蓖麻碱降解菌的选育及脱毒效果的研究

以蓖麻碱为底物,从牛瘤胃液中选育出脱毒能力强、生长旺盛的菌株4-2w,经初步鉴定为假单胞菌(pseydomonas sp．),其最适生长温度为36℃,最适pH为7．0。经脱毒实验,4-2w菌降解蓖麻碱的脱除率达到90%以上,且该菌株未降解其中的蛋白质。     

土壤中蓖麻碱降解菌的分离及脱毒效果的初步研究

以蓖麻碱为底物,从蓖麻种植地土壤中筛选出脱毒能力强、生长旺盛的菌株6-6t,经初步鉴定为假单胞菌,其最适生长温度为30℃,最适pH为7.0。经脱毒实验,6-6t菌降解蓖麻碱的脱除率达到71.63%,且该菌并不降解蓖麻饼粕中的蛋白质。     

一株有色金属矿山1-亚硝基-2-萘酚降解菌的筛选、鉴定和降解特性

1-亚硝基-2-萘酚是一类有色选矿药剂代表性的新型浮选药剂,在采选冶行业为了提高低品位矿物资源的利用率,被大量投入使用,该药剂的高稳定性进一步增大了矿山环境中重金属与有机选冶药剂复合污染的治理难度。微生物修复作为稠环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)类污染物重要技术手段之一,具有安全、经济、高效和无二次污染等特点。【目的】本研究从我国广西河池市周边的典型有色金属尾矿环境中分离出1株高效降解1-亚硝基-2-萘酚的菌株,并分析其降解特性及其潜在的代谢途径,从而探究矿山复合污染生态系统中稠环芳烃类污染物的微生物修复技术的应用前景。【方法】从有色金属尾矿样本中筛选到以1-亚硝基-2-萘酚为唯一碳源的菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列鉴定,结合气相色谱-质谱联合(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,GC-MS)检测分析菌株对1-亚硝基-2-萘酚的降解特性及中间代谢产物,并推测可能的代谢途径。【结果】筛选获得1株高效降解1-亚硝基-2-萘酚的Pseudomonas putida CUGB-JL11菌株,经鉴定为革兰氏阴性杆的恶臭假单胞菌。该菌株最适温度为30 ℃左右,最适pH值范围为6-8条件下,菌株5 d内对40 mg/L 1-亚硝基-2-萘酚的降解率高达81%。降解中间代谢产物主要为苯环类物质：苯甲羟肟酸甲酯和苯丙胺,但其母体及大部分中间产物都降解为小分子物质或者被完全降解。【结论】恶臭假单胞菌P. putida CUGB-JL11具有良好的1-亚硝基-2-萘酚降解能力和较强的环境适应性,有进一步被开发为微生物菌剂以用于稠环芳烃类污染修复的巨大潜力,为有色金属矿山生态系统中重金属和有机选冶药剂复合污染的微生物修复研究提供了理论依据和可利用的微生物资源。     

红树林沉积物中多环芳烃降解菌Aquabacter sediminisP-9T的分离、鉴定及降解机制的研究

多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)是一类具有致畸、致癌和致突变特性的高风险有毒污染物,近年来,关于红树林生态系统受到PAHs污染的报道引起广泛关注,微生物降解被认为是处理PAHs污染的有效、经济和多功能替代方法。目前,研究者发现了大量细菌利用PAHs污染作为碳源和能源,然而其普遍存在降解效率偏低、降解谱系窄、对高盐环境适应性差等问题,红树林来源的PAHs降解菌的降解机理尚待充分挖掘。【目的】在红树林沉积物中定向筛选针对PAHs的高效广谱降解菌,并深入探讨其降解效能与作用机制,以期为红树林生态系统中微生物污染修复技术的创新研发提供坚实的科学基础。【方法】从深圳福田红树林沉积物筛选出一株降解PAHs的潜在新种菌株P-9^T,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性检测和16S rRNA基因序列分析,对该菌株进行鉴定;基于菌株基因组测序与分析预测该菌株的PAHs代谢潜能;在不同温度(25-40 ℃)、不同pH (5.0-9.0)和不同底物条件下,对菌株P-9^T的降解能力进行测定;利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)技术检测菌株降解PAHs的中间代谢产物,初步揭示P-9^T降解PAHs的代谢机制。【结果】菌株P-9^T为黄色杆菌科(Xanthobacteraceae)水杆菌属(Aquabacter)的潜在新种,暂命名为Aquabacter sediminis P-9^T,也是Aquabacter属中首次发现的PAHs降解菌种;在菌株A. sediminis P-9^T的基因组中则发现了一条完整的苯甲酸盐降解通路,以及参与萘和其他PAHs降解的脱氢酶、水杨酸羟化酶和细胞色素P450等关键基因。菌株P-9^T可以在25-40 ℃和pH 5.0-8.0的条件下降解菲,并且可分别以萘、菲、芘为唯一碳源生长繁殖。在菲初始浓度为50 mg/L下培养5 d降解率达100%。利用HPLC-ESI-MS/MS技术检测发现,该菌株对萘、菲、芘降解的中间代谢产物包括1-羟基-2-萘甲酸、1,2-萘二酚和儿茶酚和1-羟基-2-萘醛。推断菌株P-9^T是采用水杨酸途径降解PAHs。【结论】A. sediminis P-9^T是Aquabacter属的新种,而且是该属中首次发现的PAHs降解菌,最佳降解条件为37 ℃和pH 7.0,可通过水杨酸途径高效降解萘、菲及芘。     

