枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取工艺研究

以枇杷叶为原料,对黄酮类化合物的提取工艺进行研究,考察乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比对枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取率的影响,并采用正交实验进行优化。结果表明四种因素对枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取率影响的大小顺序为:乙醇浓度>提取时间>提取温度>料液比,枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取的最佳工艺条件为提取时间30min、提取温度80℃、乙醇浓度40%、料液比1:20(g/mL),最佳条件下黄酮类化合物提取率为6.92%。     

红花桑寄生枝叶总黄酮提取工艺

以Al(NO3)3显色法于510nm测定红花桑寄生枝叶提取液的吸光度,聚酰胺提纯,以芦丁为标准计算含量,正交实验方法探讨以乙醇为溶剂提取该类化合物的最佳工艺条件,结果表明,桑寄生叶最佳提取条件是溶剂为70％乙醇、料液比1：35、80℃条件下提取3h;桑寄生枝的最佳提取条件是溶剂为50％乙醇、料液比1：15、80℃条件下提取3h,在对应条件下桑寄生总黄酮平均得率叶为9.47%,枝为5.25%。     

甘青铁线莲花水提取物的抗氧化活性研究

本文采用邻二氮菲-Fe2 氧化法,邻苯三酚自氧化法以及卵黄脂蛋白不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)过氧化体系,对甘青铁线莲花水提取物清除超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2 )和羟自由基(·OH )以及抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化(LPO)作用的效果进行了测定.结果表明:甘青铁线莲花水提取物有清除O-2、OH的能力,同时能抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化(LPO)作用,在相同干物质浓度下(黄酮含量为2.20 μg),抑制卵黄脂蛋白脂质过氧化(LPO)作用最强、O-2次之、OH最弱,这说明甘青铁线莲花水提取物有抗氧化作用,且水提物抗氧化活性在一定浓度范围内与其黄酮类化合物含量呈正相关.     

元宝枫叶中2种活性成分提取工艺研究

元宝枫叶为原料,优化槲皮素、山奈酚的提取工艺。运用正交实验法考察料液比、提取时间、提取次数对提取率的影响。结果表明,元宝枫叶提取槲皮素、山奈酚最佳工艺为：以20倍样品量的水煎煮提取2次,每次3h。该工艺可使样品中2种活性成分有效提取分离,并经济、环保。     

大血藤黄酮类化合物的提取与分析

大血藤 ( Sargentodoxa cuneata)隶属大血藤科大血藤属 ,大血藤科为我国所特有[1] 。大血藤为落叶木质藤本 ,长达 1 0 m,生于林中、灌丛或山沟 ,海拔为 40 0～ 1 90 0 m,根和藤可入药 ,有强筋骨、活血散瘀、止痛、通经之效 ,并可治疗阑尾炎、风湿性关节炎等 ,又可用作杀虫剂 [2 ]。有关大血藤次生代谢产物的研究国内外较少 :Rmoker等分离了大血藤的三萜类皂素如儿茶素等 ,并发现在体内具有明显的抗病毒效应[3 ] ;Han等证实了大血藤还含有较多的木质素 ,具有较强的抗氧化及防癌作用[4] 。黄酮类化合物是植物中非常重要的一类次生代谢产物 ,…     

微波辅助法从黎蒿中提取黄酮类化合物的研究

本文介绍了一种有效利用微波辅助从藜蒿(Artemisia selengnesisTurcz)中提取黄酮类化合物的方法。通过考察了微波辐射时间、功率、料液比及提取溶剂等因素对提取率的影响,得出的结论为:以75%乙醇做提取溶剂,密封条件下,功率200 W,料液比1 g∶25 mL,辐射时间20 s/次×3次,提取率最高。与传统提取方法相比,该方法不仅工艺简单,而且可以提高产率,缩短提取时间。     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物

