科学家揭示细菌通讯路径奥秘

在大多数例子中,通讯路径包括两种蛋白。第一种蛋白称为组氨酸激酶,接收外部信号,接着它激活第二种蛋白,称为应答调控子（response regulator）。     

甲型流行性感冒病毒NS蛋白研究进展

甲型流行性感冒(流感)病毒基因组由8个分节段的负链RNA组成,共编码10种蛋白,其中在病毒复制的早期即有NP蛋白和NS1蛋白的大量表达,提示这两种蛋白在病毒复制过程中及与细胞蛋白的相互作用中发挥着重要的功能.RNA第8节段编码两种蛋白,即非结构蛋白1(NS1)和2(NS2).     

血浆蛋白C、蛋白S抗凝体系的研究进展

蛋白C是一种维生素K依赖糖蛋白,它为血浆丝氨酸蛋白酶酶原;凝血酶能将蛋白C转化为活化蛋白C（APC）,在一种叫蛋白S（PS）的APC协同因子存在时,APC发挥抗凝活性,蛋白C和蛋白S缺陷或缺乏可引起动、静脉血栓形成。     

九种蝗虫精子发生过程中c-kit蛋白特异性表达比较分析(英文)

c-kit蛋白在昆虫和哺乳动物生殖细胞发育中发挥着重要作用。本研究通过免疫组织化学法和生物统计方法,比较分析了隶属于直翅目蝗总科的9种蝗虫精子发生过程中c-kit蛋白表达差异。结果显示,蝗虫精子发生过程中c-kit蛋白均出现阶段特异性表达,并且在9种蝗虫种间c-kit蛋白表达出现显著差异。     

酵母提取物和海带水提液促大肠杆菌生长机理初步研究

研究海带水提液和酵母提取物促大肠杆菌生长的机理。采用二维电泳 (2 DE)和生物质谱等蛋白质组技术对细菌的全蛋白质表达进行研究。发现 8种蛋白出现有规律的变化 ,其中 ,2种蛋白在对数期各组表达量均增高 ,4种蛋白在各组表达量下降且实验组下降更明显 ,1种蛋白在实验组表达量明显降低而对照组无明显变化。     

短时高温暴露下东亚飞蝗雌虫血淋巴蛋白表达分析及质谱鉴定

为研究短时高温对东亚飞蝗Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen血淋巴蛋白的影响,采用Bradford法、SDSPAGE电泳和质谱等方法,对东亚飞蝗雌虫血淋巴样品进行检测。结果表明:短时高温对血淋巴蛋白含量有显著影响(P0.01),36℃-42℃范围内,随温度升高,血淋巴蛋白浓度亦升高,其中39℃、42℃处理组与对照组差异显著(P0.01);短时高温对血淋巴蛋白种类存在一定影响,对照组雌虫血淋巴中存在11种蛋白,高温处理后,4种蛋白含量逐渐增加,6种蛋白含量没有明显变化,1种蛋白消失;经质谱检测,鉴定了5种蛋白,分别为载脂蛋白前体、酚氧化酶原、2个储存蛋白和19 kDa血淋巴蛋白,另外6条蛋白未被鉴定。推测载脂蛋白前体、酚氧化酶原、储存蛋白在东亚飞蝗应对高温胁迫过程中发挥重要作用。     

G—蛋白及其在植物信号转导中的作用

ＧＴＰ结合蛋白（ＧＴＰ－ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ）在生物体内有数种类型,包括转录因子、微管蛋白和信号转导蛋白,最后一种已成为当今研究的热点。结合ＧＴＰ的调节蛋白（ＧＴＰ－ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｒｅｇｕｌａｔｏｒｙｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｓ,简称Ｇ－蛋白）于７０年代...     

