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Analysis of the amino acid composition of the hemocyanins from six species of the Astacidae, belonging to the Astacinae and the Cambarinae, shows that these respiratory pigments present a great deal of homology. This slight differentiation does not allow us to reconstruct the scheme of classification of the Astacidae into two sub-families. Comparison with the hemocyanins of two terrestrial Isopods and two marine Decapods leads to a dendrogram in which two groups of species are distinguished. The former comprises the freshwater crayfishes and the Isopods, the latter includes the marine Decapods. Such a separation can be explained by the importance of the mode of life and the development of respiratory adaptations for air-breathing, independently of the taxonomic position of the studied species.  相似文献   

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G. Lucotte 《Human genetics》1980,54(1):97-102
Summary The electrophoretic mobilities of serum enzymes and other proteins were investigated at 35 loci in 25 unrelated individuals of the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes. In this population the mean average of individual polymorphism is =0181, and the average level of heterozygoty =0.022. The same pattern of individual variability is found in Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens.  相似文献   

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Michel Roux 《Geobios》1978,11(2):213-241
Stalked Crinoids are generaly rheophilic. The shape of the skeleton parts depends on morphofunctional connections. The various fossil and recent species of Millericrinida permit a discussion of the morphology of the calyx and the stem, their variability and their ontogeny. Several examples are investigate with details: Apiocrinus. Millericrinus, Conocrinus, Democrinus and Bourgueticrinus. The stem characteristics are the most constant and significant for systematics. The architecture of the calyx and its morphology are strongly variable in a taxon. Their evolution rate is often hight, but to disclose it an analysis and a comparison between some populations with numerous specimens is necessary.  相似文献   

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Résumé Des expériences d'associations d'épithélium gastrique de foetus de Lapin et de mésenchyme homologue ou hétérologue, partielles ou par membrane filtrante interposée, mettent en évidence l'existence de deux types de facteurs inducteurs.Le premier facteur induit la morphogenèse de l'épithélium. Il est thermostable et hautement diffusible.Le deuxième facteur, organospécifique, est plus ou moins favorable à la différenciation de l'épithélium gastrique suivant la nature du mésenchyme. Faiblement diffusible et thermolabile, il est élaboré dans la phase cytoplasmique des cellules mésenchymateuses.
Action and properties of inductive factors proceeding from gastric and heterologous mesenchymes
Summary Experimental associations of gastric epithelium of the Rabbit foetus with homologous or heterologous mesenchyme, separated by membrane filter or partially associated, permit us to prove the existence of two types of inductors.The first factor induces the epithelial morphogenesis. It is thermostable and highly diffusible.The second factor, organospecific, is more or less favorable to the differentiation of the gastric epithelium according to the nature of the mesenchyme. Lightly diffusible and thermolabile, it is elaborated in the cytoplasmic phase of the mesenchymal cells.
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Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is the most used practice in breast cancer, in absence of clinical or radiological evidence of node metastasis for stage T0, T1 and T2 until 3 cm tumours. About 20,000 patients each year could benefit from a SLN biopsy in France. Nevertheless, the mean rate of second surgical procedure is of 10 to 17%. Two techniques (OSNA® et GeneSearch?) are actually available in France. Their principle is based upon an intraoperative diagnosis of the presence or absence of metastasis in the SLN, using a rapid, quantitative, accurate molecular assay. The literature shows that those tests have the advantage of being more sensitive (frequently greater than 95%) than the classical techniques of frozen section diagnosis. The concordance with histopathological examination is high too (> 90%). For some of the patients, these techniques avoid a second surgery, reduce the cost of the management and shorten the initiation of treatment. In the future, this approach could become a standard.  相似文献   

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Labelled blood cells permit nuclear medicine imaging using their physiological behaviours. The radiolabeling must be performed in vitro because of the lack of specific markers and requires several highly technical stages of preparation. Labelled blood cells have not the medication drug status, so that the nuclear physician conducting the nuclear test is fully liable. In most cases, the physician delegates the technical responsibility to radiopharmacists. Although the status of radiolabelled autologous cells is not legally defined and in the absence of a specific repository, it is essential that their preparation is subject to the requirements of the rules of French Good Manufacturing Practice published by Agence française de sécurité sanitaire des produits de santé (Afssaps). It would be desirable to harmonize the practices of radiolabeling cellular blood components by editing a repository.  相似文献   

