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1.
Agnès Doligez Yves Bertrand Sonia Dias Michel Grolier Jean-François Ballester Alain Bouquet Patrice This 《Tree Genetics & Genomes》2010,6(3):413-422
Fertility (number of inflorescences per shoot) is a trait of major importance for grapevine breeding. We present and compare
the results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection for fertility in two table grape progenies, MTP3140 and MTP3234. Novel
parental and consensus maps were built for MTP3140. We found a main QTL on linkage group (LG) 5 in both progenies, which was
also the most stable one across years. It explained up to 18.5% of the total intra-cross phenotypic variance. Three other
QTLs, one on LG 5 and two on LG 14, were repeated over years but were found in a single progeny. Our results suggest that
QTLs effect was mainly additive. The prospects for testing candidate genes are discussed as well as the potential interest
of these results for marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
2.
J. T. Matus M. J. Poupin P. Cañón E. Bordeu J. A. Alcalde P. Arce-Johnson 《Plant molecular biology》2010,72(6):607-620
Anthocyanins and tannins are two of the most abundant flavonoids found in grapevine, and their synthesis is derived from the
phenylpropanoid pathway. As described for model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, maize and petunia, the end-point branches of this pathway are tightly regulated by the combinatorial interaction of three
families of regulatory factors; MYB, bHLH (also known as MYC) and WDR proteins. Among these, only MYB genes have been previously identified in grapes. Here, we report the isolation of the first members from the WDR and bHLH
families found in Vitis vinifera, named WDR1, WDR2 and MYCA1. WDR1 contributed positively to the accumulation of anthocyanins when it was overexpressed in A. thaliana, although it was not possible to determine the function of WDR2 by ectopic expression. The sub-cellular localizations of
WDR1 and MYCA1 were observed by means of GFP-fusion proteins, indicating both cytoplasm and nuclear localization, in contrast
to the localization of a MYB factor exclusively in the nucleus. The expression patterns of these genes were quantified in
coloured reproductive organs throughout development, and correlated with anthocyanin accumulation and the expression profiles
of the flavonoid-related MYBA1-2,
UFGT, and ANR genes. In vitro grapevine plantlets grown under high salt concentrations showed a cultivar-dependent response for anthocyanin
accumulation, which correlated with the expression of MYBA1-2, MYCA1 and WDR1 genes. These results suggest that MYCA1 may regulate ANR and UFGT and that this last control is easier to distinguish whenever MYBA genes are absent or in low abundance. Future studies should
address the specific interactions of these proteins and their quantitative contribution to flavonoid synthesis in grape berries. 相似文献
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P. Gago J. L. Santiago S. Boso V. Alonso-Villaverde M. C. Martinez 《Economic botany》2009,63(1):67-77
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera
L.): Old Varieties Are Reflected in Works of Art. The northwest of the Iberian Peninsula is home to a number of ancient grapevine varieties now in danger of extinction, regarding
which the literature contains only a few references, dating from the 19th century. In this region, baroque religious art,
which is commonly ornamented with grapevine motifs, achieved great importance. This work reports the ampelographic comparison
of the leaves of 19 old grapevine varieties from this region with those represented on 42 baroque altarpieces. Many of the
latter were found to be ampelographically correct representations of grapevine leaves; in some cases they showed such similarity
to these old varieties that their cultivation at the time when the corresponding sculptures were made can be confirmed. A
larger study may therefore help determine when other varieties were cultivated in the past. 相似文献
7.
In order to investigate the photoprotective function of photorespiration in grapevine under water stress, potted grapevines
(Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) were randomly divided into three uniform groups for well-watered [watered every morning to keep
the relative water content (RWC) of soil over 70 %], water-stress adapted (drought-adapted at 30 % relative soil water content
for 30 days), and water stress without adaptation treatment (water-stressed to 30 % relative soil water content for 3 days).