ISAAA信息

<正>生物学家揭示某种蛋白在作物性状改变中的作用印第安那大学伯明顿分校David M.Kehoe教授带领的生物学家小组展示了一种被认为在所有有机体中启动蛋白合成的蛋白,也能调控在某种细菌甚至陆地植物中的基因表达。这是科学界的首次发现。这个蛋白名为"转录启动因子3",即IF3,是三种组成核心结构的蛋白之一。这三种蛋白是引导信使RNAs与核糖体连接成为蛋白质转录起始所必需     

瘟病毒的p80(NS3)蛋白

p8 0蛋白为瘟病毒一种多功能的非结构蛋白。综述了p80蛋白的丝氨酸蛋白酶 ,NT Pase酶及RNA解旋酶 3种酶活性 ,并进一步探讨了p80蛋白在瘟病毒生命周期和致性方面的重要性。     

蛋白亚硝基化研究进展及其在植物抗病中的作用

蛋白亚硝基化（S-nitrosylation）是一种在一氧化氮作用下与蛋白半胱氨酸巯基共价结合,使巯基-SH转化为-SNO的反应。作为一种氧化还原依赖的翻译后调控形式,蛋白亚硝基化对多种蛋白的功能具有调节作用,越来越多的证据表明蛋白亚硝基化在植物抗病中发挥重要的作用。简要介绍了蛋白巯基亚硝基化的特点、检测方法、功能研究以及在植物抗病调节方面的最新进展。     

疫毒蛋白质的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳

对北京、河北、青海、山东、湖北、广东等地不同寄主上收集的,属于Phytophthora capsici, P. colocasiae, P. heveae, P. infestans, P. melonis P. nicotianae var. nicotianae和P.nicotianae var.parasitica 7个种和变种的17株菌的蛋白质,进行了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳的分析和比较,经多批次试验,7个种和变种各自恒定地呈现典型的蛋白质图谱,显示出种间的差异。其中P.infestans占11株,它们虽采自不同地区和寄主,又分属5个生理小种,经多次电泳,电泳图谱基本相同,但不同菌株存在一些差异。同一株菌,培养条件对电泳图谱影响不大,不论是培养在含苹果酸盼培养基上,还是培养在延胡索酸培养基上,电泳图谱基本一致,只是电泳材料必须新鲜。     

六种疫霉菌体可溶性蛋白质和酯酶的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶平板电泳研究*

本文对槐生疫霉(Phytophthora robinicola)、掘氏疫霉(P.drechsleri)、樟疫霉(P.cinnamomi)、烟草疫霉(P.nicotianae)、棕榈疫霉(P.palmivora)及辣椒疫霉(P.capsici)等6种疫霉81株菌菌体可溶性蛋白质和酯酶进行了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶平板电泳研究。结果指出,种间蛋白质图谱差异明显,种内菌株间基本一致。就酯酶图谱来说,种内菌株间存在一定差异,但种间差异更为显著。因此,本试验进一步支持槐生疫霉新种的建立。同时表明,菌体可溶性蛋白质电泳图谱在疫霉种的鉴定和分类上具有重要意义,而酯酶电泳图谱在一定程度上也有助于疫霉种的研究。     

六种疫霉菌体可溶性蛋白质和酯酶的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶平板电泳研究

本文对槐生疫霉(Phytophthora robinicola)、掘氏疫霉(P.drechsleri)、樟疫霉(P.cinnamomi)、烟草疫霉(P.nicotianae)、棕榈疫霉(P.palmivora)及辣椒疫霉(P.capsici)等6种疫霉81株菌菌体可溶性蛋白质和酯酶进行了聚丙烯酰胺凝胶平板电泳研究。结果指出,种间蛋白质图谱差异明显,种内菌株间基本一致。就酯酶图谱来说,种内菌株间存在一定差异,但种间差异更为显著。因此,本试验进一步支持槐生疫霉新种的建立。同时表明,菌体可溶性蛋白质电泳图谱在疫霉种的鉴定和分类上具有重要意义,而酯酶电泳图谱在一定程度上也有助于疫霉种的研究。     

Mitochondrial and Nuclear DNA Restriction Enzyme Analysis of the Closely Related Phytophthora Species P. infestans, P. mirabilis, and P. phaseoli