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Conclusion Ce travail a pour but de montrer l'importance de l'action de l'aneurine comme facteur de croissance; les différentes hypothèses relatives à l'absorption et à l'utilisation de cette vitamine sont discutées. L'hypothèse d'une resynthèse de l'aneurine est admise; cependant en considérant critiquement la question, à l'aide des données fournies par tous les microorganismes étudiés, on constate qu'un certain nombre de faits sont encore à expliquer si l'on veut justifier cette hypothèse; dans certains cas, la possibilité d'une action séparée des deux constituants peut être envisagée.En accord avec l'intervention possible de l'aneurine comme catalyseur d'oxydo-réduction, le thiazol semble spécialement important.On est en droit de parler d'un métabolisme des facteurs de croissance.L'étude de la plante supérieure, qui synthétise elle-même son aneurine indispensable peut nous apporter des arguments importants sur le métabolisme et la biosynthèse de l'aneurine. Toutes ces considérations sont basées sur l'étude de l'aneurine seule; nous savons pourtant que dans beaucoup de cas, elle agit de concert avec d'autres facteurs de croissance.  相似文献   

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A higher survival rate and faster wound healing in dogs on a controlled and well-balanced diet have been demonstrated when compared with those not under dietetic control.Electrophoretic comparison of serum proteins was carried out in two groups of dogs. The first was on a well-controlled and well-balanced diet; the second group received an uncontrolled diet. The dogs in Group 2 had a lower concentration of total proteins, and globulins, especially gamma-globulins, were diminished; however, the serum albumin was higher. The albumin/globulin ratio was 0.93 in Group 1 and 2.07 in Group 2.Serum electrolyte levels also showed some slight differences. Sodium and potassium levels were higher in well-nourished dogs, while chloride and bicarbonates were slightly lower.  相似文献   

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Résumé Les chromosomes des Péridiniens restent bien individualisés en général pendant la durée complète du cycle d'interphase; leur ultrastructure a été élucidée en utilisant quatre espèces libres, symbiotique ou parasite. Dans ces divers matériels, les chromosomes apparaissent constitués de fibrilles disposées en bandes successives d'arceaux ainsi que plusieurs auteurs l'avaient déjà observé. Un modèle géométrique est présenté de manière à faire comprendre la raison des aspects en arceaux obtenus en coupe fine. La direction moyenne des filaments dans un petit élément de volume (dont la plus grande dimension ne dépasse pas 200 Å) est perpendiculaire à l'axe du chromosome; cette direction des filaments est constante dans une coupe transversale et tourne progressivement le long de l'axe chromosomien (un demi-tour ou 180° pour 1000 à 1500 Å). Ce modèle est compatible avec des échanges de filaments entre des plans transversaux distincts puisque seules les directions moyennes ont été considérées. Plusieurs facteurs ont été étudiés pour leurs effets sur les images ultrastructurales. L'arrangement des filaments dans les chromosomes est comparé à la structure de certains cristaux liquides. Une discussion mathématique est présentée dans l'annexe et permet d'estimer la validité du modèle et conduit à une interprétation de certains caractères morphologiques des chromosomes.
The chromosomes of Dinoflagellates are generally visible throughout the complete cycle of the nucleus; their ultrastructure has been worked out in four free-living, symbiotic and parasitic species respectively. In all these materials, chromosomes are made of fibrils arranged in bands of bow-shaped lines as previously described by various authors. A geometrical model is given and explains the bowshaped appearance on thin sections. Average direction of filaments in a small volume (the biggest dimension not greater than 200 Å) is normal to the chromosome axis; this direction is constant in a transverse section and gradually rotates about the chromosome axis (one half turn or 180° for 1000 to 1500 Å). This model is compatible with filaments interweaving between transverse planes, because only the average directions have been considered. The effect of many factors has been studied in the ultrastructural pictures. The arrangement of filaments in the chromosomes is compared with the structure of certain liquid crystals. A mathematical discussion is developed in the appendix and allows an estimate of the validity of the model and an interpretation of some of the morphological features of the chromosomes.
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