葛根异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨骼生物力学的影响

目的:观察葛根异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨骼生物力学的影响。方法:选用健康3月龄SD雌性大鼠50只,随机分为5组:假手术组、模型对照组、低、中、高剂量葛根异黄酮组;假手术组切除卵巢旁脂肪组织,其余各组均切除双侧卵巢,建立去卵巢大鼠动物模型。按25、50、100 mg/kg 3个剂量葛根异黄酮分别给去卵巢大鼠灌胃6个月,并于实验结束后处死大鼠,检测腰椎骨骼生物力学功能、骨矿含量和股骨骨钙含量及子宫重量。结果:高剂量葛根异黄酮治疗组6个月后腰椎最大负荷、结构强度和骨矿含量均较模型对照组明显改善,股骨骨钙含量也明显增高;各个葛根异黄酮治疗组子宫重量均较模型对照组明显增加。结论:葛根异黄酮可改善去卵巢大鼠骨骼生物力学功能,具有雌激素样的抗骨质疏松作用。     

葛根异黄酮对唾液淀粉酶及阴沟肠杆菌的抑制作用初探

目的：揭示葛根异黄酮降血糖与减肥作用的机理。方法：以乙醇回流提取法分离提取不同地域的野葛和粉葛葛根异黄酮类;AOAC法和高效液相色谱法分析营养成分;以唾液淀粉酶和阴沟肠杆菌构建试验评价体系,用比色法测定葛根提取物（PREE）添加的抑制活性。结果：野葛与粉葛的基本营养没有显著的差异,但异黄酮成分的含量和组成差异显著;PREE对唾液淀粉酶的半抑制浓度（IC50）是031～114mg/mL、对阴沟肠杆菌的IC50为049～056mg/mL。随着PREE浓度的增加,唾液淀粉酶活性减弱,阴沟肠杆菌的增殖速率降低。结论：葛根异黄酮对唾液淀粉酶活性和阴沟肠杆菌的增殖均具有抑制效果,直接影响糖代谢的初始阶段而发挥降血糖、减肥作用。     

纳豆异黄酮及其预防治疗骨质疏松症的研究

该文综述了近年对纳豆异黄酮类的特性及其预防和治疗骨质疏松症作用的研究动态,为研究和开发纳豆及纳豆异黄酮类保健功能食品提供依据。     

葛根异黄酮的快速分离检测方法研究

以SDS正丁醇-正庚烷-水组成的微乳体系作为展开剂,通过聚酰胺薄层层析,探讨不同类型微乳液对葛根异黄酮分离检测效果的影响。结果表明,选择含水量为70％的微乳液作为展开剂,分离效果明显,一次检测出12个黄酮化合物;与以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水(7:2．5:0．25)为展开剂的硅胶薄层相比,微乳薄层色谱对葛根异黄酮的检测效果和灵敏度显著提高,为实验研究中常规检测提供了简便快捷的方法。     

葛根资源的开发利用

本文简述了我国葛根资源的分布、葛根的生物学特性、主要化学成分及医疗作用和营养保健功能以及葛根资源的利用现关,对葛根生物技术产业的前景进行了分析,并介绍了葛根的加工利用方法。     

去卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠模型骨密度的变化

观察3月龄SD雌鼠切除双侧卵巢29周内模型组和雌二醇组动物第三腰椎及股骨骨密度的变化,同时与假手术组比较。结果表明,SD雌性大鼠切除卵巢9周股骨骨密度明显低于假手术组(P<001),13周后腰椎骨骨密度也有显著差异(P<001),29周内模型稳定。皮下注射苯甲酸雌二醇40μgkg×2次周,在12周能够明显提高切卵巢SD大鼠的股骨骨密度并使其接近正常,16周后第三腰椎的骨密度也能够明显提高。切卵巢骨质疏松症大鼠模型治疗性给药需要大约9～13周左右模型才能成功,切除卵巢后29周内模型仍然稳定。     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨密度及骨代谢影响的实验研究

目的 探讨大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨丢失的防治作用及其作用机理。方法 选用卵巢切除大鼠所诱发的骨质疏松模型,给与大豆异黄酮治疗。三个月后测定大鼠骨密度及骨代谢相关生化指标。结果 大豆异黄酮可提高卵巢切除大鼠的骨密度及血清雌激素水平,降低尿钙（Ca),尿磷（P）及尿羟脯氨酸（HOP）的排泄,同时降低血清总碱性磷酸酶（ALP）,骨碱性磷酸酶（BALP）,及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRACP）的活性,还可使血清骨钙素（BGP）的浓度降低,促使卵巢切除大鼠子宫的相对重量增加,其作用与剂量相关。结论 小剂量大豆异黄酮有类似雌激素样作用,可有效防治卵巢切除大鼠的骨量丢失,其作用机制可能是通过降低骨转换率实现的。     

