广州龙归盆地古新世介形类动物群

广州龙归盆地古新世介形类化石全部来自全取芯钻井剖面,据42口钻井1000个样品统计,发现介形类16属40种,本文描述其中15属39种。龙归盆地古新世介形类动物群以Cypris,Sinocypris,Cyprois,Li mnocythere四属分布最广、最常见,归属Sinocypris动物群,据其纵向分布规律,划分3个化石带,自下而上为:Ⅰ.Cypris con-cina带;Ⅱ.Sinocypris curtovata带;Ⅲ.Cyprois reniformis带。作者认为Ⅰ带的莘庄村组的时代属古新世早期,Ⅱ带的(土布)心组为古新世中期,Ⅲ带的宝月组为古新世晚期。     

湖南衡阳盆地岭茶地区古近纪介形类动物群

描述衡阳盆地东北部岭茶地区介形类化石9属23种。岭茶地区古近纪介形类动物群以Cypris和Li mnocythere两属最繁盛,可划分为两个化石组合:栗木坪组为Cypris henanensis-Cyprois reniformis-Li mno-cythere honggangensis组合,岭茶组为Li mnocythereirregularis-Cypris favosa-Ilyocypris gaoyouensis组合。岭茶地区栗木坪组与珠江三角洲地区宝月组的介形类动物群相同,岭茶组与华涌组的介形类面貌也基本相同,因此栗木坪组和岭茶组的时代应属晚古新世和早始新世,这与栗木坪组和岭茶组中哺乳动物、古地磁和碳氧同位素的研究结果相一致。     

湖南衡阳盆地岭茶地区古近纪介形类动物群北大核心

描述衡阳盆地东北部岭茶地区介形类化石9属23种。岭茶地区古近纪介形类动物群以Cypris和Li mnocythere两属最繁盛,可划分为两个化石组合:栗木坪组为Cypris henanensis-Cyprois reniformis-Li mno-cythere honggangensis组合,岭茶组为Li mnocythereirregularis-Cypris favosa-Ilyocypris gaoyouensis组合。岭茶地区栗木坪组与珠江三角洲地区宝月组的介形类动物群相同,岭茶组与华涌组的介形类面貌也基本相同,因此栗木坪组和岭茶组的时代应属晚古新世和早始新世,这与栗木坪组和岭茶组中哺乳动物、古地磁和碳氧同位素的研究结果相一致。     

广东南雄盆地上湖组介形类动物群及白垩-第三系界线

南雄盆地上湖组介形类可划分为2个性质不同的动物群及4个化石带:下部为 Porpocypris 动物群,是以中生代属种为主,中、新生代属种混生的过渡性动物群,时代为晚白垩世最晚期;上部为 Cypris 动物群,以 Cypris 属占优势, Sinocypris 属开始出现, Cypridea 等古老属种绝灭为主要特征,时代为早—中古新世.根据介形类演化发展阶段和白垩纪末生物绝灭事件,南雄盆地白垩系与第三系的界线应划在 Porpocypris 与 Cypris 动物群之间,即上湖组坪岭段与下惠段之间.     

对我国Cypris decaryi化石种的讨论

我国非海相下始新统或其相邻层位中所产Cypris,常被鉴定为分布于非洲和拉丁美洲的一个现代种Cypris decaryi Gauthier的化石种。经对已报道的化石种壳长、壳高、壳厚的统计,并与现生种进行对比,化石种明显小于现生种。另外,在壳面装饰和内部构造方面二者都有不同。因此,化石种与现生种不同。我国被定为Cypris decaryi Gauthier的化石种应改定为Cypris henanensis Guan et Sun。通过综合分析,本文提出Cypris henanensis是我国始新世早期非海相沉积中的标志化石。     

内蒙古巴丹吉林沙漠东南部湖泊底质中现代介形类

本文对我国内蒙古西部巴丹吉林沙漠地区37个湖泊底泥样进行分析、鉴定,共鉴定出介形类6属7种(含一个未定种):意外湖花介(Limnocythere inopinata)、喜盐异星介(Heterocypris salina)、脆弱大带星介(Megazonocypris fragilis)、疏忽玻璃介(Candona neglecta)、纯净小玻璃介(Candoniella albicans)、近球形金星介比较种(Cypris cf.subglobosa)、金星介未定种(Cypris sp.)。其中L.inopinata是该地区的优势种,并且具有不同表型特征的个体均有存在,分析认为盐度的变化并不是影响其壳饰发育的唯一因素。     

