纳豆中抗氧化肽的分离纯化与活性研究

从发酵的纳豆中提取具有抗氧化活性的多肽,通过分子筛层析和反相高效液相色谱对纳豆上清液进行分离纯化,并采用电喷雾串联质谱进行结构鉴定.结果表明:纳豆发酵后的蛋白(多肽)混合物经Sephadex G-50凝胶色谱进行分离纯化后得到3个组分(F1、F2和F3),其中组分F3的抗氧化活性最强,总还原力达到(8.4±0.6)mm...     

从癌性腹水中分离Ⅲ型前胶原氨基末端肽

采用(NH₄)₂SO₄沉淀,二次不同pH的DEAE-Sephacel离子交换柱层析及Sephacryl S-200分子筛柱层析从人癌性腹水中分离并纯化了PⅢP,并制备了抗血清。经SDS-PAGE鉴定为均一蛋白带,分子量约为47kD。经西德药盒测定,与西德、芬兰PⅢP抑制曲线平行关系良好。氨基酸组成测定亦与文献报道基本一致。抗血清效价较高,特异性强。本研究在方法学上有一定创新,提纯方法简便易行。     

大蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌液中抗菌活性肽的分离纯化及其性质

通过ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５,Ｇ－５０和Ｇ－２５洗脱等步骤,从云南产大蹼铃蟾（Ｂｏｍｂｉｎａｍａｘｉｎａ）皮肤分泌中分离得到了一种有广泛抗菌活性的多肽,被命名为ＭＳＰ－Ⅶ,用快原子轰击质谱（ｆ．ａ．ｂ．ｍ．ｓ）分析其Ｍ＋／Ｚ＝２６４８。即此活性肽的分子量为２６４７Ｄ。用自动氨基酸分析仪分析,含有２６个氨基酸,抗菌实验结果表明,此多肽对格兰氏阴性和格兰氏阳性细胞以及真菌都有较强的抗菌活性,溶血实验表     

重组人胰岛素制备过程中转肽工艺的研究

目的：酵母表达体系制备重组人胰岛素的工艺中,转肽反应属于酶促半合成反应,过程复杂,成本高昂,通过实验研究提高反应效率,降低反应成本。方法：通过优化转肽反应中胰蛋白酶和双保护苏氨酸（Thr（But）OBut）的比例,寻找有利的反应条件,为进一步的条件确定奠定基础;从提高转肽反应物的反应效率出发,调整工艺顺序,将一步转肽反应调整为两步转肽反应;以胰蛋白酶和双保护苏氨酸两种反应物,进行综合成本分析比较;同时采用药典方法测定两种不同工艺制备的重组人胰岛素,进行生物活性的比较分析。结果：通过实验研究,一步转肽反应的收率最高可以达到74%,而两步转肽收率的收率最高可以达到90%;两步转肽反应相比一步转肽反应,酶量减少70%,双保护苏氨酸的使用量降低62.5%,同时提高了转肽反应中胰岛素原的反应浓度,达到12.5 mM,有着进一步开发的潜质;生物活性测定两种工艺生产的重组人胰岛素均符合中国药典的要求。结论：两步转肽反应对比一步转肽反应,提高了反应效率,产物的纯度较高,降低了反应的成本,有利于提高国产胰岛素的市场竞争力。     

血管活性肠肽与乙酰胆碱在自主神经内共存问题的探讨（综述）

近年的实验曾指出血管活性肠肽(VIP)与乙酰胆碱(ACh)在自主神经中共存共释,并随之提出一系列新的受体理论。然而,因当时技术条件所限,上述实验并不准确。笔者去年首次证明.至少在脑血管中这两种神经递质在绝大多数副交感神经纤维中不共存。但是,VIP和胆碱能纤维之间却关系密切,使之不但可以直接,而且可以间接地相互影响脑血管张力。 单个神经元只产生和释放单一种神经递质的概念曾被普遍接受并被视为神经科学之经典学说。上述概念还被称为Dale法则。随着神经研究技术手段的发展,不少实验资料显示,电刺激神经纤维时,常可同时检测到多种神经递质被释放出来,从而使这一法则受到严峻挑战。某些形态学和生物化学实验结果更具体指出,一些肽类神经递质如血管活性肠肽(简称VIP)     

有关免疫组织化学技术方法若干问题的探讨

免疫组织化学技术操作过程中经常可碰到的问题有：切片由于各种原因所引起的松动卷起甚至掉片,造成操作的失败;最后的结果背景较深,难与阳性物进行鉴别和判断;如何判断每一批免疫组织化学最后的反应结果的准确性和可靠性等等。本文根据上述问题,深入地探讨了其发生的原因以及提出了如何处理的方法,尤其是对如何判断免疫组织化学显色结果,并详细地介绍了各种方法     