纤维素酶解-超声偶联法提取葛根中总异黄酮的工艺优化

采用酶解-超声偶联新工艺对葛根中总异黄酮提取进行优化,以提高其收率.在单因素试验的基础上,利用Box-Behnken响应面试验设计,以蒸馏水作为提取溶剂,对温度、酶浓度、时间进行三因素三水平的试验设计优化.结果表明最佳提取工艺条件为:温度34℃、酶浓度0.63 mg/mL、时间62 min.在此条件下,葛根总异黄酮提取率为7.10％,与预测值的相对误差为0.34％.酶解-超声偶联工艺是一种新型、快速、有效的总黄酮提取方法.     

金雀异黄酮对骨质疏松大鼠体内Sost表达的影响

目的:观察金雀异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松发生的影响并探讨其分子机制.方法:将60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为:空白对照组、模型对照组、尼尔雌醇组、金雀异黄酮高(18 mg/kg)、中(9 mg/kg)、低(4.5 mg/kg)剂量组.除空白对照组外,其余大鼠切除双侧卵巢诱发骨质疏松.模型复制成功后,给予含有不同剂量金雀异黄酮的饲料喂食骨质疏松大鼠.12周后行股骨干骨密度测定并行RT-PCR和Western blot检测股骨组织中sost基因表达水平的变化.结果:和模型对照组相比,中剂量金雀异黄酮组大鼠骨密度显著增加(P<0.01)股骨组织中sost表达明显下调.结论:金雀异黄酮对骨质疏松大鼠有治疗作用,该作用可能与下调sost表达有关.     

不同干预疗法对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠肱骨骨矿物质含量影响

目的:对比观察不同干预疗法对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠肱骨骨矿物质含量的影响。方法:按体重将80只成年雌性SD大鼠分层后随机分为假手术组和去卵巢组。手术11周时,将去卵巢组大鼠按体重分层后又随机分为去卵巢组、跑台运动组、振动组、金雀异黄酮组、氯化锂组和雌激素组。跑台运动组每周进行4次45 min、速度18 m/min、跑道倾角5°的跑台训练;振动组每天进行2次15 min、频率90 HZ/min、7次/周的振动治疗;金雀异黄酮组每天按体重灌胃1次金雀异黄酮,剂量为1 mg/kg体重;氯化锂组每周按体重腹腔注射氯化锂3次,剂量为15 mg/kg;雌激素组每周按体重颈部皮下注射3次17β-雌二醇,剂量为25μg/kg。持续处理8周时,于末次处理结束36-48小时内,按解剖位置截取双肱骨,称量肱骨湿重、去脂肪干重以及煅烧后的灰重。结果:与假手术组比较,去卵巢组肱骨湿重/体重、去脂肪干重/体重和灰重/体重均显著下降;与去卵巢组比较,跑台运动组、振动组、金雀异黄酮组和雌激素组肱骨湿重/体重、去脂肪干重/体重、灰重/体重均显著增加,而氯化锂组虽有所升高,但差异无显著性。结论:除氯化锂处理外,其他几种处理均能减缓去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠肱骨骨量的丢失,对防治去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的骨质疏松有一定的作用。     

1.8 mT不同频率正弦交变电磁场对青年大鼠骨密度及骨形态计量的影响比较

比较不同频率的正弦交变电磁场对SD青年大鼠骨密度及骨形态计量指标的影响,筛选可有效提升大鼠骨密度的频率参数。将32只8周龄SD雌性大鼠随机分为4组:对照组、15 Hz组、30 Hz组、45 Hz组;除对照组外,实验组大鼠每天都给予相应频率的1.8 m T正弦交变电磁场干预,干预时间为90 min。磁场干预8周后,双能X射线骨密度仪检测大鼠全身骨密度、右侧股骨骨密度和椎骨骨密度,ELISA分析血清中骨形成与骨吸收生化指标的含量,右侧胫骨进行荧光间距测量与骨形态计量分析。相比于对照组,15 Hz组、45 Hz组大鼠的全身骨密度、股骨骨密度、椎骨骨密度均明显升高(P0.05),血清中骨钙素与骨保护素含量也显著提升(P0.05);实验组大鼠的胫骨双荧光间距与骨组织静态参数均高于对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,15 Hz、45 Hz正弦交变电磁场可有效提升青年大鼠的骨密度,从而可预防骨质疏松的发生。     

Low bone mineral density in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background

Osteoporosis is common in patients with COPD but the likely multi-factorial causes contributing to this condition (e.g. sex, age, smoking, therapy) mask the potential contribution from elements related to COPD. In order to study osteoporosis and bone mineral density (BMD) related to COPD, we studied a well-defined group of patients and controls.