广东南雄盆地罗佛寨群的介形类动物群

作者依据坪岭、武台岗、罗佛寨、城南、枫门坳、修仁、黄茅坪、暖水塘等8条剖面725个样品的研究,系统描述了罗佛寨群的介形类化石21属78种,包括2个新种;建立了罗佛寨群介形类序列,自下而上划分出.Porpocypris globra,Porpocypris sphaeroidalis,Cypris concina,Sinocypris excelsa和Cyprois reniformis 5个介形类化石带.前两个带合称.Porpocypris动物群,时代属晚白垩最晚期.后三带称为Cypris-Sinocypris动物群,时代分别为早、中、晚古新世.     

豫、鄂李官桥盆地早第三纪介形类兼论Cypris henanensis的个体发育

李官桥盆地“红层”生物地层学的研究开始于二十年代(李捷、朱森,1930)。随着古脊椎动物等化石的发掘,地层的划分对比臻于完善。我国非海相早第三纪介形类是其中较丰富的化石之一,因此,对已知地层中建立对比标准有一定意义。本文共描述介形类7属11种,并着重对保存丰富、完美的Cypris henanensis的个体发育进行阐述,为它们的生长发育、正确鉴别及古生态的探讨提供新资料。     

云南滇池淡水介形类新记录

本文记述了采自我国云南省滇池的淡水介形类5种现生种,即泽氏玻星介Candonocypris novaezelandiae(Baird)、青春金星介Cypris puberaO.F.Mller、黑纹斗星介Cypridopsis nigrovittataOkubo、非调和异星介Heterocypris incongruens(Ramdohr)和克氏瘤丽星介Physocypria kraepelini G.W.Mlle。它们在滇池和云南省系首次报道,其中C.novaezelandiae在我国是首次发现。同时描述了两个种的软体组织,增添了我国高原断陷湖泊现生介形类动物群名录。     

华东地区元荡湖现生介形类新记录

本文首次记述了采自我国东部元荡湖的现生介形类7属9种,分别为:近球形金星介Cypris subglobosa Sowerby,1840、膨大丽神介Cypretta turgida(Sars,1896)、克氏丽星介Cypria kraepelini(G.W.Müller,1903)、无偶斗星介Cypridopsis vidua(O.F.Müller,1776)、塔尔薄丽星介Dolerocypria taalensis Tressler,1937、豆形豆形玻璃介Fabaeformiscandona fabaeformis(Fischer,1851)、弯叶豆形玻璃介F.myllaina Smith et Kamiya,2007、豆形玻璃介(未定种)Fabaeformiscandonasp.和粗糙土星介Ilyocypris salebrosa Stepanaitys,1960。这些属种在太湖流域的淀泖湖群系首次报道,其中F.myllaina和I.salebrosa均首次报道于我国东部湖区。本研究丰富了我国介形类记录,可为介形类地理区系研究提供基础资料。     

中国黄梅属地衣的初步订正

本文是作者对中国黄梅属地衣从形态与化学两方面进行比较研究之后的初步订正。研究结果表明,文献中所记载的中国 Parmelia conspersa Ach. 实际上为Xanthoparmeliatinctina(Mah.et Gillet)Hale及X.mexicana (Gyeln.)Hale的误用名称;长白山的Parmeliasubramigera Gyeln. 则为X. mexicana的误用名;Parmelia stenophylla(Ach.)Heug.及Parmeliasubconspersa Nyl为X. taractica(Krempb.)Hale的误用名;Parmelia vagans (Nyl.)Nyl.为X.camtschadalis(Ach.)Hale的误用名。此外,文中还报道了新组合一种,新变种一个,中国新记录一种。     

The identity of the non-marine ostracod Cypris subglobosa Sowerby from the intertrappean deposits of Peninsular India

During an investigation of type collections in The Natural History Museum, London, made in India during the nineteenth century, the syntypes of Cypris subglobosa Sowerby have been re-discovered. This species is shown to belong to the genus Paracypretta and to be confined to the Upper Cretaceous, and possibly Palaeocene, non-marine intertrappean deposits of the Indian Deccan Volcanic Province. The numerous and widespread Recent and Quaternary records of this taxon are of a separate species that belongs to the genus Cypris . The examination of comparative material from a number of localities in India reveals the presence of two other contemporary species of Paracypretta P. jonesi Bhatia and Rana and P. elizabethae sp. nov., which is formally described herein.     

Redescription of Cystidicoloides fischeri based on specimens from piranhas in Brazil, and erection of a new genus (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae)

The cystidicolid nematode Cystidicoloides fischeri (Travassos, Artigas and Pereira, 1928) is redescribed from specimens collected from the stomach of the San Francisco piranha, Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier), and the white piranha, Serrasalmus brandtii (Lütken) (both Characidae, Characiformes) (new host records), from the Três Marias Reservoir, Upper S?o Francisco River, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The morphology of this type species of Cystidicoloides Skinker, 1931, studied with both light and scanning electron microscopy, is characterized by some taxonomically important, previously unreported features, such as the presence of a cephalic cuticular collarette, subdorsal and subventral cephalic spikes, cuticular tooth-like elevations inside the prostom, deirids, area rugosa, and details in the structure of the cephalic end. Heliconema izecksohni Fabio, 1982 is transferred to Cystidicoloides as C. izecksohni (Fabio, 1982) n. comb. Cystidicoloides uniseriata Valovaya and Valter, 1988 is considered a species inquirenda with uncertain generic appurtenance. The presence of subdorsal and subventral cephalic spikes and the collarette are characteristic of Cystidicoloides, comprising only species parasitizing Neotropical fishes. The species from salmonids in the Holarctic, hitherto reported mostly as Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum (Linstow, 1872), belongs to a different, newly erected genus, for which the name Salmonema n. gen. (type species S. ephemeridarum) is now proposed. Cystidicoloides prevosti (Choquette, 1951) is transferred to Salmonema as S. prevosti (Choquette, 1951) n. comb. Sterliadochona ssavini Skryabin, 1948 and Sterliadochona Skryabin, 1948 are considered as species inquirenda and a genus inquirendum, respectively. A key to species of Cystidicoloides is provided.     

A revision of the genus Sige Malmgren (Polychaeta: Phyllodocidae)

The genus Sige Malmgren, 1865 is revised and the type species S.fusigera Malmgren, 1865, redescribed from syntypes and newly collected topotype material. Based on examination of type specimens, six species described from other genera are transferred to Sige: Pirakia brunnea Fauchald, 1972; Vitiazia dogieli Ushakov, 1953; Eulalia longocirrata Stop-Bowitz, 1948; Eumida (Eumidaj parvicirrus Perkins, 1984; Eulalia sandwichensis Ushakov, 1975; Eulalia sigeformis Annekova, 1937. The genus Vitiazia Ushakov, 1953, being monotypic, becomes a junior synonym to Sige. Pirakia lanceolata Hartman & Fauchald, 1971 is synonymized with Sige longocirrata (Støp-Bowitz, 1948) and Sige oliveri sp. nov. is described from western Norway and Sweden. Ten species are recognized as belonging to Sige . The relationships of Sige to other genera are discussed.     

Inferring past zooplanktivorous fish and macrophyte density in a shallow lake: application of a new regression tree model