为充分利用枇杷叶,研究微波辅助乙醇浸提法从枇杷叶中提取黄酮类化合物的工艺。首先研究了影响提取效果的因素:不同体积分数的乙醇溶液、料液比、时间及微波功率。在单因素试验基础上利用响应面分析法,确定了各因素与总黄酮得率之间的关系,并以总黄酮得率为响应值做响应面和等高线图。研究表明,枇杷叶中黄酮类化合物提取最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶30,提取时间3 min,微波功率500 W,最佳条件下总黄酮得率为2.04%,与理论推导值2.07%相比,误差为1.4%,黄酮类化合物响应方程的回归分析表明此方法合理可行。本研究对枇杷叶总黄酮提取优化的研究为进一步探讨枇杷叶的深度开发提供了理论参考依据,并为枇杷叶总黄酮的生物活性研究提供材料。     

杜仲中环烯醚萜类化合物的提取工艺研究

本文研究了杜仲中具有生物活性的环烯醚萜类化合物的最佳提取工艺。采用正交设计表L16(4^5),以提取时间、提取温度、提取次数、提取剂A的浓度及料液比为因素进行实验优化。桃叶珊瑚甙的含量由分光光度法测得,京尼平甙酸和京尼平甙的含量通过高效液相色谱法测定。根据试验结果,提取桃叶珊瑚甙的最佳工艺是：70℃下提取三次,每次0．5小时,溶剂A的浓度为80％,料液比为1：12。而京尼平甙和京尼平甙酸的最佳提取工艺为：在70℃下提取一次,提取时间为1小时,溶剂A的浓度为50％,料液比也为1：12。在此工艺条件下,选取了较佳的提取原料。实验表明在实际应用中,应根据提取目标和原材料选择较好的提取工艺。     

橘皮中黄酮类化合物的研究进展

橘皮中含有丰富的黄酮类化合物,尤其是其中的黄酮和黄酮醇含量虽低,却表现出更强的生物活性。本文就近年来广大研究者对橘皮中黄酮类化合物的种类、生理活性及其制备和开发利用等方面的研究状况作一综述,旨在为发现结构新颖的橘皮黄酮类活性成分及其深度开发利用提供依据。     

从喜树叶中提取喜树碱工艺研究

为优化从喜树叶中提取喜树碱工艺条件,以10kg喜树叶为原料得到的提取物中所含喜树碱的质量为指标,采用四因素三水平正交设计法,筛选影响喜树碱提取工艺的因素,探索最优的提取工艺条件。实验证明,合理的提取方法为：pH值为1.9的酸水法浸提3次,上离子交换柱,用pH为3．5的81％的乙醇溶液洗脱,从l0kg喜树叶中得到2.740提取物,其中喜树碱的含量为98．52％。     

The fine structure of Synura sphagnicola (Korsh.) Korsh. (Chrysophyceae)

S. sphagnicola resembles other species of Synura previously described by electron microscopy in most features of structure but differs in possessing pyrenoids and up to five cylindrical stacks of smooth cisternae which occur between the pyrenoids and leucosin vesicles. Each stack is surrounded by a tubular cisterna which bears ribosomes on its distal face but there are no clear permanent connections between this and the chloroplast ER. Other features apparently unique to this species previously known from light microscopy are described. These include the axial position of the chloroplasts; the peripheral position of the leucosin vesicles; and the loose attachment of the scales. The structure of the body scales is described for the first time from sections. The flagellar scales are formed in the swollen edges of the Golgi cisternae and appear to pass to the cell surface in large vesicles.     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cacalia tangutica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz

Essential oil of the subterranean part of Cacalia tangutica (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrum (MS) tech-nique in two different capillary columns of different polar-ities. Thirty-one components were identified in the oil and the main compounds were a-zingiberene (13.49%), germa-crene D (10.76%), a-pinene (8.54%), caryophyllene(Z-) (6.36%), linalool (6.16%), β-myrcene (4.89%),β-ocimene (Z-) (4.40%)and ocimenone(Z-) (3.58%). The antimicro-bial activity of the oil was evaluated against 2 fungi and 12 bacteria including 6 clinically isolated strains using the agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The results show that the oil presented a broad antimicro-bial spectrum and had better antimicrobial activity against yeast and gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration values were 0.16-5.00 g/L and minimum bactericidal concentration values were 0.16-5.00 g/L.     