蓖麻碱的提取、纯化、改性及其杀虫活性研究

蓖麻饼中含有生物碱等毒性物质,主要杀虫活性物质为蓖麻毒蛋白和蓖麻碱,蓖麻碱是蓖麻中的主要毒素之一,具有一定的生物活性。本文研究了蓖麻碱的提取、纯化,以及将所得蓖麻碱再进一步进行改性,探讨改性方法。采用红外光谱方法对蓖麻碱改性前后变化进行对比;并对提取、纯化以及改性过程中的各个环节的物质进行杀虫实验,对实验结果进行观察。结果表明,蓖麻碱的主要杀虫活性基团为氰基。     

拟除虫菊酯类农药降解菌的紫外线诱变

拟除虫菊醑类农药降解菌阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacap)w10j15菌株经紫外线诱变后,筛选出突变株55株。分别在30℃,转速180rpm条件下培养3d,测降解力,获得正突变菌株6株,经加药普通斜面传种10代,2株(UW19,UW2)降解力保持稳定。降解力较强的UW19对联苯菊醑、甲氰菊醑、氯氰菊醑的降解率分别达70．40％、84．04％、70．87％,比出发菌株降解率提高了近20％;UW2也比出发菌株提高了约10％的降解率。     

竹炭固定化施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri ZH-1降解苯酚的研究

通过竹炭固定化以加强施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri ZH-1对苯酚的降解能力。采用正交试验优化竹炭对菌株ZH-1固定化条件,冷场发射扫描电镜（SEM）观察固定化后的菌株在竹炭上的附着情况,对比固定化菌和游离菌的降解性能并对固定化菌做重复利用性能测试。结果显示,竹炭固定化P. stutzeri ZH-1的最适条件为竹炭1 g,接种量5%(体积分数),吸附时间24 h;SEM显示菌附着在竹炭表面和内部空隙中;竹炭固定化后菌株ZH-1对苯酚的降解率显著增加（P<0.05）,处理48 h时降解率增加15%;竹炭固定化菌ZH-1经10轮重复利用后仍有很高的苯酚降解性能,48 h时降解率增加173%（P<0.05）。竹炭固定化菌ZH-1在去除含苯酚类有机废水中具有较好的应用前景。     

以秀丽线虫为模式生物评价蓖麻碱毒性的研究

以秀丽线虫作为评价蓖麻碱毒性的模式生物,通过测定不同浓度的蓖麻碱提取物对线虫的半致死浓度、生殖能力和体内酶活性的影响,对蓖麻碱的毒性进行初步评价。结果表明,蓖麻碱提取物的48h的LD50为0.977mg/mL,72h的LD50为0.821mg/mL;随着蓖麻碱提取物浓度从0.5mg/mL增加到2.0mg/mL,虫体的SOD活性由(80.669±3.2)U/mg降低至(1.532±0.2)U/mg;CAT活性由(70.947±2.7)U/mg降低至(0.234±2.1)U/mg。说明蓖麻碱提取物浓度越大,毒性越强,线虫体内酶活越低,蓖麻碱提取物可使秀丽线虫生殖能力降低或丧失。     

聚乙烯醇降解酶产生菌的分离和发酵条件

从工厂废水中分离到一株高效降解聚乙烯醇(PVA)的细菌D8株,四天能将培养基中0.5％的PVA(500,1700)完全降解,经鉴定为假单胞菌属类产碱假单胞菌(Pseudoraonospseudoalcaligenes)。对菌株的发酵条件进行了研究,结果表明,最适培养基成份为(％)：PVA1．5,(NH4),SO4 0．1,K2HPO4 0．24,KH2PO4 0．04, MgSO4·7H2O 0.035,NaCl 0.01,FeSO4 0.001,酵母膏0.15;起始pH 7.5;通气量在250ml三角瓶装30ml培养基为最逢,于30℃,160r／rain的旋转摇床振荡培养72h产酶活力最高。     

蓖麻RcMsc2基因功能分析

G2/有丝分裂特异性细胞周期蛋白 2(G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-2,Msc2)作为高等植物应对逆境胁迫的关键调控蛋白,参与多个抗逆境胁迫的应答。为探究RcMsc2基因的功能,该研究从蓖麻叶片组织中成功克隆了RcMsc2,并利用生物信息学分析RcMsc2蛋白的结构和潜在功能,同时借助qRT-PCR方法分析RcMsc2基因的组织表达特性和非生物胁迫表达特性。结果表明:(1)RcMsc2基因位于蓖麻第5号染色体长臂,该基因的CDS(coding sequence)区是1 299 bp,编码432个氨基酸。(2)RcMsc2蛋白拥有细胞周期(cyclin)家族特征结构域,是一个不稳定酸性亲水蛋白,无跨膜域和信号肽,相对分子量为49.38 kD。(3)RcMsc2蛋白质的二级、三级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主。(4)RcMsc2蛋白与麻风树和巴西橡胶树的CYCB2蛋白的序列同源性最高,且同被聚为Group Ⅱ。(5)35S-RcMsc2-GFP融合蛋白定位于细胞核。(6)RcMsc2基因在蓖麻的所有组织中均有表达且主要在根和茎中发挥作用; 非生物胁迫分析表明RcMsc2基因可以被脱落酸(abscisic acid, ABA)、盐、干旱和低温处理诱导表达,并且RcMsc2基因对低温胁迫的响应最敏感。综上表明,该研究较全面地分析了RcMsc2基因的结构特征、系统进化和表达模式,为揭示RcMsc2基因在蓖麻的生长发育和应答冷胁迫过程中的功能提供了理论参考。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.