1. Eutrophication has a profound effect on the biological structure and function of shallow lakes, altering the composition and abundance of submerged macrophyte and fish assemblages. Relatively little is known, however, about decadal to centennial‐scale change in these important aspects of shallow lake ecology. 2. Established palaeolimnological inference models are limited to reconstructing a single variable. As macrophyte and zooplanktivorous fish abundance exert dual and interacting controls on cladoceran assemblages a single variable inference model may contain significant error. To obviate this problem, we applied a new cladoceran‐based multivariate regression tree (MRT) model to cladoceran subfossil assemblages from dated cores from a small shallow lake (Felbrigg Lake, U.K.) to assess long‐term change in fish and submerged macrophyte abundance. Plant macrofossil, chironomid and mollusc subfossil assemblages were also analysed to track changes in biological structure and function and to evaluate the inferences of the MRT model. 3. Over the 200+ year period covered by the sediment cores, there was good agreement in the timing and nature of ecological change reflected by the plant macrofossil, mollusc, chironomid and cladoceran data. The sediment sequence was divided into three dated zones: c. 1797–1890, c. 1890–1954 and c. 1954–present. Prior to 1890 plant‐associated mollusc, cladoceran and chironomid assemblages indicated a species‐rich macrophyte community; a scenario confirmed by the plant macrofossil data. From c. 1890 to 1954 macrophyte‐associated species of all three invertebrate groups remained abundant but the proportion of pelagic cladocerans rose. Post‐1954 mollusc and chironomid assemblages changed to sediment associated detrital feeders and the proportion of pelagic cladoceran taxa increased further. 4. The cladoceran‐based MRT model indicated a long period of stability, c. 1790–1927, characterised by abundant submerged macrophytes and zooplanktivorous fish. From c. 1927 to 1980, the MRT model inferred a decline in zooplanktivorous fish density (ZF) but relative stability in August macrophyte abundance. From 1980 to 2000, an increase in zooplanktivorous fish was inferred tallying well with available data on the fish population (since the 1970s), which indicated extirpation of perch in the 1970s and a subsequent increase in the rudd population. The model inferred little change in August macrophyte abundance until post‐c. 1980 at which point it indicated a decline. The surface sediment assemblage was placed in MRT group A, where submerged plants are absent or very rare in late summer in good agreement with current conditions at the site. 5. The MRT model, applied here for the first time, appears to have successfully tracked changes in macrophyte abundance and ZF over the last 200 years at Felbrigg Lake. The inferences agreed with historical observations on the fish community and the supporting palaeolimnological data. Given that multiple structuring forces shape most biological communities, the application of a model capable of allowing for this represents a significant advance in palaeolimnology.     

Stomatal density responses of temperate woodland plants over the past seven decades of CO2 increase: a comparison of Salisbury (1927) with contemporary data

We investigated the possible effect of recent (1927-1995) increases in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 on the stomatal densities of leaves of a wide range of tree, shrub, and herb species (N = 60) by making new measurements for comparison with corresponding data reported by E. J. Salisbury in 1927--a time when ice core studies indicate CO2 concentrations ~55 mL/L lower than present. A detailed intraspecific study of the herb Mercurialis perennis showed plants of M. perennis in a Cambridgeshire woodland in 1994 had significantly lower stomatal densities, irrespective of leaf insertion point, compared with their 1927 counterparts. Comparisons made across species using evolutionary comparative methods (independent contrasts) revealed a significant (P 2 increases have influenced leaf morphology in a manner consistent with recent experiments and the palaeoecological record. Further analyses suggested that the strength of the stomatal density response was independent of life form but dependent on "exposure" and the initial leaf stomatal density. Consequently, firmer predictions for future changes in stomatal density across all species, expected as a possible result of anthropogenically related CO2 increases, may now be possible.     

紫堇属模式标本馆藏现状及分析

模式标本是发表新种的依据,对稳定物种学名至关重要。紫堇属(Corydalis DC.)隶属于罂粟科(Papaveraceae)荷包牡丹亚科(Fumarioideae)紫堇族(Corydaleae),是分类学研究的困难属之一。该研究首先基于《中国植物志》、Flora of China以及全球物种名录查询获得被认可的526个紫堇属物种,然后通过检索全球数字化植物标本数据库(JSTOR)、全球生物多样性信息网络数据库(GBIF)和中国数字植物标本馆(CVH)获得了其中395个物种1 894份模式标本,最后对获得的标本信息进行核实、整理和归纳,提取模式类型、馆藏地、采集人、模式产地和采集时间等关键信息进行统计分析。结果表明:紫堇属每个物种平均仅有约5份模式标本; 该属模式标本散落在全球80个标本馆中,其中超过85%为国外采集者采集。未来应当结合文献,加强对该属模式标本的信息考证和规范化整理。     

中国牙甲属Hydrophilus Geoffroy分类订正(鞘翅目:牙甲科)

对中国牙甲属Hydrophilus已知且有标本的种类进行了重新描述,编制了除卵形牙甲H.olivaceus Fabricius外的分种检索表。点腹牙甲H.sternitalis(Reitter)在我国的分布记录(除新疆外)为错误的鉴定。H.sternitalis(Reitter)应该被认为是宽跗牙甲H.piceus(Linnaeus)的异名。