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1.
WenBin Xu Atsushi Iwasawa Masato Yayota 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):90
Introduction
Early experience with low-quality roughage has the potential to improve its utilization in ruminants.Objectives
This study determined the effects of early experience with low-quality roughage on dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW) and the hepatic metabolism of lambs.Methods
Ten lambs (3 month old) were randomly allocated to two treatments: the low-quality roughage group (LR) or the control group (C). The study lasted 7 months. In the first 4 months, LR was fed low-quality roughage, whereas C was fed normal roughage. In the last 3 months, both groups were fed low-quality roughage. Dry matter intake (DMI) was determined at the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th months (P1, P2, P3 and P4). Analysis of liver tissue metabolomics were carried out in P2 and P3.Results
DMI was greater in LR than C in P1 (p?<?0.05), but did not differ in P2. In P3 and P4, DMI was greater in LR than in C (p?<?0.01). The concentration of five glycolysis/gluconeogenesis intermediates, some lipid metabolism-related metabolites, six amino acids and several amino acid metabolism-related metabolites were different between treatments in P2. From P2 to P3, concentrations of these metabolites changed in LR. However, no difference was found between treatments in P3.Conclusion
Feeding low-quality roughage to lambs early in life influenced hepatic glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation and amino acid metabolism. However, for lambs who had no early experience with low-quality roughage, similar alterations were induced in the liver after 1 month of eating low-quality roughage.2.
Background
This study estimates atrial repolarization activities (Ta waves), which are typically hidden most of the time from body surface electrocardiography when diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. The morphology of Ta waves has been proven to be an important marker for the early sign of inferior injury, such as acute atrial infarction, or arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation. However, Ta waves are usually unseen except during conduction system malfunction, such as long QT interval or atrioventricular block. Therefore, justifying heart diseases based on atrial repolarization becomes impossible in sinus rhythm.Methods
We obtain TMPs in the atrial part of the myocardium which reflects the correct excitation sequence starting from the atrium to the end of the apex.Results
The resulting TMP shows the hidden atrial part of ECG waves.Conclusions
This extraction makes many diseases, such as acute atrial infarction or arrhythmia, become easily diagnosed.3.
S. A. M. Compiet R. T. A. Willemsen K. T. S. Konings H. E. J. H. Stoffers 《Netherlands heart journal》2018,26(7-8):377-384
Background
Performing electrocardiography is common in general practice, but the quality of indication setting and diagnostic accuracy have been disputed.Objectives
To assess the competence of general practitioners (GPs) in their decision-making process with regard to recording and interpreting an electrocardiogram (ECG) and evaluating the relevance of the result for management.Methods
An online case vignette survey was performed among GPs and cardiologists (in 2015). Nine cases describing situations for which Dutch clinical guidelines recommend or advise against recording an ECG were presented. In each case, the participant had to make choices on recording an ECG, interpreting it, and using the result in a management decision. The reference standard for each ECG diagnosis was set by the expert author team.Results
Fifty GPs who interpret ECGs themselves, eight GPs who do not and 12 cardiologists completed the survey. Adherence to guidelines recommending an ECG was high for suspected atrial fibrillation, suspected arrhythmia present during consultation, including bradycardia, but much lower for progressive heart failure and stable angina. Diagnostic accuracy of GPs was best in atrial fibrillation (96%), sick sinus syndrome (85%) and old myocardial infarction (82%), but poor in left anterior fascicular block (16%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (10%). GPs often acknowledged the low relevance of the results of a non-indicated ECG.Conclusion
GPs do not fully adhere to Dutch cardiovascular guidelines on indications for recording ECGs. Diagnostic accuracy was high for atrial fibrillation, sick sinus syndrome and old myocardial infarction and poor for left anterior fascicular block and incomplete right bundle branch block.4.
