山药的开发利用

山药是我国著名的补益中药,同时也是传统的保健菜肴。本文综述了山药的原植物,形状,食用价值,药用价值及保健功能,质量标准,贮藏,加工与开发利用,并提出了开发利用的策略。最后展望了开发利用的前景。     

中国辽西地区油松针阔混交林生态效益的研究

辽西地区位于北纬40°20′—42°20′,东经119°—122°之间,处于大小凌河流域地区,包括建平、建昌、凌源、朝阳、北票、喀左、义县、锦西、阜新等市县,主要由努鲁儿虎和医巫闾等几条山脉构成西部山地,地势起伏,多为低山丘陵,海拔高度一般在400—1,200米之间。气候属大陆性,冬季漫长,夏季炎热,春秋温和而短促,年平均气温7.0°—9.1℃,绝对最高温42℃,绝对最低温-31.1℃,绝对年温度变化振幅剧烈,可达70℃以上,年平均降     

中国蜡革菌属的研究

介绍了蜡革菌属Ceraceomyces及该属在中国的种类,其中北方蜡革菌Ceraceomyces borealis是中国新记录种,根据中国的材料对其进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图,同时给出了中国蜡革菌属5个种的检索表。     

中华蜜蜂群体数量缩减及其原因的探讨

一、中蜂面临的突出问题中蜂属于东方蜂种中的一个亚种。我国劳动人民饲养中蜂已有两三千年的悠久历史,它土生土长,分布广泛,具有很强的适应性。从祖国的南疆热带雨林地区。到东北的温带.从华北广呔平原到海拔4000m以上的青藏高原和西南的云贵高原,都有中蜂的生存和世代繁衍。     

木瓜营养保健作用研究动态

本文综述了木瓜的生理活性物质－齐墩果酸的药用价值和作用机理以及木瓜药品保健品的研究动态和展望。     

中国鲎保育工作研究进展

近年来中国鲎种群数量呈急剧下降,资源几近枯竭,如何有效开展其保育工作成为研究热点。从中国鲎的地理分布、生活习性、资源价值、保育工作开展现状、保育措施等5个方面对中国鲎资源现状以及其保育工作开展情况进行概括,为完善中国鲎保育工作提供最新资料。     

Pregnancy outcomes,embryonic and fetal development in maternal exposure to chinese medicines

Chinese medicine is a common name for a collection of Chinese Materia Medica with therapeutic properties for medical treatment and healing. Similar to Western pharmaceuticals, Chinese medicines are not free of risk, and have the potential to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes and affect embryonic and fetal development. However, most clinical data concerning safety of maternal exposure to Chinese medicines during pregnancy are not available and the conclusion remains elusive. Some individual clinical trials of Chinese medicines reported some minor adverse effects during pregnancy, whereas few animal studies identified some adverse maternal and perinatal effects, as well as embryotoxic potentials. Basic research and mechanistic studies of the teratogenicity of Chinese medicines are still lacking. There is an urgent need for testing the safety of Chinese medicines before recommendation and commercialization. Until more reliable and scientific research data become available, clinicians should consider both the risks and benefits before recommending Chinese medicines to pregnant women. More systematic investigations of the safety implications of the use of Chinese medicines are highly recommended, in addition to more clinical trials with a larger sample size to confirm its safety during pregnancy. This review includes a critical overview of available clinical and experimental data and provides directions to study the safety issue of Chinese medicines for pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 99:275–291, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

关于苦马豆属学名的讨论

本文根据国内外豆科研究文献的考证,讨论了苦马豆属(Sphaerophysa DC.)及其近缘属的区别,重新确认了国产苦马豆属和苦马豆的学名。     

中国林蛙生态学研究进展

中国林蛙具有重要的药用价值与经济价值,因此其受到人们的重视。对不同发育阶段中国林蛙生态学的研究现状进行了综述,为中国林蛙的人工养殖提供生态学的理论基础。     

中药固真方对ROS17/2.8细胞增殖分化的影响

中药固真方具有补肾益精、延缓衰老等作用。本文主要研究固真方对~3H-TdR参入DNA及碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。实验结果表明,当大鼠成骨肉瘤细胞ROS17/2.8经固真方药处理24h后,其~3H-TdR的参入比对照组增高13.9％至319.2％,而其碱性磷酸酶活性在经固真方药处理2—3天后则增高4.4％至52.8％(平均30.2％),提示固真方药在成骨样细胞中既有增殖作用,也有促分化作用。     