华蟹甲草对几种植物病原真菌的离体抗菌活性研究

从华蟹甲草共获得46个提取、分离样品,首先测定这些样品在100 mg/L浓度下对5种植物病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制活性,然后测定活性较高的Y-S16/23～90/96号样品对9种真菌菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)以及对辣椒炭疽病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用.结果表明:对于华蟹甲草的不同组织器官,花提取物的活性相对最高,对供试的5种植物病原菌均有不同程度的抑制活性,其次是叶片提取物,但均是对辣椒炭疽病菌的活性最高;而在所有样品中,Y-S16/23～90/96号样品的活性最高,在100 mg/L浓度下对辣椒炭疽病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的菌丝生长抑制率均超过50%,其作用谱较广,对供试的9种植物病原真菌均有抑制活性,其中对番茄灰霉病菌和辣椒炭疽病菌的活性最高,EC50分别为68.96和99.17 mg/L,对黄瓜疫霉病菌、苹果腐烂病菌、玉米小斑病菌等3个病菌的活性次之,EC50介于137.37～161.68 mg/L之间,对水稻稻瘟病菌、辣椒疫霉病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌、小麦赤霉病菌等4个病菌的活性相对较差,EC50介于303.05～362.54 mg/L之间;Y-S16/23～90/96号样品对辣椒炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发的抑制活性较低.     

从华蟹甲草中分离的两种活性成分对家蝇的杀虫活性

研究了从我国特有植物华蟹甲草Sinacalia tangutica (Maxim.) B. Nord中经生物活性跟踪实验得出的杀虫活性成分Z,Z,Z-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸和Z,Z-9,12-十八碳二烯酸对家蝇Musca domestica vicina的生物活性及对其生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,家蝇经该2种化合物1 mg/mL处理后表现出类似神经毒剂中毒的兴奋症状。这2种化合物对家蝇表现出毒杀作用,24 h时,Z,Z,Z-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸和Z,Z-9,12-十八碳二烯酸对家蝇的LC₅₀值分别为0.26 mg/mL和0.43 mg/mL; 对家蝇触杀作用极低,以1 mg/mL分别点滴处理家蝇后48 h,死亡率分别为21.54%和4.08%。这2种化合物对家蝇的AChE影响不明显,但可引起家蝇的过氧化物酶的活性发生紊乱,对家蝇总糖含量也有一定的影响。Z,Z-9,12-十八碳二烯酸可引起家蝇的Mg-ATPase的比活力降低,而Z,Z,Z-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸引起家蝇的Na-K-Mg-ATPase和Ca-ATPase的比活力较对照上升。     

Anticomplement cycloartane triterpene glycosides from Beesia calthaefolia (Maxim.)

Investigation of the n-BuOH extract of the whole plant of Beesia calthaefolia led to the isolation of three new cycloartane triterpenoids (1–3) and two known compounds (4, 5). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS and optical rotation spectral data. All of the isolates were investigated for their inhibitory effects on the classical pathway of the complement system. Among them, compound 3 showed stronger inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ 148.0 μM) than the positive control (rosmarinic acid, IC₅₀ 181.8 μM), while other compounds (1, 2, 4 and 5) showed moderate activity. The chemical compound studied in this article was rosmarinic acid (PubChem CID: 5281792).     

