紫胡提取物防醉作用的研究

本文研究柴胡（Ｒａｄｉｘ Ｂｕｐｌｅｒｉ）有效成分的提取及其防醉作用的机理。实验结果表明：胡提取物具有提高中枢神经兴奋性,可以诱导肝药酶活性,提高肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性,降低脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量等效果,因而具有防醉和保护肝脏的作用。     

久肝胶囊解酒作用的研究

目的:研究久肝胶囊的解酒作用及其机制.方法:用白酒直接灌胃建立小鼠醉酒模型,分别进行致醉、防醉、解酒试验,观察久肝胶囊的药效;长期给酒造成酒精性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中及肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性.结果:小鼠最适致醉量为0.16 ml/10g;久肝胶囊对醉酒能起到预防作用,且使醉酒小鼠翻正反射恢复时间缩短;对酒精性肝损伤小鼠,久肝胶囊能使血清ADH、GPT活性及肝中ADH活性恢复正常.结论:久肝胶囊具有较好的预防醉酒和解酒作用,对酒精性肝损伤亦有较好的保护作用,其机制可能与恢复ADH和GPT活性有关.     

柴胡解毒汤对人肝星状细胞LX-2增殖及凋亡的影响

目的:观察柴胡解毒汤含药血清对人肝星状细胞LX-2增殖、凋亡情况的影响,探究其抗肝纤维化作用的可能机制。方法:将Wistar大鼠分为实验组与对照组,分别以柴胡解毒汤、生理盐水灌胃5天后取血制备大鼠含药血清与正常血清。同时复苏人肝星状细胞LX-2后进行细胞培养和细胞传代。当肝星状细胞数量达到预定值时,将肝星状细胞分为对照组和药物组。观察LX-2细胞在与含药血清孵育24 h、36 h、48 h、72 h后,用CCK-8比色法测定细胞的增殖抑制率。用流式细胞术(Annexin V-FITC,PI染色法)检测细胞凋亡的概况。结果:柴胡解毒汤含药血清在给药24 h后可抑制LX-2细胞的增殖,36 h、48 h、72 h的增殖抑制率分别为0.37%、0.46%、0.44%,并可诱导LX-2细胞发生凋亡,48 h、72 h凋亡概率分别为(9.80±0.95)%、(36.40±5.09)%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:柴胡解毒汤具有抑制LX-2细胞增殖、诱导LX-2细胞发生凋亡的能力,这可能是柴胡解毒汤抗纤维化作用的机制之一。     

柴胡解毒汤对实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型大鼠Col-Ⅳ,HA的影响

目的:观察柴胡解毒汤对实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型大鼠Col-Ⅳ、HA血清含量的影响。方法:通过采用酒、猪油混合灌胃诱导大鼠实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型,并分为柴胡解毒汤干预Ⅰ组(简称干预Ⅰ组)、柴胡解毒汤兼酒精高脂饮食组(简称干预Ⅱ组)、酒精兼高脂饮食组(简称模型组)及空白对照组予以灌胃,最终取大鼠血清进行检测。称量大鼠体重,并用ELISA Kit法检测透明质酸(HA)和Ⅳ型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)的含量。结果:12周后,造模各组大鼠毛发灰暗,杂乱,消瘦,活动度减弱,大便溏稀。血清Col-Ⅳ、HA较空白对照组均有显著升高(P0.01),与模型组比较,干预Ⅰ组和干预Ⅱ组均下降明显(P0.01)。干预Ⅰ组、干预Ⅱ组、模型组、空白对照组HA含量依次为219.17±41.64、184.89±22.83、249.32±34.60、123.48±25.85。Col-Ⅳ含量依次为9.59±1.81、12.57±1.41、19.71±6.04、7.62±5.36。结论:柴胡解毒汤可能通过抑制Col-Ⅳ、HA的表达水平,对大鼠实验性酒精性肝纤维化复合模型具有一定的干预作用。     

北柴胡茎叶总黄酮抗流感病毒的作用

北柴胡 (BupleurumchinenseDC .)茎叶总黄酮 (TFB) 0 .0 9g kg剂量组对乙型流感病毒 (B 京防 98 76 )感染小鼠具有明显的保护作用 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,0 .0 3g kg和 0 .0 9g kg剂量组能明显降低乙型流感病毒 (B 京防 98 76 )感染小鼠肺指数值 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ,肺指数抑制率分别为 2 0 .5 %和 2 5 .4 %。组织病理学检查结果表明 ,TFB各剂量组与模型组比较 ,肺部病变均明显减轻 ,其中以TFB高剂量组肺部总体病变程度最轻 ,疗效最好。     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析柴胡、白芍配伍前后挥发性组分变化规律

