败血症大鼠心肌肌浆网phospholamban蛋白磷酸酶活性的变化

用ＤＥＡＥ－Ｓｅｐｈａｃｅｌ层析法部分纯化了大鼠心肌肌浆网ｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｌａｍｂａｎ（ＰＬＢ）蛋白磷酸酶（ＰＰａｓｅ）,并证明其是ＰＰａｓｅ－１。在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳放射自显影上证明,ＥＳ大鼠心肌ＳＲ部分纯化的ＰＬＢＰＰａｓｅ对底物＾３２Ｐ－磷酸化酶ａ和＾３２Ｐ－ＳＲ）的去磷酸化作用明显减弱;ＬＳ大鼠该部分纯化的ＰＰａｓｅ对底物的去磷酸化作用和健康大鼠相比未见明显变化。测定败血症大鼠心肌ＳＲ及其     

H2O2和.OH及其清除剂对大麦叶片液泡膜微囊质子转运活性的影响

大麦叶片液泡膜微囊经Ｈ２Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ处理后,Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ 和Ｈ＋ＰＰａｓｅ 水解活性和泵运质子活性下降, Ｈ＋ＰＰａｓｅ 对Ｈ２Ｏ２ 更敏感一些。同时加入与Ｈ２Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ 相同浓度的抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ） 或甘露醇可显著恢复两种酶的活性和质子转运活性。Ｈ２Ｏ２ 和·ＯＨ 处理后,Ｈ＋ＡＴＰａｓｅ 米氏常数（ Ｋｍ） 变大,Ｈ＋ＰＰａｓｅ 的最大反应速度（ Ｖｍａｘ） 减小     

蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酯酶（Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase）的功能作用

蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酯酶（Ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ　Ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅ　Ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ）的功能作用廖侃（中国科学技术大学生物系合肥２３００２７）８０年代以来,蛋白质中酪氨酸残基的磷酸化由于它在调控细胞生长、分化和癌变中的重要作用,一直是人们研究的焦点问题之一...     

蛋白磷酸化与两组分信号系统

可逆的蛋白磷酸化是生物体内存在的一种最为普遍的调节方式,几乎涉及所有的生理及病理过程,在细胞的信号传递中起着极其重要的作用。根据底物蛋白质被磷酸化的氨基酸种类可将各种蛋白激酶分为3类:第一类为丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(ｓｅｒｉｎｅｔｈｒｅｏｎｉｎｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｋｉｎａｓｅ,ＳＰＫ),目前发现的蛋白激酶多属此类;第二类为酪氨酸蛋白激酶(ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｋｉｎａｓｅ,ＴＰＫ),这类激...     

甲状旁腺素增强成骨样细胞ROS 17/2.8中酪氨酸蛋白磷酸化的研究

为了研究甲状旁腺素（ｐａｒａｔｈｙｒｏｉｄｈｏｒｍｏｎｅ,ＰＴＨ）促成骨样细胞ＲＯＳ１７／２．８增殖分化的信号传递的机理,观察了ＰＴＨ对细胞内酪氨酸蛋白激酶（ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｋｉｎａｓｅｓ,ＴＰＫ）活性及酪氨酸蛋白磷酸化水平的影响,并检测了ＰＴＨ对ｃ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ表达的诱导作用．结果表明,ＰＴＨ可增强细胞内ＴＰＫ活性,提高细胞内酪氨酸蛋白磷酸化水平,以及促进ｃ－ｒａｓｍＲＮＡ的持续表达．这些结果提示,ＰＴＨ促增殖的细胞内信息传递通路与酪氨酸蛋白激酶－ｒａｓ－ＭＡＰＫｉｎａｓｅ通路密切相关,而ＰＫＡ／ＰＫＣ通路的最终效应可能是通过与上述通路的ｃｒｏｓｓｔａｌｋ实现的     