Net assimilation rate (A
N), stomatal conductance (g
s), substomatal CO2 concentration (C
i), transpiration rate (E), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII), and maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) were recorded by combining measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence. Gross photorespiration (Pr), photosynthetic electron partitioning (JC/JT), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were also calculated. The ratio of net
assimilation rate to transpiration rate (A
N/E) was used as an indicator of water use efficiency (WUE). A
N, apparent Pr, ΦPSII, Fv/Fm, qp, and g
s decreased, NPQ increased, and gross Pr sustained at a high level under water stress. This suggests that both photorespiration and energy dissipation play important
roles in protecting photosynthetic apparatus against photoinhibition. C
i in water-stressed plants without adaptation treatment increased, which indicates the leaves suffered a non-stomatal limitation,
while the water-stress adaped plants only suffered a stomatal limitation indicated by low C
i. 相似文献
8.
Daniela Bulgari Paola Casati Lorenzo Brusetti Fabio Quaglino Milena Brasca Daniele Daffonchio Piero Attilio Bianco 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2009,47(4):393-401
Diversity of bacterial endophytes associated with grapevine leaf tissues was analyzed by cultivation and cultivation-independent
methods. In order to identify bacterial endophytes directly from metagenome, a protocol for bacteria enrichment and DNA extraction
was optimized. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene libraries underscored five diverse Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), showing
best sequence matches with γ-Proteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae, with a dominance of the genus Pantoea. Bacteria isolation through cultivation revealed the presence of six OTUs, showing best sequence matches with Actinobacteria,
genus Curtobacterium, and with Firmicutes genera Bacillus and Enterococcus. Length Heterogeneity-PCR (LH-PCR) electrophoretic peaks from single bacterial clones were used to setup a database representing
the bacterial endophytes identified in association with grapevine tissues. Analysis of healthy and phytoplasma-infected grapevine
plants showed that LH-PCR could be a useful complementary tool for examining the diversity of bacterial endophytes especially
for diversity survey on a large number of samples. 相似文献
9.
Swasti S. Swain Tapasi Tripathy Pradipta K. Mohapatra Pradeep K. Chand 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(2):134-141
In vitro regeneration of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) plants was achieved through callus-mediated shoot organogenesis followed by 30 d indoor ex vitro adaptation to nutritional stress under environmental ambience and thereafter 6-d outdoor acclimatization in pots prior to
field establishment. Relevant physiological parameters including pigment content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, net photosynthetic rate (P
N), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (g
s) of in vitro-regenerated plants were investigated during the course of ex vitro adaptation. During the first 4 d of indoor transplantation to potting substrate, there was a marginal reduction in the leaf
chlorophyll and carotenoid contents but P
N and E were strongly reduced. The stomatal conductance and E/P
N ratio were significantly higher in plants up to 20 d of indoor adaptation than those of comparable age grown naturally from
seeds. The shape of the OJIP fluorescence transient varied significantly with acclimatization, and the maximum change was
observed at 2.0 ms. The 2.0 ms variable fluorescence (V
j), 30 ms relative fluorescence (M
0), photon trapping probability (TR0/Abs), and photosystem II (PSII) trapping rate (TR0/RC) showed initial disturbance and subsequent stabilization during 30 d of indoor acclimatization. Energy dissipation (DI0/RC) and electron transport probability (ET0/TR0) showed an initial phase of increase during the 4 d after plants were transplanted outdoors. During the 6-d outdoor acclimatization
after transfer of plants to soil, no significant change in total chlorophylls and carotenoids, E, and g
s were observed, but P
N improved after reduction on the first d. The OJIP-derived parameters experienced change on the first d but were stabilized
quickly thereafter. There was no significant difference between outdoor acclimatized plants and those of the seed-grown plants
of comparable age with respect to photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters. Direct transfer of plants without indoor acclimatization,
however, showed a completely different trend with respect to P
N, E, and OJIP fluorescence transients. The bearing of this study on optimizing micropropagation is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is an indigenous cultivar in Japan and has several characteristics that distinguish it from European V. vinifera. In Japan, Koshu is the most popular cultivar for wine making. We report herein a cell culture established from Koshu for use as a system for the production of resveratrol and its derivatives. Grape cell culture YU-1 was developed from the apex tissues of Koshu. YU-1 growth was favorably compared with BY-2 growth, a standard cell line in plant cell biology. Stilbene production and stilbene synthesis gene expression in YU-1 were upregulated by UV-C irradiation. YU-1 irradiated with UV-C decreased hemolymph sugar levels in model animals. Taken together, this study suggests that YU-1 may be used as a source of valuable medicinal components in plant cell bioreactor systems. 相似文献
11.
There are three most important bacterial causative agents of serious infections that could be misused for warfare purposes:
Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax) is the most frequently mentioned one; however, Fracisella tularensis (causing tularemia) and Yersinia pestis (the causative agent of plague) are further bacterial agents enlisted by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention into the category A of potential biological weapons. This review intends to summarize basic information about these bacterial
agents. Military aspects of their pathogenesis and the detection techniques suitable for field use are discussed. 相似文献
12.
S. E. Dawson 《Kew Bulletin》2008,63(3):517-517
Summary The name Pavetta modesta (Hiern) S. E. Dawson is a later homonym of P. modesta Bremek. Pavetta crystalensis is proposed as a new name. 相似文献
13.
Wang Minqin Zhao Junsheng Peng Zhenying Guo Wei Wang Yun Wang Le Xia Guangmin 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,92(2):121-130
In order to investigate chromosome elimination in symmetric somatic hybridization between Bupleurum scorzonerifolium and Arabidopsis thaliana, protoplasts were isolated from suspension cultures of both A. thaliana and B. scorzonerifolium parents. Biparental protoplasts were mixed at a rate of 1.5:1 and fused with PEG-method. After protoplast fusion, the products
were cultured in the P5 liquid medium for microcallus formation. Single cell lines formed from microcalli after subculturing
on the MB1 (Xia and Chen, Plant Sci 120:197–203, 1996) solid medium. The putative somatic hybrid cell lines were identified
by cytological and molecular analysis. Of the 132 somatic cell lines generated, 16 were identified as somatic hybrids, with
the phenotypes resembled B. scorzonerifolium parent. These hybrids showed a complete set of B. scorzonerifolium chromosome and 0–2 small chromosome(s) of A. thaliana. A few of them showed nuclear and cytoplasmic SSR fragments of A. thaliana. These hybrid cell lines could differentiate to green spots, buds/leaves through complementation of regeneration ability.
The chromosomes elimination of A. thaliana was discussed.
Wang Minqin and Zhao Junsheng contributed equally to the work. 相似文献
14.
I. Rosario G. Soro S. Déniz O. Ferrer F. Acosta D. Padilla B. Acosta 《Mycopathologia》2010,169(4):315-319
Columba livia is an important reservoir and carrier of Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus uniguttulatus, Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus albidus. Upper digestive tract of this species is also known as a habitat for Cryptococcus neoformans. Given the increasing clinical interest of this microorganism, 331 swabs from crop and 174 dropping samples from pigeon lofts
in Grand Canary Island have been studied. The obtained results show an extensive presence samples 81 positive (24.47%) of
Cryptococcus spp. in analysed crops: 32 (9.66%) for C. neoformans, 24 (7.2%) for C. uniguttulatus, 23 (6.9%) for C. albidus and 2 (0.6%) for C. laurentii. In the same way, Cryptococcus spp was also isolated in 82 (47.13%), dropping samples: C. neoformans in 59 (33.9%), C. uniguttulatus, in 9 (5.17%), C. laurentii in 8 (4.59%) and C. albidus in 6 (3.44%) of the investigated samples, respectively. The cryptococcosis produced by species of cryptococci other than C. neoformans has become more important during the last decade, supporting the study on the role of pigeon in the epidemiology of this
disease. 相似文献
15.