Three new glycosides from the whole plant of Clematis lasiandra Maxim and their cytotoxicity

Phytochemical investigation on the whole plant of Clematis lasiandra Maxim led to the isolation of two new phenolic glycosides (1 and 2), one new lignanoid glycoside (3), together with three known lignanoid glycosides (4–6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-ethyl-E-caffeate (1), 4-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-3-hydroxyl-phenylethene (2) and (8R)-3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′,9,9′-tetrahydroxy-5′,8-lignan 3′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), on the basis of extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidence. The characteristic of the polymerized C-5′–C-8 type lignanoid aglycone in glycoside 3 was found from genus Clematis for the first time. Compounds 1–6 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines HL-60, Hep-G2 and SGC-7901, the new glycosides 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity against those three tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ in the range from 9.73 to 22.31 μM, while lignanoid glycosides 3–6 showed weak cytotoxicity to those test cell lines with IC₅₀ value more than 52.71 μM.     

Evaluation of Processing Technology for Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai for Ethanol Production

The effects of dilute H₂SO₄ concentration, forage:sulfuric acid ratio, digestion time, and digestion temperature were evaluated to determine effects on ethanol yield of Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai. Twenty single factor experiments were conducted to evaluate H₂SO₄ concentration (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5%, w/w), forage:sulfuric acid ratio (1∶6, 1∶8, 1∶10, 1∶12, and 1∶14, g/ml), digestion time (15, 30, 45, 60, and 90, min), digestion temperature (80, 100, 110, 120, and 125 °C) for 3 replicates of the 5 levels of each factor. Based on results of the single factor experiments, an incomplete factorial was designed to evaluate ethanol yield from the best combinations of single factors. Finally, the best combination was tested by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation experiment in selected combinations according to pretreatment results. Percentage cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of forage residue after pretreatment, and glucose and xylose concentrations of the filtrate were analyzed prior to enzymatic hydrolysis, and percentage crystallinity was observed in untreated grass and pretreated residue. In addition, the solid residues were then hydrolysed and fermented by cellulase and yeast, the concentrations of glucose and ethanol being monitored for 96 h. Results showed that the order of the effect of main effect factors was as follows: digestion temperature > dilute H₂SO₄ concentration > digestion time > forage:sulfuric acid ratio. The best process parameters evaluated were sulfuric acid concentration of 1.5%, forage:sulfuric acid ratio of 1∶6, digestion time of 15 min, and digestion temperature of 120°C. With this combination of factors, 80% of the cellulose was hydrolysed in 96 h, and 78% converted to ethanol. The findings identified that hemicelluloses were the key deconstruction barrier for pretreatment of Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai for ethanol production. The results of this research provide evidence of appropriate combinations of processing factors for production of ethanol from Triarrhena sacchariflora (Maxim.) Nakai.     

小果博落回的生物碱分离与鉴定

以D101大孔吸附树脂为吸附剂,将对小果博落回全草的酸水提取物分为50%乙醇洗脱部分和丙酮洗脱部分.对两部分洗脱物分别进行硅胶柱色谱分离,由50%乙醇洗脱部分得到5个生物碱:二氢血根碱(1),二氢白屈菜红碱(2),6-乙氧基血根碱(3),6-丙酮基血根碱(4)和Bocconarborine A (5).由丙酮洗脱部分得到原阿片碱(6),α-别隐品碱(7),β-别隐品碱(8)和小檗红碱(9).采用波谱分析对化合物进行了结构表征,结果表明,化合物3、4、5、9是首次从该植物中分离得到.     

风箱果腋芽组织培养

1植物名称风箱果[Physocarpusamurensis(Maxim.)Maxim.]。2材料类别休眠期腋芽。3培养条件(1)诱导培养基:WPM+TDZ0.01mg·L-1(单位下同)+IBA1.0;(2)增殖培养基:MS+6-BA1.1+NAA1.0;(3)壮苗培养基:MS+6-BA0.6+NAA2.0;(4)生根培养基:MS+IBA0.1。以上培养基均添加0.65%琼脂和2.5%蔗糖,在高温灭菌前pH值调至5.8。培养温度为25℃,光照时间16h·d-1,光强为30￣40μmol·m-2·s-1。4生长与分化情况4.1无菌材料的获得风箱果的枝条采自黑龙江省尚志市东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场境内。在室内水培3周后,取饱满的腋芽作外植体。腋芽用70%…