MKP—1在血管紧张素Ⅱ导致心肌肥大反应中的调控作用

本研究主要从丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸酶－１（ＭＫＰ－１）角度,研究丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）信号途径在血管紧张素Ⅱ介导的新生大鼠心肌细胞肥大反应中的作用及调控机制。实验以心肌细胞蛋白合成速率、蛋白含量及细胞表面积作为心肌肥大反应的指标,以凝胶内ＭＢＰ原位磷酸化测定ＭＡＰＫ活性,以免疫印迹法（Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｏｌｔｔｉｎｇ）分别测定ＭＫＰ－１及磷酸化ｐ４４ＭＡＰＫ、ｐ４２ＭＡＰＫ蛋白表达。结果发     

JNK／SAPK信号传递途径与细胞应激反应

ｃ－ＪｕｎＮＨ２－末端激酶（ＪＮＫ）又称为应激活化蛋白激酶（ＳＡＰＫ）,是有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）家族成员之一。大量研究证实,ＪＮＫ／ＳＡＰＫ信号传递途径在细胞应激反应中起重要作用。ＪＮＫ／ＳＡＰＫ信号传递途径的激活促进细胞凋亡发生,其机制与诱导ＦａｓＬ表达、调控凋亡相关基因差异表达和改变细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋环境与激活ｃａｓｐａｓｅｓ家族在关。在某些情况下,ＪＮＫ／ＳＡＰＫ信号传递途径的激活     

佛波酯对A—549细胞株中蛋白激酶C的调节

探讨了佛波酯（ｐｈｏｒｂｏｌ １２－ｍｙｒｉｓｔａｔｅ １３－ａｃｅｔａｔｅ,ＰＭＡ）对人肺癌表皮细胞株Ａ－５４９细胞中数种蛋白激酶Ｃ（ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ｋｉｎａｓｅ Ｃ,ＰＫＣ）亚型的调节作用,用蛋白质免疫印迹法在Ａ－５４９细胞中检测到有ＰＫＣ－α、ＰＫＣ－βⅡ、ＰＫＣ－γ、ＰＫＣ－δ和ＰＫＣ－ε等亚型的表达,但未检测到ＰＫＣ－ζ的表达。ＰＭＡ对细胞的短时间处理诱导所有这５种亚型的不同程序的转位（     

PKC刺激与抑制对HeLa细胞G_1/S期进程的影响

蛋白激酶Ｃ（ｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｋｉｎａｓｅＣ,ＰＫＣ）是一类分布广泛的丝氨酸／苏氨酸蛋白激酶,在真核细胞的跨膜信号传递中发挥重要的作用［１］．而细胞周期进程是一个复杂的调控过程,受控于多种磷酸酶与磷酸激酶作用下的中心调控体系［２］．大量报道表明ＰＫＣ信号...     

蛋白激酶C对N－乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶Ⅲ的调节

人肝癌细胞株７７２１细胞的Ｎ－乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶Ⅲ（ＧｎＴⅢ）活性受Ｓｅｒ／Ｔｈｒ蛋白激酶的两种抑制剂ｑｕｅｒｃｅｔｉｎ和三氟吡嗪（ＴＦＰ）．蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）的两种特异性抑制剂Ｄ－鞘氨醇和ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ的抑制。用ＰＭＡ处理细胞舌,ＧｎＴⅢ活力随膜性ＰＫＣ（ｍ－ＰＫＣ）活力而平行变化,但与胞液ＰＫＣ活力的变化无关。Ｑｕｅｒｃｅｔｉｎ、Ｄ－鞘氨醇和ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ还能够阻断ＰＭＡ对ＧｎＴⅢ的激活。Ｑｕｅｒｃｅｔｉｎ、ｓｔａｕｒｏｓｐｏｒｉｎｅ对ｍ－ＰＫＣ和ＧｎＴⅢ的抑制作用基本上与它们的应用浓度成正比关系。当人及大鼠肾脏的粗ＧｎＴ制剂分别用碱性磷酸酶切除磷酸基后,ＧＤＴⅢ的活力明显下降。这些结果表明ｍ－ＰＫＣ可能通过蛋白质的Ｓｅｒ／Ｔｈｒ残基上磷酸化和去磷酸化作用直接或间接地调节ＧｎＴⅢ。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism