白念珠菌ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株的构建及鉴定

目的构建白念珠菌ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株。方法利用In-Fusion试剂盒构建插入片段,采用醋酸锂转染法将片段同源重组至SN152基因组DNA中,采用PCR以及Western blotting方法进行验证,对验证为阳性的菌株进行生长曲线的测定及菌丝诱导实验。结果经验证,成功构建ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株,且ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌的生长增殖能力、液体菌丝形成能力与亲本菌一致。结论采用同源重组的方法成功构建稳定表达的ORF19.6012-MYC融合菌株。     

白念珠菌SPE1基因高表达菌株构建及鉴定

目的构建白念珠菌SPEl基因高表达菌株。方法将白念珠菌．SPEl基因的ORF置于高表达质粒载体pCaE—xP的MErF3启动子后面,构建pCaEXP—SPEJ的高表达质粒,然后采用醋酸锂转染法将高表达质粒转染白念珠菌RMl000中,在SD—ura’met—cys-选择性固体培养基上筛选阳性克隆,抽取基因组进行PCR验证,将验证为阳性转染子的菌落采用RealTimeRT．PCR方法进行SPE1基因转录水平的表达验证。结果通过酶切鉴定pCaEXP—SPEl高表达质粒构建正确;通过PCR验证表明SPEl基因整合到亲本菌中的RPl0位点;通过RealTimeRT—PCR方法筛选出sPEJ基因在转录水平高表达的菌株。结论利用高表达质粒载体pCaEXP通过基因同源重组等方法正确构建SPEl基因高表达的白念珠菌。     

294株白念珠菌药物敏感试验及耐药性分析

近年来,随着临床使用大量抗生素、免疫抑制剂和糖皮质激素治疗严重感染、肿瘤及自身免疫病,人体菌群失调和真菌感染发生率持续升高.同时,抗真菌药物的频繁应用亦造成真菌耐药性日益增多,真菌感染成为医院感染的主要病原体之一.真菌感染中以白念珠菌（Candida albicans）比例最高,本文对本院2012年1～12月送检的临床标本常规培养分离,共分离的白念珠菌294株,其药物敏感试验及耐药性分析如下.     

都柏林念珠菌的鉴定及与白念珠菌3种表型鉴别方法的研究

目的 从临床分离的念珠菌中进一步鉴定都柏林念珠菌,并评价3种表型鉴别白念珠菌和都柏林念珠菌的方法.方法 对17株临床分离并初步鉴定的白念珠菌和1株ATCC白念珠菌标准株,采用PHR1同源序列PCR法检测,鉴定出其中的都柏林念珠菌;分别采用45℃生长试验、YEPD(1%酵母浸膏,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖)液基39℃芽管生成试验、Staib琼脂(鸟食琼脂)厚壁孢子形成试验对两种菌的表型特点进行比较.结果 17株临床分离的白念珠菌中有3株鉴定为都柏林念珠菌;45℃时,两种菌在改良沙堡弱琼脂上均无明显生长,YEPD液基中仅有1株白念珠菌生长良好;YEPD液基39℃培养2种菌均无芽管生成;Staib琼脂培养72h,3株都柏林念珠菌中有2株可形成厚壁孢子,而白念珠菌则无,与PHR1同源序列检测结果基本一致.结论 PHR1同源序列检测是鉴别都柏林念珠菌与白念珠菌的可靠方法,Staib琼脂厚壁孢子形成试验有助于鉴别两菌,45℃生长试验和YEPD液基39℃芽管生成试验则不能有效鉴别两菌.     

重症监护病房白念珠菌耐药性8年变化趋势

目的调查上海长征医院重症监护室(ICU)近8 a中临床分离白念珠菌的耐药性变化,为临床治疗提供参考。方法上海长征医院ICU 2002～2009年从414例患者中首次分离出414株白念珠菌,对其中277株进行药敏试验。采用Cox-Stuart趋势检验回顾性分析临床分离真菌中白念珠菌所占比例变化趋势和白念珠菌对常用抗真菌药物耐药率的变化趋势。结果 2002～2009年间,上海长征医院ICU白念珠菌分离株数从2002年的34株增加至2009年的92株,但白念珠菌占总真菌分离株数的百分比维持在34.6%～55.7%,P=0.03。白念珠菌对于5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B平均耐药率分别为4.0%和0.7%,对其他常用抗真菌药的耐药率依次为咪康唑47.0%、酮康唑10.8%、伊曲康唑19.9%、特比萘芬42.6%、氟康唑14.6%及伏立康唑13.0%。白念珠菌对5-氟胞嘧啶和两性霉素B和伊曲康唑耐药率的8年变化无统计学差异。结论上海长征医院ICU近8 a来白念珠菌仍然为临床较为常见的真菌分离株,但白念珠菌占总分离株数的百分比有逐渐减少的趋势。白念珠菌对常用抗真菌药物耐药性均无明显变化趋势。     

地杆菌FLO株降解芘研究

本文研究了从海洋湿地分离的一株地杆菌(Terrabacter sp.1023)降解芘的代谢过程。通过高效液相色谱和气象色谱—质谱连用技术检测和鉴定了芘在该菌株中代谢的主要中间产物。结果发现5 ppm以上的芘对该菌株发生抑制作用,而5ppm以下的芘可以被该菌株代谢。其代谢途径为在4,5位双羟基化起始,最终通过内脂彻底矿化为二氧化碳。     

抗菌肽AMP-17抗白念珠菌作用靶点鉴定

白念珠菌(Candida albicans)是侵袭性真菌感染的主要致病性病原体。抗菌肽AMP-17有较强的抗念珠菌活性,经AMP-17作用白念珠菌后的蛋白组学结果显示,细胞壁(XOG1)和氧化应激(SRR1)蛋白基因表达差异显著,提示AMP-17可能通过影响XOG1和SRR1基因发挥其抗白念珠菌作用。为进一步探究XOG1和SRR1基因是否为AMP-17的作用靶点,本研究利用规律成簇间隔短回文重复序列相关蛋白9(clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9,CRISPR/Cas9)系统构建了白念珠菌xog1Δ/Δ和srr1Δ/Δ缺失菌;表型观察结果发现除XOG1基因缺失可影响白念珠菌的体外应激和菌丝形成,2个基因缺失对白念珠菌生长繁殖和生物膜形成无明显影响;药敏实验分析显示AMP-17对xog1Δ/Δ和srr1Δ/Δ缺失菌的MIC₈₀值从野生菌的8μg/mL增至16μg/mL,而对srr1Δ/Δ::srr1回补菌的MIC₈₀值降至野...     

禽病原性大肠杆菌aes-31基因突变株的构建和致病性鉴定

【目的】通过禽病原性大肠杆菌(APEC)aes-31突变株的构建和动物实验来初步鉴定此基因片段对E058株的毒力影响。【方法】对在芯片杂交试验中筛选到的APEC E058株体外表达差异基因片段aes-31(来自SSH方法筛选到的E058株特异片段),用SSH引物从重组质粒中扩增出目的片段,克隆到pGEM-Teasy Vector中,然后用SphⅠ和SpeⅠ从中切下此片段,将之克隆到pMEG-375自杀性载体中,构建自杀性重组质粒pMEG375-aes-31,将突变载体转化到受体菌中,再和APEC E058株进行固相杂交,根据同源重组原理,筛选出基因突变株E058(Δaes-31)。【结果】E058株和突变株的LD50没有明显差别,突变株对35日龄SPF鸡的致死率高于E058株;两者接种鸡6 h内,E058(Δaes-31)突变株在各内脏器官和血液中的细菌数和E058株差异均不显著;接种鸡24 h后,E058(Δaes-31)突变株在脾脏和肺中的细菌数显著大于E058株,差异显著,E058(Δaes-31)突变株在心脏、肝脏和血液中细菌数显著大于E058株,差异极显著;接种鸡48 h后,E058(Δaes-31)突变株在心脏、肝脏和脾脏中的细菌数比E058株多,差异极显著,而肺脏和血液中的细菌数均无明显差异;48 h后突变株所引起的感染鸡的大肠杆菌病变比亲本株稍严重。【结论】以上数据表明aes-31有可能与E058株毒力的负调控有关。     