为了探讨柴胡-白芍药对配伍的意义,通过单因素考察确定最佳萃取条件,采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用,测定柴胡、白芍及其药对挥发性成分,通过面积归一法确定各成分百分含量,并进行主成分分析(PCA)。结果表明：柴胡、白芍及其药对共有的挥发性成分有11种,但共有成分的含量有所不同。三者的PCA综合得分具有明显的差异,药对挥发性成分的PCA综合得分最高。柴胡-白芍药对的挥发性成分大部分来自于柴胡,柴胡、白芍配伍后有新的活性成分产生,从挥发性角度分析,柴胡、白芍配伍后具有一定增效减毒作用。     

柴胡五味子及其配伍对化学性肝损伤的作用研究

观察柴胡及五味子对CCl4诱导的急性肝损伤的小鼠治疗效果。采用CCl4制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清ALT、AST和肝组织MDA、SOD、GSH水平,并进行肝病理组织学检查。结果:五味子、柴胡、五味子及柴胡连用高、低剂量组与CCl4模型对照组比较ALT、AST、MDA、SOD含量均降低,差异有显著性。结论:五味子和柴胡可降低肝损伤小鼠血浆ALT、AST水平,具有良好的保肝效果。     

柴胡提取物诱导人类白血病细胞HL-60的细胞凋亡及其机理研究

柴胡提取物诱导人类白血病细胞HL-60的细胞凋亡从而抑制其细胞生长.为了研究该过程的作用机理,我们研究了丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs),包括胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2),c-jun氨基末端蛋白激酶(JNK)和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK),在该过程中的磷酸化特征与动态变化.结果表明,柴胡提取物显著的增加了p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)的磷酸化作用,其增加值在测试范围内与测试剂量和作用时间成正相关,但在柴胡提取物诱导人类白血病细胞HL-60的细胞凋亡过程中,没有发现对氨基末端蛋白激酶(JNK)表现出磷酸化活性.柴胡提取物诱导白血病HL-60的细胞凋亡部分归结于对p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的上调节作用,这种上调节作用能够受到p38 MAPK特异性的抑制剂SB203580的部分逆转,而MEK的抑制剂U0126则对柴胡提取物诱导HL-60细胞凋亡过程中的胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)的磷酸化具有显著的协同效应.这是首次报道柴胡提取物在诱导人白血病细胞HL-60细胞凋亡过程中参与p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶的磷酸化,同时柴胡提取物作为胞外信号调节激酶(ERK1/2)抑制剂的协同作用物具有相应的药物学功能.     

两种木兰科植物的树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系

了解木兰科植物的水分利用特点对提高其迁地保护的成功率具有重要作用。利用TDP探针(热消散探针)测定2种木兰科植物长蕊木兰(Alcimandra cathcartii)和醉香含笑(Michelia macclurei)的树干液流,分析树干液流与环境因子的关系。结果表明:2树种整树蒸腾的日变化均为单峰格型,但夜间仍有液流发生;在1月长蕊木兰单位断面积液流通量(F'd)日峰值[(25.00±7.35)g·m-2·s-1]明显比醉香含笑高[(6.35±1.46)g·m-2·s-1],在7月和1月长蕊木兰的F'd日平均值(6:00-18:00)也明显高于醉香含笑;2树种日蒸腾耗水量对环境因子的响应随季节变化而异,在干季(10月和1月)2树种对环境因子的响应比雨季(4月和7月)更明显;单位断面积日蒸腾耗水量可以有效区分个体间或种间的耗水差异;长蕊木兰的生理耗水量比醉香含笑大,在迁地保护时应注意长蕊木兰对水分需求较大的生理特征。     

狭叶柴胡的抗过敏活性及其有效成分

本文以compound 48／80在体外诱导大鼠腹腔肥大细胞释放组胺,评价狭叶柴胡及其成分的抗过敏活性。狭叶柴胡醇提物及正丁醇部分(100μg／mL)、乙酸乙酯及水部分(10,100μg／mL)显著减少组胺释放,以乙酸乙酯部分的作用最强,狭叶柴胡挥发油(100μg／mL)对组胺释放呈现一定的促进作用。从乙酸乙酯部分分离得到异鼠李素和槲皮素两种主要化合物,均显著抑制组胺释放,表明黄酮为狭叶柴胡抗过敏作用的有效成分。     