To determine relatedness of the phytopathogenic fungi Phytophthora infestans , P. mirabilis , and P. phaseoli restriction fragment patterns of mitochondrial DNAs of several isolates and hybridization patterns of nuclear DNAs after Southern hybridization with a specific homologous probe were analyzed.
All but two isolates of P. infestans and P. mirabilis show very similar restriction fragment patterns differing only in the length of one fragment due to small insertion/deletion(s). Two isolates of P. mirabilis have one additional site for Scr FI. On the contrary at least six sites differ in P. phaseoli when compared to the other two species. The mitochondrial genome of P. phaseoli is considerably smaller (approx. 6 kbp) than those of P. infestans and P. mirabilis .
A cloned 430 bp multicopy DNA sequence, derived from P. infestans , hybridized specifically with P. infestans, P. mirabilis , and P. phaseoli out of 61 species of Peronosporales ( Phytophthora, Halophytophthora, Pythium, Albugo, Bremia, Peronospora, Plasmopara ) tested and therefore has potential as a diagnostic probe. Restriction patterns revealed by this probe are invariant intraspecifi-cally but differ between the three species.
We consider P. mirabilis a forma specialis of P. infestans because of the very high similarly in its mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns.     

中国橡胶树疫霉种的研究*

疫病是我国植胶区的主要病害。近年来,作者从云南西双版纳和广东海南岛的橡胶树和胶园土共分离出57株疫霉菌种。通过分类研究,共鉴定出4个种:恶疫霉 Phytophthoracactorum(Leb.＆ Cohn)Schroeter,辣椒疫霉 P.capsici Leoman,柑桔褐腐疫霉 P.citrophthora(Sm.＆ Sm.)Leonian,和棕榈疫霉 P.palmivora(Butl.)Butler。其中辣椒疫霉是首次在橡胶树上发现。我国橡胶树疫霉的种群结构与东南亚和南亚的有所不同,除棕榈疫霉外,其余3种在东南亚和南亚均未发现。而东南亚常见种:簇囊疫霉(P.botryosa)、橡胶疫霉(P.heveae)和蜜色疫霉(P.meadii),在我国却迄今尚未发现或有待证实。以前报道分离自胶园土壤中的芋疫霉(P.colocasiae),可能系柑桔褐腐疫霉之误。绝大多数分离物经配对培养均可产生性器官:辣椒疫霉的A~1交配型和A~2交配型大致相等;柑桔褐腐疫霉和棕榈疫霉的A~2交配型则明显多于A~1交配型。     

中国橡胶树疫霉种的研究

疫病是我国植胶区的主要病害。近年来,作者从云南西双版纳和广东海南岛的橡胶树和胶园土共分离出57株疫霉菌种。通过分类研究,共鉴定出4个种:恶疫霉 Phytophthoracactorum(Leb.＆ Cohn)Schroeter,辣椒疫霉 P.capsici Leoman,柑桔褐腐疫霉 P.citrophthora(Sm.＆ Sm.)Leonian,和棕榈疫霉 P.palmivora(Butl.)Butler。其中辣椒疫霉是首次在橡胶树上发现。我国橡胶树疫霉的种群结构与东南亚和南亚的有所不同,除棕榈疫霉外,其余3种在东南亚和南亚均未发现。而东南亚常见种:簇囊疫霉(P.botryosa)、橡胶疫霉(P.heveae)和蜜色疫霉(P.meadii),在我国却迄今尚未发现或有待证实。以前报道分离自胶园土壤中的芋疫霉(P.colocasiae),可能系柑桔褐腐疫霉之误。绝大多数分离物经配对培养均可产生性器官:辣椒疫霉的A~1交配型和A~2交配型大致相等;柑桔褐腐疫霉和棕榈疫霉的A~2交配型则明显多于A~1交配型。     

Species-specific banding patterns of restriction endonuclease-digested mitochondrial DNA from the genusPythium