Optimization of conditions for hydroquinone biotransformation into its β-d-glucoside, arbutin, in agitated shoot cultures of Ruta graveolens L. and Hypericum perforatum L. allowed us to obtain a maximum content of this important therapeutic and cosmetic product of 7.8 and 7.2% (dry weight),
respectively. These contents are higher than respective values required for standardization of known arbutin-containing plant
raw materials according to the European Pharmacopoeia and national pharmacopoeias of European countries. 相似文献
16.
N. Yu. Markelova 《Microbiology》2010,79(6):777-779
Interaction of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 100NCJB with bacteria Campylobacter jejuni (strains 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) and Helicobacter pylori, strain TX30a, was confirmed. The results indicate that lytic activity of bdellovibrios both in liquid media and cells attached
to a surface was observed. The potential use of the antimicrobial activity of predatory bacteria for environmental bioprotection
and public health is discussed. 相似文献
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Background
Latest research shows that small antimicrobial peptides play a role in the innate defense system of plants. These peptides typically contribute to preformed defense by developing protective barriers around germinating seeds or between different tissue layers within plant organs. The encoding genes could also be upregulated by abiotic and biotic stimuli during active defense processes. The peptides display a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Their potent anti-pathogenic characteristics have ensured that they are promising targets in the medical and agricultural biotechnology sectors. 相似文献19.
Photoinhibition of photosynthesis was investigated in control (C) and chilling night (CN) leaves of grapevine under natural
photoperiod at different sampling time in a day. The degree of photoinhibition was determined by means of the ratio of variable
to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and photosynthetic electron transport measurements. When the potential efficiency of photosystem (PS) 2, Fv/Fm was measured at midday, it markedly declined with significant increase of F0 in CN leaves. In isolated thylakoids, the rate of whole chain and PS2 activity were markedly decreased in CN leaves than
control leaves at midday. A smaller inhibition of PS1 activity was also observed in both leaf types. Later, the leaves reached
maximum PS2 efficiencies similar to those observed in the morning during sampling at evening. The artificial exogenous electron
donors diphenyl carbazide, NH2OH, and Mn2+ failed to restore the PS2 activity in both leaf types at midday. Thus CN enhanced inactivation on the acceptor side of PS2
in grapevine leaves. Quantification of the PS2 reaction centre protein D1 following midday exposure of leaves showed pronounced
differences between C and CN leaves. The marked loss of PS2 activity in CN leaves noticed in midday samples was mainly due
to the marked loss of D1 protein of the PS2 reaction centre. 相似文献
20.
Mamdouh M. Nemat Alla Abdel-Hamid A. Khedr Mamdouh M. Serag Amina Z. Abu-Alnaga Reham M. Nada 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(2):547-557
Forty-day-old seedlings of Atriplex
halimus were treated either with NaCl (50, 300 and 550 mM) for the subsequent 30 days or with 15% PEG for the subsequent 10 days.
As much as 50 mM of NaCl significantly increased shoot fresh and dry weight and height; nevertheless, 300 or 550 mM NaCl seemed
to have no effect. On the other hand, these growth parameters were not affected by drought after 3 or 6 days, but were reduced
after 10 days. The gas exchange parameters (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate) were increased
by 50 mM NaCl, but decreased by 300 and 550 mM. These parameters were decreased in response to drought only after 10 days
of withholding water. In contrast to Na+, K+ was significantly decreased by NaCl but not by drought. The time course effect revealed that phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase
(PEPC) protein was doubled in response to NaCl after 1 and 5 h and continued thereafter, higher than control, while drought
had no significant effect. Rubisco seemed unchanged by NaCl or drought. It could be concluded that the decrease in fresh weight
might be attributed to the decrease in water content. Moreover, the decrease in photosynthesis could result from a decrease
in stomatal conductance, a protective mechanism against water loss to improve water use efficiency. These findings indicate
that Atriplex
halimus tolerates NaCl and drought through decreasing growth, reducing gas exchange parameters to improve water use efficiency, uptake
Na+ and saving, if any, the photosynthetic enzyme particularly PEPC. 相似文献