Andreas Entenmann Miriam Michel Bruno Ismer Roman Gebauer 《Biomedical engineering online》2017,16(1):139
Background
R-wave synchronised atrial pacing is an effective temporary pacing therapy in infants with postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia. In the technique currently used, adverse short or long intervals between atrial pacing and ventricular sensing (AP–VS) may be observed during routine clinical practice.Objectives
The aim of the study was to analyse outcomes of R-wave synchronised atrial pacing and the relationship between maximum tracking rates and AP–VS intervals.Methods
Calculated AP–VS intervals were compared with those predicted by experienced pediatric cardiologist.Results
A maximum tracking rate (MTR) set 10 bpm higher than the heart rate (HR) may result in undesirable short AP–VS intervals (minimum 83 ms). A MTR set 20 bpm above the HR is the hemodynamically better choice (minimum 96 ms). Effects of either setting on the AP–VS interval could not be predicted by experienced observers. In our newly proposed technique the AP–VS interval approaches 95 ms for HR > 210 bpm and 130 ms for HR < 130 bpm. The progression is linear and decreases strictly (? 0.4 ms/bpm) between the two extreme levels.Conclusions
Adjusting the AP–VS interval in the currently used technique is complex and may imply unfavorable pacemaker settings. A new pacemaker design is advisable to allow direct control of the AP–VS interval.5.
Vilius Kviesulaitis Aras Puodziukynas Dainius Haroldas Pauza Vytautas Zabiela Tomas Kazakevicius Raimundas Vaitkevicius Evaldas Diržinauskas Vytenis Semaška Antanas Strazdas Ruta Unikaite Kristina Rysevaite Neringa Pauziene Remigijus Zaliunas 《BMC cardiovascular disorders》2017,17(1):292
Background
Ganglionated plexuses (GP) are terminal parts of cardiac autonomous nervous system (ANS). Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) possibly affects GP. Changes in heart rate variability (HRV) after RFA can reflect ANS modulation.Methods
Epicardial RFA of GP on the left atrium (LA) was performed under the general anesthesia in 15 mature Romanov sheep. HRV was used to assess the alterations in autonomic regulation of the heart. A 24???hour ECG monitoring was performed before the ablation, 2 days after it and at each of the 12 following months. Ablation sites were evaluated histologically.Results
There was an instant change in HRV parameters after the ablation. A standard deviation of all intervals between normal QRS (SDNN), a square root of the mean of the squared differences between successive normal QRS intervals (RMSSD) along with HRV triangular index (TI), low frequency (LF) power and high frequency (HF) power decreased, while LF/HF ratio increased. Both the SDNN, LF power and the HF power changes persisted throughout the 12???month follow???up. Significant decrease in RMSSD persisted only for 3 months, HRV TI for 6 months and increase in LF/HF ratio for 7 months of the follow???up. Afterwards these three parameters were not different from the preprocedural values.Conclusions
Epicardial RFA of GP’s on the ovine left atrium has lasting effect on the main HRV parameters (SDNN, HF power and LF power). The normalization of RMSSD, HRV TI and LF/HF suggests that HRV after epicardial RFA of GPs on the left atrium might restore over time.6.
N. Cesbron A.-L. Royer Y. Guitton A. Sydor B. Le Bizec G. Dervilly-Pinel 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(8):99
Introduction
Collecting feces is easy. It offers direct outcome to endogenous and microbial metabolites.Objectives
In a context of lack of consensus about fecal sample preparation, especially in animal species, we developed a robust protocol allowing untargeted LC-HRMS fingerprinting.Methods
The conditions of extraction (quantity, preparation, solvents, dilutions) were investigated in bovine feces.Results
A rapid and simple protocol involving feces extraction with methanol (1/3, M/V) followed by centrifugation and a step filtration (10 kDa) was developed.Conclusion
The workflow generated repeatable and informative fingerprints for robust metabolome characterization.7.
Background
In recent years the visualization of biomagnetic measurement data by so-called pseudo current density maps or Hosaka-Cohen (HC) transformations became popular.Methods
The physical basis of these intuitive maps is clarified by means of analytically solvable problems.Results
Examples in magnetocardiography, magnetoencephalography and magnetoneurography demonstrate the usefulness of this method.Conclusion
Hardware realizations of the HC-transformation and some similar transformations are discussed which could advantageously support cross-platform comparability of biomagnetic measurements.8.