荒漠猫的演化遗传、分类和保护研究进展

荒漠猫(Felis bieti)是中国特有的野生猫科动物, 也是世界上最鲜为人知的猫科动物之一, 在IUCN濒危物种红色名录中列为易危(Vulnerable, VU), 在我国被列为国家一级重点保护野生动物。本文对荒漠猫的野外分布现状、分类学地位、遗传多样性、演化史以及致危因素等近期研究进展进行了综述和展望, 以期为荒漠猫的保护提供科学依据。荒漠猫定名于1892年, 其分类学地位长期存在争议。形态学证据支持其独立物种的划分, 但分子遗传学研究则表明荒漠猫与亚洲野猫(Felis silvestris ornata)等野猫亚种之间的演化距离相当, 建议将其归为野猫亚种(F. s. bieti)。然而研究也表明包括荒漠猫在内的各野猫支系之间的分歧时间已有100万年以上, 因此解决野猫类群分类学争议的另一种可能是将所有野猫亚种提升为物种水平, 从而维持荒漠猫的独立物种地位, 不过这需要对所有野猫类群在全基因组层面深入全面地分析。最新的基因组学研究揭示荒漠猫与亚洲野猫(F. s. ornata)存在着古老的基因交流, 与青藏高原同域家猫之间存在近期且广泛的基因渗透。该遗传杂交信号以荒漠猫到家猫为主并局限于荒漠猫分布区, 时间尺度对应于20世纪中叶, 可能与藏区社会经济的发展以及家猫种群在当地的增长有关。该发现也意味着青藏高原增长的家猫种群对于同域分布的野猫产生的遗传影响将是亟需关注的问题。IUCN最新评估结果显示, 荒漠猫明确分布区域仅限于青藏高原东部, 包括青海东部、四川西北部、甘肃西南部以及紧邻青海的西藏东南部局部区域。荒漠猫当前面临着包括鼠药施用造成的二次毒害、毛皮贸易、开发建设造成的栖息地的丧失和碎片化、路撞以及与同域家猫杂交等在内的直接或潜在威胁。对荒漠猫开展更全面的调查和深入的研究以及评估并制定有效的保护管理措施, 是保护我国唯一的特有猫科动物的重要举措。     

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量与越冬死亡、产卵关系

本文报道了中华绒螯蟹越冬时和越冬后不同性别,不同生活状态粗脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸及肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸含量及变化,分析了不饱和脂肪酸含量与越冬死亡,越冬后交配,产卵和孵化关系。越冬前雌,雄河蟹粗脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸碘（I2）值为57和48。越冬（越冬时,越冬后）死亡雌,雄河蟹粗脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸I2值分别低于28和10;而其肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸的I2值分别低于1．25和0．83。越冬后能成功交配的雄河蟹粗脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸I2值高于33。越冬后交配产卵雌河蟹粗脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸I2值高于42,抱卵并使卵正常孵化的雌河蟹粗脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸I2值大于47。脂肪酸在河蟹的细胞内氧化分解,为越冬提供了能量。     

Assessment of Trading Partners for China's Rare Earth Exports Using a Decision Analytic Approach

Chinese rare earth export policies currently result in accelerating its depletion. Thus adopting an optimal export trade selection strategy is crucial to determining and ultimately identifying the ideal trading partners. This paper introduces a multi-attribute decision-making methodology which is then used to select the optimal trading partner. In the method, an evaluation criteria system is established to assess the seven top trading partners based on three dimensions: political relationships, economic benefits and industrial security. Specifically, a simple additive weighing model derived from an additive utility function is utilized to calculate, rank and select alternatives. Results show that Japan would be the optimal trading partner for Chinese rare earths. The criteria evaluation method of trading partners for China''s rare earth exports provides the Chinese government with a tool to enhance rare earth industrial policies.     

