共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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慢性疼痛是一个世界性难题,其治疗效果不佳,与其机制不明有很大关系。解决机制问题,探索有效的治疗方法已经成为研究的焦点。伴随着后基因时代的到来,以及分子生物学,生物信息学等多门生物相关学科的发展,RNA干扰技术,反义寡核苷酸技术,基因芯片等这些功能基因组学中常用的实验手段,通过在基因组或系统水平上全面分析基因的功能,为研究慢性疼痛发生机制,发现新的疼痛调节相关基因以及探索疼痛治疗的新途径开辟了更加广阔的空间。 相似文献
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高等植物中的反转录转座子是构成植物基因组的重要成分之一.它分病毒家族和非病毒家族两类,病毒家族包括反转录病毒和类似于反转录病毒的非病毒转座子,病毒家族中的反转录转座子可再细分为Ty3-gypsy类和Ty1-copia类;非病毒家族可细分为LINE类和SINE类.正常情况下大部分反转录转座子不具有活性,某些生物或非生物因素胁迫可激活部分反转录转座子转座.反转录转座子自身编码反转录酶进行转录,以\"拷贝-粘贴\"的转座模式导致基因组扩增和进化.具有活性的反转录转座子通过插入产生新的突变,可作为一种基因标签技术,应用于功能基因组学研究,并成为研究植物基因功能和表达的重要技术平台.本文综述了近几年来在植物反转录转座子方面的研究进展,主要包括植物反转录转座子的结构、特征、活性及其对基因组的影响和它们在功能基因组学中的应用. 相似文献
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随着人类基因组大规模测序的完成,下一步的挑战是了解每一个基因的功能 . RNA 干扰文库为大规模基因功能筛选提供了可能 . 虽然用于线虫等模式生物的 RNAi 文库,已经证明是大规模基因功能筛选的有效方法,但这些文库不能用于高等动物的细胞 . 自 2003 年以来,用于人的细胞和哺乳动物细胞的 RNAi 文库取得了突破,相继出现构建已知基因 RNAi 文库和构建随机 RNAi 文库的报道,并成功地应用于大规模基因功能的筛选 . RNAi 文库作为一种简单、高效、大规模、高通量的功能基因组学研究的工具,将在基因功能研究、发现新的药物靶基因、发现疾病相关基因等方面有广阔的应用前景 . 相似文献
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TILLING技术在功能基因组学中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
TILLING(定向诱导基因组局部突变)技术是近年发展起来的一种高通量筛选化学诱变的点突变的技术,它利用专一识别点突变的核酸酶结合PCR来检测单核苷酸多态性(SNP)。TILLING技术起源于植物基因组研究,逐渐扩展到动物及人类功能基因组学的研究中。无论是筛选突变体还是研究特定基因的重要性,TILLING都具有高通量、自动化的优势。随着此项技术应用范围的扩展,从诱变剂和内切酶的选择到具体的操作方式,以及结果的识别和统计方法,都有了不少改进。在其他相关学科不断发展的大环境下,TILLING技术也在不断发展,其在功能基因组学研究中的作用也会更显著。 相似文献
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基因组学方法在植物抗逆性研究中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
由于植物抗逆性遗传极其复杂,因而植物抗逆性能(包括抗非生物胁迫如盐碱,干旱,低温等的能力和抗生物协迫如真菌,细菌,病毒和线虫的能力等)的提高受到了极大限制,近年来,基因组学的兴起对我们全面理解植物抗逆性起着革命性作用,结果基因组学将会使我们挖大量全新的抗逆基因,并能揭示各抗逆性基因的详细结构以及抗逆性遗传进化机理,功能基因组学将会阐明植物抗逆中的复杂的调控,网络,揭示涉及抗逆蛋白的多样性,通过比较基因学的研究,可以把从模式植物上获得的抗逆遗传信息推广到基因组较复杂的植物上去,大规模的全新基因的发现及其在抗逆反应中的表达模式的研究和它们在抗逆应中作用的理解将会利用遗传工程进行植物抗逆育种提供广阔的前景。 相似文献
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单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)原理及其在植物功能功能基因组学中的应用前景 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近缘种群或同种个体之间的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)是存在于生物基因组上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的一种DNA序列多态性。它具有高丰度、高信息量和良好稳定性的特点,而且比较适合自动化操作。SNPs将会在植物功能基因组学研究中得到广泛应用,并加强功能基因学与种群遗传学的联系。本文就SNPs及其在植物功能基因组学中的应用前景作一下探讨。 相似文献
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Technique review: how to use RNA interference. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ben Lehner Andrew G Fraser Christopher M Sanderson 《Briefings in Functional Genomics and Prot》2004,3(1):68-83
RNA interference (RNAi) has been rapidly adopted as a general method for inhibiting gene expression in most laboratory organisms. This paper discusses how libraries of RNAi reagents are being used to perform genome-wide reverse genetic screens in both model organisms and mammalian cells. Guidelines for designing effective small interfering RNAs and appropriate controls for mammalian RNAi experiments will also be discussed. 相似文献
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《Expert review of proteomics》2013,10(3):411-419
Chemogenomics involves the combination of a compound’s effect on biological targets together with modern genomics technologies. The merger of these two methodologies is creating a new way to screen for compound–target interactions, as well as map chemical and biological space in a parallel fashion. The challenge associated with mining complex databases has initiated the development of many novel in silico tools to profile and analyze data in a systematic way. The ability to analyze the combinatorial effects of chemical libraries on biological systems will aid the discovery of new therapeutic entities. Chemogenomics provides a tool for the rapid validation of novel targeted therapeutics, where a specific molecular target is modulated by a small molecule. Along with targeted therapies comes the ability to discovery pathway nodes where a single molecular target might be an essential component of more than one disease. Several disease areas will benefit directly from the chemogenomics approach, the most advanced being cancer. A genetic loss-of-function screen can be modulated in the presence of a compound to search for genes or pathways involved in the compound’s activity. Several recent papers highlight how chemogenomics is changing with RNA interference-based screening and shaping the discovery of new targeted therapies. Together, chemical and RNA interference-based screens open the door for a new way to discovery disease-associated genes and novel targeted therapies. 相似文献