Background
Integrated bedside and sophisticated cardiac imaging techniques help characterize the discrepancy between myocardial injury and mechanic dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction.Case presentation
A 57 year-old woman presented with sudden onset chest pain and ventricular fibrillation after hearing of her brother’s death. The electrocardiography indicated “anterior wall ST segment elevation myocardial infarction”. Coronary angiography ruled out obstructive lesion in the major coronary arteries, but revealed fibromuscular dysplasia of the distal left anterior descending artery. The ventriculography showed remarkable ventricular dilation, which affected much broader myocardium than the culprit vessel supplied. In a subsequent cardiac magnetic resonance study, delayed contrast (gadolinium) image revealed a focal left ventricular (LV) apical infarction. Her LV systolic function normalized within 1 week, except for a residual apical hypokinesis. She developed recurrent chest pain and LV dilation when she was laid off 9 months later. After supportive therapy, her symptoms improved and LV dysfunction normalized again.Conclusions
“Tako-tsubo” syndrome can occur recurrently in the heart with pre-existing localized myocardial infarction. Its molecular mechanism and clinical significance warrants further investigation.9.
Xiaomeng Yang Shuya Li Xingquan Zhao Liping Liu Yong Jiang Zixiao Li Yilong Wang Yongjun Wang 《BMC neurology》2017,17(1):207
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to be a less frequent cause of ischemic stroke in China than in Europe and North America, but it is not clear whether this is due to underestimation. Our aim was to define the true frequency of AF-associated stroke, to determine the yield of 6-day Holter ECG to detect AF in Chinese stroke patients, and to elucidate predictors of newly detected AF.Methods
Patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 6-day Holter monitoring within 7 days after stroke onset at 20 sites in China between 2013 and 2015. Independent predictors of newly-detected AF were determined by multivariate analysis.Results
Among 1511 patients with ischemic stroke and TIA (mean age 63 years, 33.1% women), 305 (20.2%) had either previously known (196, 13.0%) or AF newly-detected by electrocardiography (53, 3.5%) or by 6-day Holter monitoring (56/1262, 4.4%). A history of heart failure (OR?=?4.70, 95%CI, 1.64–13.5), advanced age (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI, 1.04–1.09), NIHSS at admission (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI, 1.02–1.10), blood high density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR?=?1.52, 95%CI, 1.09–2.13), together with blood triglycerides (OR?=?0.64, 95%CI, 0.45–0.91) were independently associated with newly-detected AF.Conclusions
Contrary to previous reports, AF-associated stroke is frequent (20%) in China if systemically sought. Prolonged noninvasive cardiac rhythm monitoring importantly increases AF detection in patients with recent ischemic stroke and TIA in China. Advanced age, history of heart failure, and higher admission NIHSS and higher level of HDL were independent indicators of newly-detected AF.Trial registration
NCT02156765 (June 5, 2014).10.
Background
Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18, alpha L beta 2) is required for many cellular adhesive interactions during the immune response.Results
The Capra hircus CD11a-encoding cDNA was sequenced and compared with its human, murine, rat, bovine and ovine counterparts. Despite some focal differences, it shares all the main characteristics of its known mammalian homologues.Conclusion
Therefore, along with the caprine CD18-encoding cDNA, which has been available for a few months, the sequence data revealed here will allow the Capra hircus LFA-1 expression in vitro as a tool to explore the specificities of inflammation in the caprine species.11.
Objective
To protect the enzymes during fed-batch cellulase production by means of partial enzyme recovery at regular intervals.Results
Extracellular enzymes were partially recovered at the intervals of 1, 2, or 3 days. Mycelia were also removed to avoid contamination. Increases in the total harvested cellulase (24–62%) and β-glucosidase (22–76%) were achieved. In fermentor cultivation when the enzymes were recovered every day with 15% culture broth. The total harvested cellulase and β-glucosidase activity increased by 43 and 58%, respectively, with fungal cell concentration maintained at 3.5–4.5 g l?1.Conclusion
Enzyme recovery at regular intervals during fed-batch cellulase cultivation could protect the enzyme in the culture broth and enhance the enzyme production when the fungal cell concentration is maintained in a reasonable range.12.