褐飞虱中肠内膜结合短肽P2S的筛选

筛选与褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens中肠内膜相结合的短肽, 探索能阻断褐飞虱传播水稻病毒的新方法。【方法】通过改良的膜饲喂法和噬菌体短肽文库展示技术, 模拟褐飞虱正常取食的行为, 筛选能够与其中肠内膜结合的短肽。将筛选到的短肽与加强绿色荧光蛋白进行融合表达, 经纯化后, 将融合蛋白饲喂给褐飞虱若虫, 通过荧光显微镜观察饲喂后若虫的中肠。【结果】使用改良的膜饲喂法, 16 h后褐飞虱若虫的取食率达到91%, 24 h后达到95%。经形态学验证, 确定了一种短肽与褐飞虱中肠内膜具有结合活性, 并将其命名为P2S。【结论】改良了针对褐飞虱的膜饲喂法, 筛选并验证了能够与褐飞虱中肠内膜结合的活性短肽P2S。研究结果为阻断相关的水稻病毒与褐飞虱中肠内膜间的相互作用研究提供了科学依据, 也为褐飞虱新型膜穿孔毒素蛋白的研究提供了理论基础。     

有关营养繁殖技术在林业育苗中运用的探讨

进入21世纪以来,人们越来越重视自然环境的改善和自然资源的保护,植树造林便是改善自然环境的优选方法之一,同时,这给植树造林工作的发展带来了新的机遇。但是由于以往传统的林业育苗技术的成活率比较低,严重的影响了造林绿化的工作的成效,目前,随着我国造林绿化工作大范围地开展,所需要的苗木数量也在不断地增多,迫不及待地要求林业生产部门培育出大量的满足成活率较高、幼树在生长初期成长较快、根系比较发达、高度比较适宜、抗逆性强等特点的优质苗木。本文就是对营养繁殖技术在林业育苗中的运用进行了简单探讨。     

集装箱运输锯材现场检查中有关技术问题探讨

本文针对林业检查站在集装箱运输锯材现场检查时,如何应用锯材检验技术标准,科学正确快速判定证、货材积是否相符,对加强非法运输行为现场取证有效性和执法效率有着重要的意义。     

生物活性肽SSDI固相合成工艺的研究

目的:研究生物活性肤SSDI的固相合成工艺,并为大规模合成目标肽提供理论依据.方法:采用固相合成法,原料氨基酸以Fmoe形式保护,用Wang树脂为载体,经1-氧3-双二甲胺羰基苯骈三氮唑四氟化硼盐(TBTU)\1-羟基-苯并-三氮唑(HOBt)\二-异丙基乙胺(DIEA)混合试剂缩合,20%哌啶的DMF溶液脱保护,用三氟乙酸\茴香硫醚\巯基乙醇\苯酚\水混合作为切割试剂将多肽从Wang树脂上切割下来.结果:多肽粗品的得率高达70%,经RP-HPLC纯化,可获得纯度在98%以上的目标肽,经MALDI-MS质谱鉴定其分子量与理论值一致.结论:此合成方法操作简单,产品得率高,适合大规模合成目标肽.     

Novel amino-Li resin for water-based solid-phase peptide synthesis

We report the first application of a novel amino-Li resin to water-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) applying the Smoc-protecting group approach. We demonstrated that it is a suitable support for the sustainable water-based alternative to a classical SPPS approach. The resin possesses good swelling properties in aqueous milieu, provides significant coupling sites, and may be applicable to the synthesis of difficult sequences and aggregation-prone peptides.     

Multiple peptide synthesis

The synthesis of large numbers of peptides can be very labor intensive and, if a conventional peptide synthesizer is used, only small numbers of peptides can be produced within a reasonable time. The techniques described below can make large numbers of different peptides simultaneously with varying degrees of mechanization, ranging from the wholly manual methods, to those involving complete mechanization of the whole synthesis process. Most of the multiple synthesis methods are primarily intended for small scale production ranging from microgram amounts up to a few tens of milligrams. All of the systems are economical in use of solvents and reagents, enabling cost-effective synthesis. The techniques described can also be used to prepare peptide libraries, containing several millions of peptide sequences, to enable the rapid screening of all possible permutations of amino acids within short peptides. However, it is considered that multiple synthesis methods are not particularly suited where extreme high purity or very long peptides are required.     

