骨髓刺激后骨髓干细胞移植治疗下肢缺血的研究进展

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗下肢缺血的研究是近年来令人关注的领域,取得一定的进展,但疗效有待进一步提高。骨髓刺激后自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗肢体缺血取得了较好的疗效;同时它具有抽取骨髓血少、获得细胞量多且安全性高的优点。但其具体作用机理尚不十分明确。内皮祖细胞数量的增加与质量的提高、局部微环境的改变可能是骨髓刺激后自体骨髓干细胞移植促进肢体缺血改善的机制。     

Bone-marrow haematopoietic-stem-cell niches

Adult stem cells hold many promises for future clinical applications and regenerative medicine. The haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the best-characterized somatic stem cell so far, but in vitro expansion has been unsuccessful, limiting the future therapeutic potential of these cells. Here we review recent progress in characterizing the composition of the HSC bone-marrow microenvironment, known as the HSC niche. During homeostasis, HSCs, and therefore putative bone-marrow HSC niches, are located near bone surfaces or are associated with the sinusoidal endothelium. The molecular crosstalk between HSCs and the cellular constituents of these niches is thought to control the balance between HSC self-renewal and differentiation, indicating that future successful expansion of HSCs for therapeutic use will require three-dimensional reconstruction of a stem-cell-niche unit.     

Bone-marrow plasmocytosis--an immunohistological study

Bone-marrow biopsies and smears from 59 patients with reactive plasmocytosis (22), multiple myeloma (24), solitary plasmocytoma (3) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (10) were examined. To demonstrate cytoplasmic immunoglobulin the immunoperoxidase method was applied and evaluated quantitatively. Immunohistology yielded different ranges in kappa/lambda ratio for reactive plasmocytosis (0.4-3.5), multiple myeloma (less than or equal to 0.1 and greater than or equal to 11.2) and MGUS (0.2-3.0). As a result this method seems to be helpful in characterizing a plasmocytosis and distinguishing overt myeloma from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and reactive plasmocytosis. A differentiation of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance from reactive plasmocytosis is not possible histologically and immunohistologically.