Methods

BMD, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), circulating bone biomarkers and biochemistry were determined in 30 clinically stable male ex-smokers with confirmed COPD and 15 age matched "ex-smoker" male controls. None of the patients were on inhaled corticosteroids or received more than one short course of steroids.

Results

Mean (SD) FEV₁% predicted of patients was 64(6)%, the majority having Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) II airflow obstruction. There were 5/30 patients and 1/15 controls who were osteoporotic, while a further 17 patients and 5 controls were osteopenic. The BMD at the hip was lower in patients than controls, but not at the lumbar spine. Mean values of procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide and osteocalcin, both markers of bone formation, and Type 1 collagen β C-telopeptide, a marker of bone resorption, were similar between patients and controls. However, all bone biomarkers were inversely related to hip BMD in patients (r = -0.51, r = -0.67, r = -0.57, p < 0.05) but did not relate to lumbar spine BMD. 25-OH Vitamin D was lower in patients.

Conclusions

Men with COPD had a greater prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia than age matched male controls, with a marked difference in BMD at the hip. Bone biomarkers suggest increased bone turnover.     

Comparison between mechanical stress and bone mineral density in the femur after total hip arthroplasty by using subject-specific finite element analyses

The mechanism underling bone mineral density (BMD) loss that occurs in the femur after total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unknown. We compared the equivalent stress and strain energy density (SED) to BMD in the femur after THA using subject-specific finite element analyses. Twenty-four patients who had undergone primary cementless THA were analysed. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at 1 week and 3, 6 and 12 months after THA. Seven regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in accordance with Gruen's system (ROIs 1–7). Computed tomography images of the femurs were acquired pre- and postoperatively, and the images were converted into three-dimensional finite element (FE) models. Equivalent stress and SED were analysed and compared with DEXA data. BMD was maintained 1 year after THA in ROIs 3, 4, 5 and 6, whereas BMD decreased in ROIs 1, 2 and 7. FE analysis revealed that equivalent stress in ROIs 3, 4, 5 and 6 was much higher than that in ROIs 1, 2 and 7. A significant correlation was observed between the rate of changes in BMD and equivalent stress. Reduction of equivalent stress may contribute to decrease in BMD in the femur after THA.     

The effects of royal jelly protein on bone mineral density and strength in ovariectomized female rats

[Purpose]Sex hormones deficiency leads to dramatically bone loss in particular postmenopausal women. Royal jelly has anti-osteoporosis effect due to maintain bone volume in that condition. We hypothesized that royal jelly protein (RJP, a latent residue after extracting royal jelly) also prevents bone deficient in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, the animal model of postmenopausal women. [Methods]Female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 30, 6 weeks age old) were sham operated (Sham; sham operated group, n = 7), OVX control group (OC, n = 7), OVX with low RJP intake group (ORL, n = 8), and OVX with high RJP intake group (ORH, n = 8) during 8 weeks experimental periods. In the end point of this experiment, the bone samples (lumbar spine, tibia, and femur) were surgically removed under anesthesia. These bone samples were evaluated bone mineral density (BMD) and bone strength.[Results]BMD of lumbar spine in RJP intake groups (ORL, ORH) were higher than that in OC group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01) in RJP intake volume dependent manner. BMD of tibial proximal metaphysis and diaphysis in RJP intake groups were also higher than these in OC group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01 / p < 0.05 and p < 0.001). In addition, breaking force of femur in RJP intake groups were significantly increase compared with that in OC group (p < 0.001 respectively). [Conclusion]These findings indicate that RJP contribute to prevent sex hormone related bone abnormality     

Zinc status of women with low bone mineral density who receive calcium supplements

We evaluated whether a daily high-dose calcium supplement perturbs the zinc status in 23 postmenopausal women (mean age: 63yr) with low bone mineral density. Plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations, plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and 5′-nucleotidase activities, and urinary zinc and calcium excretion were determined first at the end of 4 wk of daily oral calcium (1200 mg) and were measured again at the end of the subsequent 4 wk of daily cosupplementation with calcium (1200 mg) and zinc (30 mg). Mean plasma and erythrocyte zinc concentrations after 4 wk of calcium alone were not significantly different from concentrations after cosupplementation of calcium and zinc. Mean plasma BSAP activities before cosupplementation with zinc was significantly higher than that after zinc (p<0.02), whereas plasma 5′-nucleotidase activities were not affected by zinc supplementation. Urinary zinc excretion slightly, but significantly, increased after the supplementation of zinc (p<0.05), whereas calcium excretion remained similar. Our data indicate that a 4-wk zinc supplementation did not significantly improve zinc status. Although limited by the small sample size and short study duration, our data suggest that a daily calcium dose of 1200 mg had no effect on the zinc status of our subjects.     