临床分离161株念珠菌菌种鉴定及氟康唑药敏试验分析

目的调查临床分离的念珠菌种类及其对氟康唑的敏感性。方法采用科玛嘉念珠菌显色培养基和YBC平板对山东大学齐鲁医院细菌室分离到的161株念珠菌进行鉴定,并对分离出的白念珠菌分别采用NCCLS推荐的微量稀释法和ROSCO药敏纸片法对氟康唑进行药物敏感性试验。结果在161株念珠菌中白念珠菌为69．57％,热带念珠菌为19．88％,近平滑念珠菌为4．97％,克柔念珠菌为2．48％,光滑念珠菌为1．86％,其他念珠菌为1．24％。两种方法药敏结果显示：112株白念珠菌对氟康唑的敏感率分别为96．43％和97．32％,仅有2株耐药。结论白念珠菌仍然是我院分离率最高的念珠菌,其次是热带念珠菌和近平滑念珠菌。白念珠菌对氟康唑仍敏感,耐药菌株极少。     

白念珠菌V-ATPase研究进展

白念珠菌是临床最常见的条件致病真菌,V-ATPase是真核生物中高度保守的质子泵转运复合物,可以维持液泡和细胞质pH稳态.近年来,V-ATPase作为一个抗白念珠菌感染的潜在靶点为人们所关注,本文就V-ATPase抑制剂、相关的其他靶点及抑制剂筛选等方面的研究进展作一综述.     

Simple rapid identification of Candida albicans with emphasis on the differentiation between Candida albicans and Candida stellatoidea

Summary Subcultures ofC. albicans, made from Sabouraud agar, grown at room temperature for 48 hours, were inoculated into a 10 times saline dilution of Sabouraud liquid medium and left in the incubator for 45–60 minutes at 37° C, transferred to corn meal agar plates and incubated at 37° C for 18–24 hours.Small portions of the surface agar containing the yeasts from these plates were pressed under cover glasses and examined under the oil immersion lens.Under these conditions,C. albicans cultures were observed to produce only yeast-like cells, whereasC. stellatoidea cultures contained predominantly abundant, long, thin mycelia.     

Utility of albicans ID plate for rapid identification of Candida albicans in clinical samples

Albicans ID (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France) is a ready-to-use medium that contains a chromogenic substrate that allows rapid detection and specific identification of Candida albicans. We have evaluated its clinical performance by culturing 846 clinical specimens from pregnant women and neonates. A 99.2% sensitivity and a 100% specificity were observed in the identification of C. albicans isolates from primary culture.     

Efficient and rapid identification of Candida albicans allelic status using SNP-RFLP

Candida albicans is the most prevalent opportunistic fungal pathogen in the clinical setting, causing a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from superficial mucosal lesions to life-threatening deep-tissue infections. Recent studies provide strong evidence that C. albicans possesses an arsenal of genetic mechanisms promoting genome plasticity and that it uses these mechanisms under conditions of nutritional or antifungal drug stress. Two microarray-based methods, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and comparative genome hybridization arrays, have been developed to study genome changes in C. albicans . However, array technologies can be relatively expensive and are not available to every laboratory. In addition, they often generate more data than needed to analyze specific genomic loci or regions. Here, we have developed a set of SNP-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (or PCR-RFLP) markers, two per chromosome arm, for C. albicans . These markers can be used to rapidly and accurately detect large-scale changes in the C. albicans genome including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at single loci, across chromosome arms or across whole chromosomes. Furthermore, skewed SNP-RFLP allelic ratios are indicative of trisomy at heterozygous loci. While less comprehensive than array-based approaches, we propose SNP-RFLP as an inexpensive, rapid, and reliable method to screen strains of interest for possible genome changes.     

A combination rapid and standard method for identification of Candida albicans

A medium consisting of an aqueous extract of zein, lactose, and Tween 80 is used together with an overlay of 1 % Tween 80 and coverslipping to provide a combined rapid (germ tube) and standard (chlamydospore) method for diagnosis ofCandida albicans. The method is exquisitely sensitive for diagnosis ofC. albicans but lumps chlamydospore-producing strains ofC. tropicalis withC. albicans.     

Evaluation of Chromalbicans Agar for presumptive identification of Candida albicans

The utility of Chromalbicans Agar (Biolife Italiana, Milano, Italy) was evaluated with 723 clinical isolates and type culture collection strains from different genera including Candida, Cryptococcus, Pichia, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Trichosporon y Zygosaccharomyces. Presumptive identification was confirmed by germ tube test and carbohydrate assimilation on API-ATB ID 32C (bioMerieux, France). Growth on Chromalbicans Agar was very useful for the presumptive identification of C. albicans isolates, and sensitivity and specificity values were significantly high (>97%), since a very low number of isolates were found to be false negative or false positive.