Monte S. Willis Amro Ilaiwy Megan D. Montgomery Paul C. Simpson Brian C. Jensen 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2016,12(10):155
Introduction
Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with three highly homologous subtypes (α1A, α1B, and α1D). Of these three subtypes, only the α1A and α1B are expressed in the heart. Multiple pre-clinical models of heart injury demonstrate cardioprotective roles for the α1A. Non-selective α1-AR activation promotes glycolysis in the heart, but the functional α1-AR subtype and broader metabolic effects have not been studied.Objectives
Given the high metabolic demands of the heart and previous evidence indicating benefit from α1A activation, we chose to investigate the effects of α1A activation on the cardiac metabolome in vivo.Methods
Mice were treated for 1 week with a low, subpressor dose of A61603, a highly selective and potent α1A agonist. Cardiac tissue and serum were analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach.Results
We identified previously unrecognized metabolic responses to α1A activation, most notably broad reduction in the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and endocannabinoids (ECs).Conclusion
Given the well characterized roles of PUFAs and ECs in inflammatory pathways, these findings suggest a possible role for cardiac α1A-ARs in the regulation of inflammation and may offer novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective benefit of selective pharmacologic α1A activation.13.
Rachel A. Spicer Christoph Steinbeck 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):16
Introduction
Data sharing is being increasingly required by journals and has been heralded as a solution to the ‘replication crisis’.Objectives
(i) Review data sharing policies of journals publishing the most metabolomics papers associated with open data and (ii) compare these journals’ policies to those that publish the most metabolomics papers.Methods
A PubMed search was used to identify metabolomics papers. Metabolomics data repositories were manually searched for linked publications.Results
Journals that support data sharing are not necessarily those with the most papers associated to open metabolomics data.Conclusion
Further efforts are required to improve data sharing in metabolomics.14.
Yonghua Xu Xiangmin Wang Surong Jiang Chen Men Di Xu Yan Guo Jun Wu 《Cellular & molecular biology letters》2018,23(1):50
Background
Microcystins are waterborne environmental toxins that induce oxidative stress and cause injuries in the heart. On the other hand, many physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, are under precise control by the mammalian circadian clock.Results
In the present study, we evaluated the effect of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) on the rhythmic expression patterns of circadian and antioxidant genes in rat cardiomyocytes using the serum shock technique. We found that a non-toxic dose (10 μm) of MC-LR decreased the amplitudes of rhythmic patterns of clock genes, while it increased the expression levels of antioxidant genes.Conclusions
Our results indicate an influence of MC-LR on the circadian clock system and clock-controlled antioxidant genes, which will shed some light on the explanation of heart toxicity induced by MC-LR from the viewpoint of chronobiology.15.
Dorothea Lesche Vilborg Sigurdardottir Alexander B. Leichtle Christos T. Nakas Uwe Christians Lars Englberger Martin Fiedler Carlo R. Largiadèr Paul Mohacsi Johanna Sistonen 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(1):3
Introduction
The immunosuppressive therapy with everolimus (ERL) after heart transplantation is characterized by a narrow therapeutic window and a substantial variability in dose requirement. Factors explaining this variability are largely unknown.Objectives
Our aim was to evaluate factors affecting ERL metabolism and to identify novel metabolites associated with the individual ERL dose requirement to elucidate mechanisms underlying ERL dose response variability.Method
We used liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for quantification of ERL metabolites in 41 heart transplant patients and evaluated the effect of clinical and genetic factors on ERL pharmacokinetics. Non-targeted plasma metabolic profiling by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and high resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify novel metabolites associated with ERL dose requirement.Results
The determination of ERL metabolites revealed differences in metabolite patterns that were independent from clinical or genetic factors. Whereas higher ERL dose requirement was associated with co-administration of sodium-mycophenolic acid and the CYP3A5 expressor genotype, lower dose was required for patients receiving vitamin K antagonists. Global metabolic profiling revealed several novel metabolites associated with ERL dose requirement. One of them was identified as lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) (16:0/0:0). Subsequent targeted analysis revealed that high levels of several lysoPCs were significantly associated with higher ERL dose requirement.Conclusion
For the first time, this study describes distinct ERL metabolite patterns in heart transplant patients and detected potentially new drug–drug interactions. The global metabolic profiling facilitated the discovery of novel metabolites associated with ERL dose requirement that might represent new clinically valuable biomarkers to guide ERL therapy.16.