Circulating serum vitamin D levels and total body bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization study

Until recently, randomized controlled trials have not demonstrated convincing evidence that vitamin D, or vitamin D in combination with calcium supplementation could improve bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporosis and fracture. It remains unclear whether vitamin D levels are causally associated with total body BMD. Here, we performed a Mendelian randomization study to investigate the association of vitamin D levels with total body BMD using a large‐scale vitamin D genome‐wide association study (GWAS) dataset (including 79 366 individuals) and a large‐scale total body BMD GWAS dataset (including 66,628 individuals). We selected three Mendelian randomization methods including inverse‐variance weighted meta‐analysis (IVW), weighted median regression and MR‐Egger regression. All these three methods did not show statistically significant association of genetically increased vitamin D levels with total body BMD. Importantly, our findings are consistent with recent randomized clinical trials and Mendelian randomization study. In summary, we provide genetic evidence that increased vitamin D levels could not improve BMD in the general population. Hence, vitamin D supplementation alone may not be associated with reduced fracture incidence among community‐dwelling adults without known vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, or prior fracture.     

18周体育舞蹈训练对隐性肥胖女大学生体成分及骨密度的影响

目的:探讨体育舞蹈训练对改善隐性肥胖女大学生体成分、提高其骨密度的作用。方法:对平均年龄为(19.17±0.52)岁的37名隐性肥胖女大学生进行18周的体育舞蹈训练,每周3次,时间分别为90 min、60 min和60 min,隔天进行,周末不训练。所有受试者均符合隐性肥胖的确定标准,即18.5 kg/m²≤BMI≤23.9 kg/m²且BF%≥30%。检测受试者试验前后的身体成分和左右前臂骨、第二腰椎、第三腰椎、第四腰椎、左右侧髋骨、股骨、跟骨等的骨密度。结果:与试验前比较,18周体育舞蹈训练后隐性肥胖女大学生的BMI、腰臀比、肥胖度、体脂肪率明显降低(P＜0.05 或P＜0.01),蛋白质百分数和肌肉百分数明显升高(P＜ 0.01);第三腰椎、第四腰椎、髋骨、股骨和跟骨骨密度明显升高(P＜0.05 或P＜0.01),但是前臂骨和第二腰椎骨密度升高不明显(P＞0.05)。结论:体育舞蹈训练能够改善隐性肥胖女大学生的体成分、增加其骨密度,值得在隐性肥胖女大学生群体中推广,对提高隐性肥胖女大学生的体质有一定的意义。     

The effect of restriction of dietary calcium on trabecular and cortical bone mineral density in the rats

This study aimed to investigate effects of restricted calcium intake on cortical and trabecular bone density in white rats. Low Ca diet was fed for six weeks, and bone density and bone metabolism parameters were assessed in blood. This study was carried out on 12 male white rats aged 12 weeks (Sprague-Dawley; SD). These rats were bred for 1 week and randomly assigned to the standard calcium diet group (SCa group, n = 6) and the low calcium diet group (LCa group; n = 6). The SCa group was given a modified AIN-93M mineral mix (with 0.5% Ca), which was made by adding calcium to a standard AIN93 diet, and the LCa Group was fed a modified AIN-93 Mineral mix (with 0.1% Ca). Femoral BMD and BMC were measured by DEXA in each rat. After trabecular bone was separated from cortical bone, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) was measured using pQCT. Serum Ca and P levels were measured as parameters of bone metabolism, and S-ALP, S-TrACP and-Dpd levels were also measured. The results revealed no significant differences in weight, growth rate, feed consumption and feed efficiency between the two groups before and after calcium-restricted diet (p > .05). No significant differences were also observed in bone length and bone mass between the two groups (p > .05). Although bilateral femoral BMDs were not significantly different between the two groups, bilateral femoral BMCs significantly decreased in the LCa group, compared with the SCa group (p = .023, p = .047). Bilateral cortical MDs were not significantly different between the two groups, either. However, trabecular BMD significantly decreased in the LCa group, compared with the SCa group (p = .041). U-Dpd and S-TrACP levels significantly declined in the LCa group, compared to the SCa group (p = .039, p = .010). There were no significant differences in serum Ca and P levels between the two groups (p > .05). However, a significant decrease in urinary Ca level (p = .001) and a significant increase in urinary P (p = .001) were observed in the LCa group, compared to the Sca group. These findings described that six-week low calcium diet led to decreased trabecular bone density, reduced urinary excretion of Ca and increased urinary excretion of P. As a result, Ca hemeostasis can be maintained.