Facile synthesis of peptide nucleic acids and peptide nucleic acid‐peptide conjugates on an automated peptide synthesizer

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are DNA mimics with a neutral peptide backbone instead of the negatively charged sugar phosphates. PNAs exhibit several attractive features such as high chemical and thermal stability, resistance to enzymatic degradation, and stable binding to their RNA or DNA targets in a sequence‐specific manner. Therefore, they are widely used in molecular diagnosis of antisense‐targeted therapeutic drugs or probes and in pharmaceutical applications. However, the main hindrance to the effective use of PNAs is their poor uptake by cells as well as the difficult and laborious chemical synthesis. In order to achieve an efficient delivery of PNAs into cells, there are already many published reports of peptides being used for transport across the cell membrane. In this protocol, we describe the automated as well as cost‐effective semi‐automated synthesis of PNAs and PNA‐peptide constructs on an automated peptide synthesizer. The facile synthesis of PNAs will be helpful in generating PNA libraries usable, e.g. for high‐throughput screening in biomolecular studies. Efficient synthetic schemes, the automated procedure, the reduced consumption of costly reagents, and the high purity of the products are attractive features of the reported procedure. Copyright © 2010 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Heterogeneous catalytic transfer hydrogenation in peptide synthesis

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics -     

Matrix‐assisted peptide synthesis on nanoparticles

We report a new method for multistep peptide synthesis on polymeric nanoparticles of differing sizes. Polymeric nanoparticles were functionalized via their temporary embedment into a magnetic inorganic matrix that allows multistep peptide synthesis. The matrix is removed at the end of the process for obtaining nanoparticles functionalized with peptides. The matrix‐assisted synthesis on nanoparticles was proved by generating various biologically relevant peptides. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Assessment of new 6-Cl-HOBt based coupling reagents for peptide synthesis. Part 1: Coupling efficiency study

Summary The efficiency of a series of well-known coupling reagents (TBTU, HATU, and PyBOP) and of newin situ activating reagents (TCTU, HCTU, and DMTMM) was compared by synthesizing the 65–74 fragment of the Acyl Carrier Protein (H-Val-Gln-Ala-Ala-Ile-Asp-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Gly-NH₂), containing ‘a difficult sequence’, as a test peptide, in a multiple peptide synthesizer. The longer sequence rMOG(35–55) was also synthesized. It was clear that the aminium salts are more efficient than the phosphonium salt (PyBOP) and that the new 6Cl-HOBt based reagents (HCTU and particularly TCTU) are very efficient, while DMTMM appeared to be not suitable for SPPS.     

How to predict product yield in kinetically controlled enzymatic peptide synthesis

The published theory of kinetically controlled enzymatic peptide synthesis needed experimental verification. We carried out the measurement of the peptide yield and estimation of the key parameters alpha and beta for papain-catalyzed synthesis of Mal-L-Phe-L-Ala-LLeuNH(2) from Mal-L-Phe-L-AlaOMe and L-LeuNH(2). The experimental results demonstrate that this theory adequately describes the real process. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Assessment of new 6-Cl-HOBt based coupling reagents for peptide synthesis. Part 1: Coupling efficiency study

The efficiency of a series of well-known coupling reagents (TBTU, HATU, and PyBOP) and of new in situ activating reagents (TCTU, HCTU, and DMTMM) was compared by synthesizing the 65–74 fragment of the Acyl Carrier Protein (H-Val-Gln-Ala-Ala-Ile-Asp-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Gly-NH₂₎, containing `a difficult sequence', as a test peptide, in a multiple peptide synthesizer. The longer sequence rMOG(35–55) was also synthesized. It was clear that the aminium salts are more efficient than the phosphonium salt (PyBOP) and that the new 6Cl-HOBt based reagents (HCTU and particularly TCTU) are very efficient, while DMTMM appeared to be not suitable for SPPS.     

Stereospecificity of peptide synthesis by means of phosphorus derivatives: a model of peptide synthesis in molecular evolution

A hypothesis is presented to explain the prebiotic formation of optically pure oligo- and polypeptides from racemic amino acids. Stereospecific condensation reactions favouring the formation of isotactic stereosequences (l-l and d-d blocks) are a basic requirement of this hypothesis. Since phosphorus derivatives such as polyphosphates or nucleic acid imidazolides were postulated to be prebiotic condensing reagents, a variety of peptide syntheses by means of phosphorus derivatives was investigated. Dipeptides and tripeptides were prepared from N-protected d,l-amino acids or d,l-amino acid esters, and d,l-leucine and d,l-valine were subjected to condensation polymerizations. The stereosequences were analysed by means of ¹³C n.m.r. spectroscopy. More than 80% of all condensations were more or less stereospecific and in all cases isotactic sequences were predominant. In the case of poly(d,l-leucines), ¹³C n.m.r. cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) spectra revealed the formation of α-helical blocks.