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Peptide aptamers are peptides constrained and presented by a scaffold protein that are used to study protein function in cells. They are able to disrupt protein-protein interactions and to constitute recognition modules that allow the creation of a molecular toolkit for the intracellular analysis of protein function. The success of peptide aptamer technology is critically dependent on the performance of the scaffold. Here, we describe a rational approach to the design of a new peptide aptamer scaffold. We outline the qualities that an ideal scaffold would need to possess to be broadly useful for in vitro and in vivo studies and apply these criteria to the design of a new scaffold, called STM. Starting from the small, stable intracellular protease inhibitor stefin A, we have engineered a biologically neutral scaffold that retains the stable conformation of the parent protein. We show that STM is able to present peptides that bind to targets of interest, both in the context of known interactors and in library screens. Molecular tools based on our scaffold are likely to be used in a wide range of studies of biological pathways, and in the validation of drug targets. 相似文献
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Cai-Ping Feng John Mundy 《植物学报(英文版)》2006,48(1):5-14
The present mini-review describes newer methods and strategies, including transposon and T-DNA insertions, TILLING, Deleteagene, and RNA interference, to functionally analyze genes of interest in the model plant Arabidopsis. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the systems are also discussed. 相似文献
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化学基因组学和化学蛋白质组学作为后基因组时代的新技术,是以化学小分子为工具,对细胞的生理过程进行精确干扰,研究有机体和细胞的功能,同时也是新药开发的重要手段。本文综述了化学基因组学和化学蛋白质组学征自噬相关靶点的特异性小分子的发现,及小分子存自噬机理研究中的应用。 相似文献
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Shih YP Kung WM Chen JC Yeh CH Wang AH Wang TF 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2002,11(7):1714-1719
The aims of high-throughput (HTP) protein production systems are to obtain well-expressed and highly soluble proteins, which are preferred candidates for use in structure-function studies. Here, we describe the development of an efficient and inexpensive method for parallel cloning, induction, and cell lysis to produce multiple fusion proteins in Escherichia coli using a 96-well format. Molecular cloning procedures, used in this HTP system, require no restriction digestion of the PCR products. All target genes can be directionally cloned into eight different fusion protein expression vectors using two universal restriction sites and with high efficiency (>95%). To screen for well-expressed soluble fusion protein, total cell lysates of bacteria culture ( approximately 1.5 mL) were subjected to high-speed centrifugation in a 96-tube format and analyzed by multiwell denaturing SDS-PAGE. Our results thus far show that 80% of the genes screened show high levels of expression of soluble products in at least one of the eight fusion protein constructs. The method is well suited for automation and is applicable for the production of large numbers of proteins for genome-wide analysis. 相似文献
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Protein structure prediction in genomics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jones DT 《Briefings in bioinformatics》2001,2(2):111-125
As the number of completely sequenced genomes rapidly increases, including now the complete Human Genome sequence, the post-genomic problems of genome-scale protein structure determination and the issue of gene function identification become ever more pressing. In fact, these problems can be seen as interrelated in that experimentally determining or predicting or the structure of proteins encoded by genes of interest is one possible means to glean subtle hints as to the functions of these genes. The applicability of this approach to gene characterisation is reviewed, along with a brief survey of the reliability of large-scale protein structure prediction methods and the prospects for the development of new prediction methods. 相似文献