Microbiological Synthesis of Fat: THE EFFECTS OF VARYING PH, TEMPERATURE, NITROGEN, INCUBATION PERIOD, AND SUGAR CONCENTRATION ON FAT-PRODUCING MOULDS

1. A more detailed study has been made of the influence of thesefactors on fat formation by Aspergillus nidulans, Penicilliumspinulosum, and Penicillium javanicum. 2. The effect of halving the glucose, while keeping the ammoniumnitrate concentration constant, lowered the yield of fat onsugar used in A. nidulans and P. spinulosum but not in P. javanicumcultures. 3. Keeping the same N: C ratio and raising the glucose concentrationfrom ro to 20 per cent. showed that to per cent. glucose wasmore efficiently converted to fat by A. nidulans and P. javanicum. 4. The iodine values of the extracted fats were higher, in general,with increased length of incubation. Low ammonium nitrate concentrations,however, tended to give low iodine values. 5. The results have been applied on a larger scale by growthin Roux bottles, Glaxo flasks, and a flat stainless-steel tank.     

Microbiological Synthesis of Fat: THE FORMATION OF FAT FROM SUCROSE

1. Forty-three strains of moulds, selected from ten species,were examined to ascertain their capabilities as producers offat, when grown in four different solutions of nutrient inorganicsalts together with sucrose. The three highest yields of feltwere given by Penicillium javanicum van Beyma, P. Soppi Zaleski,and Aspergillus nidulans Eidam, in that order. The fat contenton felt weight was maximal at 34·8 per cent, with P.Soppi, at 28·4 per cent. with Fusarium lini(1), and at25·8 per cent. with A. nidulans; on sugar utilized itwas maximal at 11·4 per cent. with P. Soppi, at 7·9per cent, with A. nidulans, and at 5·6 per cent. withF. lini(1). 2. Other moulds considered worthy of further trial were P. spinulosum,P. aurantiobrunneum, F. graminearum, A. flavus, F. oxysporum,A. clavatus, and P. oxalicum.     

Microbiological Synthesis of Fat: THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN LEVEL ON THE METABOLISM OF PENICILLIUM LILACINUM THOM IN A SUCROSE MEDIUM

1. A study has been made of the relationships between the synthesesof carbohydrate, protein, and fat by Penicillium lilacinum Thomin presence of different amounts of sodium nitrate us a definedsucrose salts medium.
2. Under the defined experimental conditionsincreases in the concentrationof NO^–₂ in the medium werefollowed by increases in therates at which nitrogen and sugarwere taken up by the fungus,in the quantities assimilated,and in total and protein nitrogenin the felt. These conditionsprevailed so long as unassimilatedsugar was available.
3. Mediaof lower NO^–₃ concentration (for example, 0·32or 0·64 per cent. (w/v) NaNO^–₂;) yielded feltsricher in carbohydrate than were those grown in media of higherNO^–₂; content (0·96 or 1·28 per cent. (w/v)NaNO₃ The carbohydrate content of the felts increased graduallyuntil the sugar in the medium was exhausted; carbohydrate contentthen decreased.
4. Media of lower NO^–₃; concentration weremore conduciveto fat synthesis than those of higher NO^–₃;content.

     

薇甘菊的天敌调查初报

经调查和鉴定,我国假泽兰属有两种:原产种为假泽兰Mikania cordata,分布海南省和广东省,不造成为害;入侵种为薇甘菊Mikania micrantha,分布广东、香港和台湾等地,造成严重为害.在假泽兰上采到假泽兰瘤瘿螨Aceria mikaniae(Nalepa).是我国新记录,对假泽兰的生长有较大的抑制作用.薇甘菊有明显的驱避作用,绣线菊蚜Aphis citricolor可致薇甘菊叶片萎缩;在深圳、珠海等地发现薇甘菊上病害普遍,是假尾孢菌属一种真菌Pseudocercospora sp.所致.在有些地方发现菟丝子Cuscuta Japonica Choisy寄生微甘菊,能否用来抑制薇甘菊的生长,值得探讨.     

CLADISTICS OF THE BRYOPSIDALES: A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS

The Bryopsidales contains some of the most species rich and ecologically dominant algae in tropical ecosystems. However, the evolutionary relationships among the 29 genera and several hundred species of this order remain poorly resolved. Because of a lack of known reproductive characters for many taxa, evolutionary hypotheses grouped genera by similarities in morphological characters. To apply standard cladistical analyses to further our understanding of this group, this study presents the first comprehensive compilation of reported morphological, reproductive, and subcellular characteristics for genera in the Bryopsidales. Computer-assisted cladistical analyses ultimately identified phylogenetically informative and uninformative characters. Although the topology of the trees generated in this study is expected to change as additional data are added to this matrix, many traditional groupings and recent groupings based on molecular data were supported.     

乳酸菌微囊化工艺的初步研究

目的 对保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌的微囊化工艺进行摸索。方法 采用喷雾干燥方法。结果 以Ｃ胶（１３．３ｍｌ）＋Ｂ胶（２０ｇ）微囊化对乳酸菌的保护效果较好,菌体存活率达３４．６％,而Ｃ胶（７５ｍｌ）＋Ａ胶（５０ｇ）微囊化对乳酸菌的保护效果最佳,菌体存活率７８％,冷冻干燥工艺结合微囊化技术,可获得较高存活率的乳酸菌活性。结论 微囊化技术可提高菌体的抗热性。