三叶青对呼吸道合胞病毒作用实验研究

为探讨三叶青在抗病毒中的作用,本文选取三叶青乙醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分和乙酸乙酯萃取部分,采用细胞病变抑制实验,以治疗指数(TI)为研究指标,研究各溶剂萃取部位、柱分离部分在MA104细胞中对呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)的抑制作用,从而筛选出三叶青抗RSV有效部位,分离活性成分。三叶青乙醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分和乙酸乙酯萃取部分的TI值分别为128和64,相对于阳性对照药利巴韦林(TI值为6.25)。说明三叶青乙醇提取物正丁醇萃取部分和乙酸乙酯萃取部分具有抗RSV的活性且明显优于利巴韦林。     

天然药物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的体外抗菌研究

目的 观察天然药物对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis,P.gingivalis）生长的影响,筛选抗菌作用最强的天然药物。方法 选用7种天然药物,采用液体稀释法,结合吸光度测定以确定7种天然药物对P.gingivalis的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）与最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 黄芩、三七、白芷、大黄、五倍子、血藤和川芎对P.gingivalis的MIC值分别为1、1、0.5、0.0156、1、0.5、0.125 mg/ml;MBC值分别为1、1、0.5、0.0625、1、1、0.25mg/ml。结论 7种天然药物对P.gingivalis的生长均表现出明显的抑制作用,大黄的抑菌作用最强,川芎其次。     

Glycyrrhizae Radix attenuates peroxynitrite-induced renal oxidative damage through inhibition of protein nitration

We investigated the protective effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract against peroxynitrite (ONOO^-)-induced oxidative stress under in vivo as well as in vitro conditions. The extract showed strong ONOO^- and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging effects under in vitro system, in particular higher activity against ONOO^-. Furthermore, elevations of plasma 3-nitrotyrosine levels, indicative of in vivo ONOO^- generation and NO production, were shown using a rat in vivo ONOO^--generation model of lipopolysaccharide injection plus ischemia-reperfusion. The administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days significantly reduced the concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine and NO and decreased inducible NO synthase activity. In addition, the nitrated tyrosine protein level and myeloperoxidase activity in the kidney were significantly lower in rats given Glycyrrhizae Radix extract than in control rats. However, the administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract did not result in either significant elevation of glutathione levels or reduction of lipid peroxidation in renal mitochondria. Moreover, the in vivo ONOO^- generation system resulted in renal functional impairment, reflected by increased plasma levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine, whereas the administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix extract reduced these levels significantly, implying that the renal dysfunction induced by ONOO^- was ameliorated. The present study suggests that Glycyrrhizae Radix extract could protect the kidneys against ONOO^- through scavenging ONOO^- and/or its precursor NO, inhibiting protein nitration and improving renal dysfunction caused by ONOO^-.     

黄芪含药血清对NK细胞活性及KLRK1表达的影响

目的：探讨黄芪含药血清对自然杀伤（NK）细胞活性及杀伤细胞凝集素样受体K1（KLRK1）表达的影响。方法：SD大鼠灌胃不同剂量的黄芪水煎剂制备黄芪含药血清。NK92MI细胞与不同剂量黄芪含药血清及对照血清孵育12h后,采用乳酸脱氢酶释放测定法检测NK细胞对靶细胞YAC-1的杀伤活性,采用qPCR和western blot检测KLRK1 mRNA和蛋白表达。结果：不同浓度黄芪含药血清刺激12h后NK细胞杀伤活性明显增强,KLRK1表达显著升高。结论：黄芪含药血清能活化NK细胞,其机制可能与其激活KLRK1有关。     

Fermentation effects of oligosaccharides of Radix Ophiopogonis on alloxan-induced diabetes in mice

In this study, oligosaccharides extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus vinegar (OOV) by alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation with water extracts from Radix Ophiopogon and oligosaccharides extracted from Radix Ophiopogonis (OOJ) were investigated. Characterization of the extracts indicated that OOV are proteoglycans, whereas OOJ are not. Moreover, compared with OOJ, monosaccharide compositions of OOV only include fructose and galactose and not glucose. MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometric results showed that the molecular weight of OOV was smaller after fermentation. Changes in the characteristics of OOV would inevitably lead to changes in its hypoglycemic properties. The OOV inhibition activity against α-glucosidase was stronger than that of OOJ. The inhibition activity became stronger with higher dosages of OOV. The hypoglycemic effect of OOV on alloxan-induced diabetic mice was stronger than that of OOJ. More important, the ability of OOV to reduce damage on islets in diabetic mice was stronger than that of OOJ. Overall, alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation improved the hypoglycemic activity of OOJ.     

Role of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and its compounds in enhancing nitric oxide expression.

Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and its peroxidant product, peroxynitrite, has been implicated in the pathology of acute and chronic renal failure, and inhibitors of NO production have been shown to exert protective and ameliorative effects against renal epithelial cell damage mediated by enhanced generation of NO. Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix has exhibited a beneficial effect in the improvement of renal failure. In order to clarify the mechanism responsible, we investigated whether Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and several of its related compounds, including caffeic acid and its polymers which were isolated by our research group, can regulate the generation and release of NO. The results demonstrated that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and these compounds suppressed NO effectively in the systems employing activated macrophages and the arginine-hydrogen peroxide, and that, furthermore, the activity shown by the compounds was higher than that shown by the extract. In addition, direct scavenging of NO was also observed. The present findings suggest that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix extract and its compounds are potent NO inhibitors, and that their inhibitory effect on the generation and release of NO may contribute to the previously reported pharmacological effect of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix in improving renal function.     

菊花等十五种中药对大鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

 大鼠口服菊花、郁金及刺五加水煎剂(剂量按药典成人用量折算)三周后,抑制其肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶的活力,并激活肝微粒体胆固醇7α-羟化酶。在相同状况下,首乌及川芎可抑制羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶,虽然对胆固醇7α-羟化酶亦有激活作用,但统计学上无意义。泽泻、蒲黄、丹参、黄精、虎杖、延胡索及菌陈等则只抑制肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶,而对胆固醇7α-羟化酶无作用。黄芪及枸杞对肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶的活力虽然稍有激活作用,但统计学上无意义。我们实验状况下,上述十五种中药只有菌陈能显著地提高大鼠血清高密度酯蛋白胆固醇的含量。刺五加水煎液对肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶和胆固醇7α-羟化酶活力调节作用是通过可逆的磷酸化及脱磷酸化作用而实现的。 山楂及刺五加水煎剂,在体外对大鼠肝微粒体羟甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶具有强烈的抑制作用。其作用机理亦是通过可逆的磷酸化及脱磷酸化作用进行的。     

Interaction between Shaoyao–Gancao–Tang and a laxative with respect to alteration of paeoniflorin metabolism by intestinal bacteria in rats

Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang (SGT), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (Kampo formulation) containing Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix), is co-administered with laxative sodium picosulfate as a premedication for relieving the pain accompanying colonoscopy. Paeoniflorin (PF), an active glycoside of SGT, is metabolized into the antispasmodic agent paeonimetabolin-I (PM-I) by intestinal bacteria after oral administration. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the co-administered laxative (sodium picosulfate) influences the metabolism of PF to PM-I by intestinal bacteria. We found that the PF-metabolizing activity of intestinal bacteria in rat feces was significantly reduced to approximately 34% of initial levels by a single sodium picosulfate pretreatment and took approximately 6 days to recover. Repeated administration of SGT after the sodium picosulfate pretreatment significantly shortened the recovery period to around 2 days. Similar results were also observed for plasma PM-I concentration. Since PM-I has muscle relaxant activity, the present results suggest that repetitive administration of SGT after sodium picosulfate pretreatment might be useful to relieve the pain associated with colonoscopy.     

Protective effect of polygoni cuspidati radix and emodin on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vibrio vulnificus</Emphasis> cytotoxicity and infection

Vibrio vulnificus, a good model organism of bacterial septicemia, causes fatal septicemia manifesting a fulminating course and a high mortality rate within days. In order to identify new natural substances preventing V. vulnificus infection, a plant library was screened for inhibiting cytotoxicity to host cells by using Trypan blue staining and LDH assay. We found that Polygoni Cuspidati Radix potently suppressed the acute death of HeLa and RAW264.7 cells in a dose dependent manner. Further studies revealed that Polygoni Cuspidati Radix inhibited V. vulnificus growth and survival in HI broth and seawater, respectively. We confirmed that Polygoni Cuspidati Radix contained high level of emodin by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Emodin showed direct antibacterial activity against V. vulnificus. In addition, emodin prevented the morphologic damages and acute death of HeLa cells caused from V. vulnificus. The safety of Polygoni Cuspidati Radix and emodin to host cells was confirmed by MTT assay. Polygoni Cuspidati Radix and emodin protected mice from V. vulnificus infection.     

微量热法研究板蓝根中四种有机酸对微生物生长代谢的影响

微量热法研究传统中药板蓝根中四种有机酸对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和痢疾杆菌生长代谢的影响。得到加药与不加药时大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和痢疾杆菌生长代谢的“效-时”曲线, 以生长速率常数(k1, k2)、最大产热功率(Pm)和最大达峰时间(tm)等热力学参数来评价四种有机酸对微生物生长代谢抑制的强度和程度。四种有机酸抗微生物活性作用的顺序为: 丁香酸>邻氨基苯甲酸>水杨酸>苯甲酸, 其中苯甲酸对金黄色葡萄球菌和痢疾杆菌的生长代谢具有促进作用。本研究对板蓝根的进一步研究提供了基础和依据。