CONTOURS OF AN ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CHINESE STATE: POLITICAL STRUCTURE, AGENCY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL CHINA

Anthropologists have long been inclined to view China from the perspective of a state-society dichotomy. In this model, the inevitable consequence of economic reform is that – especially at the local level – the state must yield more and more of its power to entrepreneurs, foreign investors, non-state organizations, and local communities. Not only does this approach distort the role of the state in society, but by placing the state above and outside society it also excludes it from the anthropological gaze. This article proposes an anthropology of the Chinese state which does not merely view the state in society, but also investigates the state itself as society. Drawing on fieldwork in northeastern Yunnan province, I illustrate this general point by investigating the changing role of the local state in economic development. This agenda for an anthropology of the Chinese state resonates both with the recent 'reinvention' of the subfield of political anthropology with its focus on governmentality, policy, and rights, and with recent calls by political scientists for the development of an interdisciplinary anthropology of the developmental state.     

“We Went Out to Explore,But Gained Nothing But Illness”: Immigration Expectations,Reality, Risk and Resilience in Chinese-Canadian Women with a History of Suicide-Related Behaviour

Suicide is a complex and tragic outcome driven by biological, psychological, social and cultural factors. Women of Chinese descent and women who have immigrated to other countries have higher rates of suicidal ideation and behaviour, and immigration-related stress may contribute. To understand the experiences of immigration and their relationship with distress and suicide-related behaviour in Chinese women who have immigrated to Canada. 10 semi-structured qualitative interviews with Chinese women who have immigrated to Toronto, Canada and have a history of suicide-related behaviour were completed and analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory methodology. Immigration-related and acculturation stress stemmed from unmet expectations and harsh realities. These repeated experiences resulted in hopelessness, helplessness, and alienation, which are risk factors for suicide and suicide-related behaviour. However, immigration-related support can also increase hope, self-efficacy and connectedness to foster recovery and resilience. This is the first qualitative study focusing on immigration experiences and its relationship to suicide-related behaviour in Chinese immigrant women. Knowledge of immigration and acculturation stressors can a) help identify and support women at risk for suicide and b) form a target for social intervention for all immigrant women, regardless of suicide risk.     

Pathways through the Border of Biomedicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Meeting of Medical Systems in a Japanese Psychiatry Department

This article examines a meetingof biomedicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in the context of a psychiatry departmentin a Japanese national medical school. Themeeting is explored through stories of fourindividuals, the professor of the departmentand three Chinese physicians studying asexchange students. Global structures of medicalauthority are revealed in the way eachparticipant follows a different trajectorythrough this space, positioning themselves byvirtue of the medical epistemologies theyembody. The particular geography of thismeeting between systems allowed for aproductive synthesis of diagnostic techniques,quite different from the more commontherapeutic syntheses. This synthesis isparticularly important for contemporarypsychiatry because of its ability to attend todimensional as opposed to categorical aspectsof mental health.     

Traditional Chinese medicine herbs - are they safe for psoriatic patients?

Although traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) relies on remedies of natural origin, its use is not always safe as it can have not only beneficial but also deleterious effects. Psoriatic patients, disappointed by conventional treatment and unaware of the potential side effects of TCM preparations, are increasingly reaching for non-traditional therapeutic methods. This review presents brief characteristics of selected Chinese herbs self-prescribed by psoriatic patients. It is important that dermatologists should be able to recognize any potential hazards connected with current or previous taking of these herbs by their patients.     

中国兰科天麻属一新记录种——白点天麻

海南是我国的热带岛屿,植物资源丰富。近年来,在海南省霸王岭国家级自然保护区的野外考察中,发现天麻属(Gastrodia)一新记录种Gastrodia punctata Aver.。该种原为越南特有种,根据拉丁名种加词之意及形态特征将其定名为"白点天麻"。白点天麻具有以下特征:花被筒褐色,被白点,唇瓣具4条肉质脊突,蕊柱基部具明显的镰刀状柱头,易与该属的其它种类相区别。该文中还提供了该种的中文形态描述及彩色图片,并对其分布和保护状况进行了报道。     

药用蜈蚣的生态习性与临床应用

生化分析显示,蜈蚣体内含有多种氨基酸、小分子肽、甾醇、脂肪酸等各类活性物质,这可能是医典所载其主治中风、破伤风、恶疮、肿瘤、癣、蛇咬等的药学基础。本文从古代、现代的中医药典籍、文献中总结了六个方面的临床应用,还较为系统全面地阐述了药用蜈蚣的栖息环境、行为与食性、繁殖与个体发育等方面的野外及人工环境下的生物学特性与生态行为表现,以资现代中医药建立医疗模式和药源基地参考。