Jamie V. de Seymour Stephanie Tu Xiaoling He Hua Zhang Ting-Li Han Philip N. Baker Karolina Sulek 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(6):79
Introduction
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a common maternal liver disease; development can result in devastating consequences, including sudden fetal death and stillbirth. Currently, recognition of ICP only occurs following onset of clinical symptoms.Objective
Investigate the maternal hair metabolome for predictive biomarkers of ICP.Methods
The maternal hair metabolome (gestational age of sampling between 17 and 41 weeks) of 38 Chinese women with ICP and 46 pregnant controls was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Results
Of 105 metabolites detected in hair, none were significantly associated with ICP.Conclusion
Hair samples represent accumulative environmental exposure over time. Samples collected at the onset of ICP did not reveal any metabolic shifts, suggesting rapid development of the disease.17.
Benjamin H Natelson Roxann Intriligator Neil S Cherniack Helena K Chandler Julian M Stewart 《Dynamic medicine : DM》2007,6(1):2
Context
Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome and those with orthostatic intolerance share many symptoms, yet questions exist as to whether CFS patients have physiological evidence of orthostatic intolerance.Objective
To determine if some CFS patients have increased rates of orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, or hypocapnia relative to age-matched controls.Design
Assess blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, end tidal CO2 and visual analog scales for orthostatic symptoms when supine and when standing for 8 minutes without moving legs.Setting
Referral practice and research center.Participants
60 women and 15 men with CFS and 36 women and 4 men serving as age matched controls with analyses confined to 62 patients and 35 controls showing either normal orthostatic testing or a physiological abnormal test.Main outcome measures
Orthostatic tachycardia; orthostatic hypotension; orthostatic hypertension; orthostatic hypocapnia or combinations thereof.Results
CFS patients had higher rates of abnormal tests than controls (53% vs 20%, p < .002), but rates of orthostatic tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, and orthostatic hypertension did not differ significantly between patients and controls (11.3% vs 5.7%, 6.5% vs 2.9%, 19.4% vs 11.4%, respectively). In contrast, rates of orthostatic hypocapnia were significantly higher in CFS than in controls (20.6% vs 2.9%, p < .02). This CFS group reported significantly more feelings of illness and shortness of breath than either controls or CFS patients with normal physiological tests.Conclusion
A substantial number of CFS patients have orthostatic intolerance in the form of orthostatic hypocapnia. This allows subgrouping of patients with CFS and thus reduces patient pool heterogeneity engendered by use of a clinical case definition.18.
Introduction
Untargeted metabolomics is a powerful tool for biological discoveries. To analyze the complex raw data, significant advances in computational approaches have been made, yet it is not clear how exhaustive and reliable the data analysis results are.Objectives
Assessment of the quality of raw data processing in untargeted metabolomics.Methods
Five published untargeted metabolomics studies, were reanalyzed.Results
Omissions of at least 50 relevant compounds from the original results as well as examples of representative mistakes were reported for each study.Conclusion
Incomplete raw data processing shows unexplored potential of current and legacy data.19.
Medium chain fatty acids in intrauterine growth restricted and small for gestational age pregnancies
Silvia Visentin Sara Crotti Elena Donazzolo Sara D’Aronco Donato Nitti Erich Cosmi Marco Agostini 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(5):54
Introduction
Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes in adult life. Fetal growth is determined by nutrient availability, which is related to placenta nutrient transport. Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are a particular class of nutrients, known to be a readily available energy source. Until now no data are reported on these MCFAs in low birth weight fetus.Aim
This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary center of prenatal diagnosis to investigate the maternal and fetal MCFAs levels in appropriate for gestational age (AGA), intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR), and small for gestational age (SGA) pregnancies.Method
The plasmatic levels of MCFAs in AGA, IUGR and SGA mother–infant pairs were quantified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The analytical method had a linearity range of 0.1–50 mg/L and a limit of quantification of 0.03 mg/L. Reduced fetal growth was defined as an estimated fetal weight below the 3rd–10th percentile for gestational age, with (IUGR) or without (SGA) fetal Doppler abnormalities.Result
Maternal and fetal MCFAs plasma levels were significantly different among SGA, IUGR and AGA groups. Additionally, the observed MCFAs fetal to maternal ratio is >1 for IUGR group, whilst for SGA and AGA the fetal to maternal ratio is less than one.Conclusion
Changes in MCFAs levels in fetal and maternal plasma are not related to placental functionality or nutrients availability, suggesting the presence of a de novo biosynthesis.20.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133