入探讨叶片最大羧化速率与叶氮含量关系的变异性机理, 并获得更系统的观测数据, 以助生态系统过程模型的改进, 提高模型的模拟精度。     

开放式空气CO2浓度增高试验中的NO和NO2地气交换观测研究

介绍了农田FACE(free-air CO₂ enrichment)试验中的NO和NO₂地气交换观测方法,即静态暗箱采样—NO和NO₂化学发光分析法,并对观测结果进行了分析讨论.此观测方法简单、易于操作,并可获得可靠的NO和NO₂净交换通量观测结果.在稻麦轮作农田的旱地阶段,无论FACE还是对照处理,NO主要表现为地面净排放,NO₂主要表现为地面净吸收.逐日的NO净排放不依赖于土壤温度,但却与土壤含水量呈线性负相关(R²=0.82,P<0.001).NO₂净吸收具有明显的季节变化特征,逐日的净吸收通量随土壤温度和土壤含水量的变化可分别用抛物线方程拟合(温度:R²=0.74,P<0.001;含水量:R²=0.69,P<0.001).大气CO₂浓度升高200±40μmol·mol^-1使NO净排放减弱19%(t检验P=0.096),NO₂净吸收减弱10%(t检验P=0.26),这主要是植物生长受到促进的缘故.     

Bird diversity patterns in Neotropical temperate farmlands: The role of environmental factors and trophic groups in the spring and autumn

Productivity, habitat heterogeneity and environmental similarity are of the most widely accepted hypotheses to explain spatial patterns of species richness and species composition similarity. Environmental factors may exhibit seasonal changes affecting species distributions. We explored possible changes in spatial patterns of bird species richness and species composition similarity. Feeding habits are likely to have a major influence in bird–environment associations and, given that food availability shows seasonal changes in temperate climates, we expect those associations to differ by trophic group (insectivores or granivores). We surveyed birds and estimated environmental variables along line‐transects covering an E‐W gradient of annual precipitation in the Pampas of Argentina during the autumn and the spring. We examined responses of bird species richness to spatial changes in habitat productivity and heterogeneity using regression analyses, and explored potential differences between seasons of those responses. Furthermore, we used Mantel tests to examine the relationship between species composition similarity and both the environmental similarity between sites and the geographic distance between sites, also assessing differences between seasons in those relationships. Richness of insectivorous birds was directly related to primary productivity in both seasons, whereas richness of seed‐eaters showed a positive association with habitat heterogeneity during the spring. Species composition similarity between assemblages was correlated with both productivity similarity and geographic proximity during the autumn and the spring, except for insectivore assemblages. Diversity within main trophic groups seemed to reflect differences in their spatial patterns as a response to changes between seasons in the spatial patterns of food resources. Our findings suggest that considering different seasons and functional groups in the analyses of diversity spatial pattern could contribute to better understand the determinants of biological diversity in temperate climates.     

松嫩平原西部草甸草原5种典型植物群落土壤呼吸的时空动态

土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组分, 由于受到生物因子与非生物因子的共同作用, 土壤碳排放量在时间和空间尺度上都具有一定的变异性。为弄清松嫩平原西部草甸草原植物群落土壤呼吸作用的时空动态变化及其影响因子, 以典型植被碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)、虎尾草(Chloris virgata)、碱茅(Puccinellia distans)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)群落为研究对象, 采用LI-6400土壤呼吸测定系统对该生态系统2011-2012年植物生长季内土壤呼吸作用进行了监测。结果表明: 土壤温度可以解释土壤呼吸作用变异的53%-82%, 是影响该生态系统土壤碳排放时间变异的主要因素。土壤水分并未对土壤呼吸作用时间变异产生明显的影响。不同植物群落的土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(Q₁₀)有所差异, Q₁₀为2.0-6.7。生长季内, 5种植物群落的土壤累积碳排放量的平均值为316.6 g C·m^-2。生长季内土壤碳累积排放量与植被地上生物量、土壤有机碳含量、平均土壤温度显著正相关, 与平均土壤含水量、pH值、土壤电导率及交换性钠百分比呈负相关关系。土壤的微气候、植被的地上生物量及土壤性质的差异是土壤碳排放空间变异的主要影响因素。     

Increased photosynthetic capacity of Scirpus olneyi after 4 years of exposure to elevated CO2

Abstract. While a short-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO₂ induces a large increase in photosynthesis in many plants, long-term growth in elevated CO₂ often results in a smaller increase due to reduced photosynthetic capacity. In this study, it was shown that, for a wild C₃ species growing in its natural environment and exposed to elevated CO₂ for four growing seasons, the photosynthetic capacity has actually increased by 31%. An increase in photosynthetic capacity has been observed in other species growing in the field, which suggests that photosynthesis of certain field grown plants will continue to respond to elevated levels of atmospheric CO₂     

Seasonal consistency of the assembling rules in a bird-fruiting plant network

There is an ongoing debate on whether species' traits or neutrality generate recurrent patterns of mutualistic networks. Although there have been recent advances on the issue, many studies neglect the seasonal dynamics of these drivers. In this study, we investigated how pervasive are the drivers (i.e. species’ size, phenological overlap and species relative abundance) of the frequency of pairwise interactions and the aggregate metrics of seasonal seed dispersal networks in a semideciduous forest from the savannahs of Southeastern Brazil. We used a likelihood approach and built probability matrices based on different drivers to compare how they fit in the frequency and structure of the seasonal observed networks. We found that in both seasons trait-based processes, especially phenological overlap between species, best predicted the frequency of pairwise interactions. However, species relative abundances performed better than species traits in explaining most of aggregate network metrics in both seasons, except for the interaction evenness. These findings suggest that ecological and evolutionary processes are seasonally pervasive and determine the ability of species to interact with their partners. Besides, the general structure of the seasonal networks is less sensitive to species traits and its drivers remain seasonally constant. We conclude that our ability to understand the complexity of plant-frugivore interactions depends on assessing the contribution of species traits and their relative abundances to the structure of seasonal-detailed networks.     

长期不同施氮量下冬小麦-夏玉米复种系统土壤硝态氮累积和淋洗特征

冬小麦夏玉米是华北平原主要的粮食作物,其集约化的农业种植体系虽然普遍实现了粮食的高产,但氮肥常年大量施用会造成土壤深层硝态氮累积、淋洗等问题.本文以河北清苑冬小麦-夏玉米复种体系为研究对象,设置不同施氮量(N₀、N₁₀₀、N₁₈₀、N₂₅₅、N₃₃₀,分别表示施氮0、100、180、255、330 kg·hm^-2),于2010-2016年开展6个周期定位试验,研究不同施氮量对土壤硝态氮累积和淋洗的影响.结果表明: 在12季冬小麦和夏玉米收获期各处理产量存在显著差异,土壤硝态氮含量表现为冬小麦季累积、夏玉米季淋洗的特点,且90和180 cm土层硝态氮累积量均表现为 N₃₃₀>N₂₅₅>N₁₈₀>N₁₀₀>N₀.从土壤剖面分布看,硝态氮可淋洗至990 cm的深层土壤中,且出现6个累积峰,同时土壤硝态氮累积峰随施氮量增加而下移,N₃₃₀处理累积峰最深在840 cm处.从各土层累积量的分配看,5个处理0～90 cm硝态氮累积量占比在10%左右,大部分都在90 cm以下,不能被植物利用.可见,夏玉米季硝态氮淋洗严重,施氮量越高,土壤硝态氮残留量越大,向土壤深层淋洗量也越多,由此带来的对地下水的污染风险应该引起重视.从产量与硝态氮累积情况来看,N₁₈₀为最优处理.     

江苏滆湖大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

为了解滆湖大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系,于2013—2014年对滆湖20个采样点的大型底栖动物按季节进行了8次调查,同时对14项水环境指标进行了逐月监测.结果表明: 共采集到大型底栖动物25种,其中软体动物3种,占12%,摇蚊幼虫12种,占48%,寡毛类4种,占16%,甲壳类4种,占16%.优势种为霍甫水丝蚓、苏氏尾鳃蚓、中国长足摇蚊和太湖裸须摇蚊.摇蚊幼虫和寡毛类存在显著的空间和季节变化.氮、磷营养元素和水温对滆湖水域环境状况有较大影响,且总氮(TN)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)和溶解氧(DO)均表现出显著的空间和季节变化.相关性分析表明,TN和NO₃^--N是影响滆湖大型底栖动物群落结构的主要水环境因子,环境变量可以较好地解释主要类群的变化.     

三种环境激素对四种海洋微藻的急性毒性效应研究

近年来,海洋环境激素污染日益严重,为了考察环境激素对海洋微藻的生物毒性效应,进而评估其对海洋生态系统的影响,该实验研究了三氯卡班、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、三丁基氯化锡三种环境激素对海洋小球藻(Chlorella sp.)、眼点拟微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis ocutala)、球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)和东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense )4种海洋微藻的急性毒性效应。结果表明,三种环境激素均可显著抑制该4种微藻的生长。三氯卡班对4种微藻的96 h-EC₅₀分别为108.19 μg·L^-1、63.21 μg·L^-1、60.73 μg·L^-1和57.58 μg·L^-1;邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对4种微藻的96 h-EC₅₀分别为1.42 mg·L^-1、1.02 mg·L^-1、1.47 mg·L^-1 和1.21 mg·L^-1;三丁基氯化锡对4种微藻的96 h-EC₅₀分别为3.5 μg·L^-1、4.36 μg·L^-1、0.6 μg·L^-1和0.6 μg·L^-1。三种环境激素对四种海洋微藻的毒性强弱顺序为三丁基氯化锡>三氯卡班>邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。