Restriction endonuclease-digested mitochondrial DNA from 29Pythium spp. showed distinctly different species-specific electrophoretic banding patterns. Numerical comparisons among species were conducted by calculating the percentage of restriction fragments having the same apparent molecular size. The greatest interspecific similarity in banding patterns (67%) was observed betweenHindIII digests ofPythium heterothallicum andP. sylvaticum. However, comparisons among other species generally revealed similarities of less than 50%, and often less than 30%. The lack of similarity of restriction banding patterns was observed even with several species that share many common morphological features:P. arrhenomanes vsP. graminicola (20%),P. myriotylum vsP. aristosporum (28%), andP. torulosum vsP. vanterpoolii (32%). In contrast to the fragment size heterogeneity among different species, isolates of the same species have highly conserved restriction patterns. Ten isolates ofP. oligandrum, collected from the United States, South Africa, and Czechoslovakia, had a minimum of 86% similarity inHindIII banding patterns. Similar results were observed with eight isolates ofP. ultimum, five ofP. acanthicum, six ofP. spinosum, five ofP. sylvaticum, and eight ofP. irregulare. However, two isolates ofP. irregulare exhibited a higher degree of heterogeneity and shared only 64 to 76% comigrating bands with the eight other isolates of this species.     

Paenibacillus associated with milky disease in Central and South American scarabs

Thirty-one isolates of bacteria causing milky disease in scarab larvae collected in Central and South America were identified as Paenibacillus popilliae or Paenibacillus lentimorbus by use of DNA similarity analysis. The isolates were more similar to each other than to the North American isolates that are the type strains of the species. All of the bacteria of both species produced parasporal bodies, a characteristic previously believed to be unique to P. popilliae. Screening of the bacteria using PCR with parasporal protein primers revealed differences among the parasporal protein genes of P. popilliae isolates and between the parasporal genes of P. popilliae and P. lentimorbus. In contrast to P. popilliae from North America, none of the isolates from Central and South America was resistant to vancomycin, an indication of an interesting geographic distribution of the resistance genes.     

液氮保存疫霉属菌种存活期检测

对Phytophthora和Peronophythora所属12个种29株菌在液氮中保存5年零8个月至6年零3个月后检测证明有68.9％的菌种存活下来。但有些种未能存活,这些种有Phytophthora colocasiae(XH30),P.drechsleri(ATCC15428),P.erythroseptica(ATCC36302)与Peronophythora litchii(ATCC 34595)。即使存活的菌种也不一定每个保存的菌株与菌块都存活。说明在液氮中也有存活力下降的现象。除菌种本身耐深冻贮藏特性不同外,贮藏前菌种培养的旺盛程度明显影响存活。对一些菌的致病性测定证明长期保存后致病力维持不变。液氮保藏不失为保持菌种长期不变的良好方法,只是要严格按要求掌握,并对菌的耐冻力先行了解。     

Antibiotic resistance in bacterial isolates from laboratory animal colonies naive to antibiotic treatment

Antiobiogrammes were made of a number of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pasteurella pneumotropica derived from rodent, rabbit or minipig colonies never treated with antibiotics. For S. aureus no differences between rats and mice were found in the percentage of resistant isolates. Gentamicin and erythromycin were found to be the most efficient, while the highest percentages of resistance were found to be against penicillins and sulphonamides. In general, the results from antibiogrammes on E. coli were rather uniform, with only slight differences between isolates from different species, except that more vancomycin and tetracycline-resistant minipig isolates were found. In almost all isolates of E. coli, resistance was shown against penicillin, fucidin, macrolides, lincosamides and tiamulin. For a number of antibiotics, mouse isolates of P. pneumotropica were more frequently found to be sensitive than rat isolates. The resistance patterns of E. coli from the minipigs were quite similar to resistance patterns found in farm pigs, but apart from this, the resistance patterns of the bacterial species tested did not resemble human or farm animal patterns in any of the animal species, and, therefore, these studies do not support the theory that S. aureus and E. coli in laboratory animal colonies derive from the normal flora of the human caretakers. The fact that rodent species of E. coli, in contrast to human and farm animal species, are sensitive to ampicillin, tetracyclines, and the combination of sulphonamides and trimethoprim, might be due to the fact that these antibiotics are not used in rodent populations.