磷酸化酶mRNA在水稻雌蕊中表达的时空动态

利用ＲＮＡ原位杂交技术,对水稻受精前后雌蕊组织切片进行磷酸化酶基因表达的定位。结果显示,磷酸化酶ｍＲＮＡ在柱头、花柱、子房壁以及维管束中大量表达,而胚珠中除合点部位外表达很弱。受精前后的胚囊中各细胞磷酸化酶ｍＲＮＡ表达也很弱,并且没有明显的时空变化。在积累淀粉的胚乳细胞中磷酸化酶ｍＲＮＡ大量分布。原胚中的磷酸化酶ｍＲＮＡ表达较弱,到分化胚积累过渡性淀粉时才显著增加。本文首次对磷酸化酶ｍＲＮＡ在植物雌性器官发育过程中的时空分布动态作了初步研究。     

GABA减缓缺氧引起的神经营养素mRNA表达量的变化

γ－氨基丁酸是中枢神经系统中的一种内源性抑制递质。近年已有实验证据揭示ＧＡＢＡ具有抵抗中枢神经元缺氧或缺血损伤的作用,但其机制尚不清楚。脑源性神经营养因子ＢＤＮＦ,神经生长因子ＮＧＦ和神经营养素－３是同一家族的成员,它们在海马脑区均有表达。为研究ＧＡＢＡ抗缺氧作用的机制,我们以培养的海马ＣＡ１神经元为材料,采用原位杂交的方法检测了缺氧后ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮＡ,ＮＧＦｍＲＮＡ和ＮＴ－３ｍＲＮＡ表达量的变化以及ＧＡＢＡ对这种变化的影响。结果显示,缺氧使ＮＧＦｍＲＮＡ和ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮＡ的表达量迅速上调且前者的变化极为剧烈,而ＮＴ－３ｍＲＮＡ的表达量显著下降;用２０μＭ的ＧＡＢＡ处理细胞后,上述缺氧引起的神经营养因子ｍＲＮＡ表达量的上升或下降幅度均被减缓,其中对ＮＧＦｍＲＮＡ表达量变化的影响最为显著。这些结果表明,ＧＡＢＡ具有稳定缺氧后ＢＤＮＦｍＲＮＡ,ＮＧＦｍＲＮＡ和ＮＴ－３ｍＲＮＡ表达水平的作用。推测这种作用与ＧＡＢＡ增加氯电导,维持钙稳态以及提高神经元的抗缺氧能力的效应有一定联系     

钙调素mRNA在受精前后分离的烟草胚囊中的定位

建立了一种新的ｍＲＮＡ原位杂交方法,适用于微量材料的整体观察。应用这一方法定位烟草（ＮｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｂａｃｕｍＬ．ｃｖ．Ｗ３８）受精前后胚囊成员细胞中的钙调素ｍＲＮＡ（ＣａＭｍＲＮＡ）。结果显示成熟胚囊中的ＣａＭｍＲＮＡ主要分布于珠孔极的卵器和合点极的反足细胞;中央细胞中较少。受精前后胚囊中ＣａＭｍＲＮＡ的分布发生显著变化,特别是授粉后到受精前极核与卵器之间出现一条暂时的钙调素ｍＲＮＡ条带。受精前不久该带消失,ＣａＭｍＲＮＡ扩展为占据胚囊珠孔端的扇形区域。受精后胚囊中钙调素ｍＲＮＡ主要集中于伸长的合子和原胚的合点端。讨论了钙调素ｍＲＮＡ表达与受精的关系。     

切断外侧嗅束后嗅球中僧帽细胞内B—50（GAP—43）mRNA的表达

本工和用原位杂交方法研究大鼠嗅球中僧帽细胞损伤后，Ｂ－５０（ＧＡＰ－４３）ｍＲＮＡ表达的变化。结果表明外侧嗅束切断，导致约４０％的僧帽细胞内Ｂ－５０ｍＲＮＡ表达显著增高。持续到损伤后１０ｄ，在损伤后４周已下降至对照水平。而外侧嗅束切断后，大量僧帽细胞逐渐退化。因此本文工作报道嗅球中部分僧帽细胞，具有应答损伤而致细胞内Ｂ－５０ｍＲＮＡ上升的能力，但这种反应并不伴随被切断的嗅束的再生。     

表面活性物质相关蛋白表达的调控研究进展

特异性的肺表面活性物质相关蛋白（ＳＰ）包括亲水性的ＳＰ－Ａ、ＳＰ－Ｄ和疏水性的ＳＰ－Ｂ、ＳＰ－Ｃ．它们的表达与合成受众多生理、病理因素影响。本文综述了该领域的研究进展。１．ＳＰ表达的组织细胞特异性调控：只有肺内某些细胞（肺泡Ⅱ型细胞、Ｃｌａｒａ细胞等）能合成分泌ＳＰ,这可能是由ＳＰ基因中特定序列决定的,如ＳＰ－Ｂ基因的细胞特异性表达的调控成分。２．ＳＰ表达的发育期调控：ＳＰ基因属发育控制基因家族。在人类妊娠前３ｍｏｎ胎肺中,ＳＰ基本不表达：妊娠１５－１８ｗｋ时,气管、支气管上皮细胞即可见ＳＰ－Ｂ、ＳＰ－ＣｍＲＮＡｓ和表达蛋白,它们可能比ＳＰ－Ａ出现早：妊娠１９－２０ｗｋ时可见ＳＰ－ＡｍＲＮＡ和表达蛋白,胎肺组织在体外无激素条件下培养可很快诱导ＳＰ表达,在妊娠后３ｍｏｎ内,各ＳＰｍＲＮＡｓ及其表达蛋白水平与磷脂水平平行升高,也与ＳＰ降低表面张力的特性逐渐增强相关,羊水中可检出这些蛋白,板层体的出现与ＳＰ－Ｂ的表达密切相关,而比ＳＰ－Ａ的表达早,胎肺发育过程中ＳＰｍＲＮＡｓ增加至少部分是由于其基因转录率升高,可能同时也与翻译增加有关。３．糖皮质激素对ＳＰ表达的调控：糖皮质激素对ＳＰ－Ａ表达的调控极复杂,且与剂量     

切断外侧嗅束后嗅球中僧帽细胞内B－50（GAP－43）mRNA的表达

本工作用原位杂交方法研究大鼠嗅球中僧帽细胞（一种ＣＮＳ神经元）损伤后,Ｂ－５０（ＧＡＰ－４３）ｍＲＮＡ表达的变化。结果表明外侧嗅束切断,导致约４０％的僧帽细胞内Ｂ－５０ｍＲＮＡ表达显著增高。持续到损伤后１０ｄ,在损伤后４周已下降至对照水平。而外侧嗅束切断后,大量僧帽细胞逐渐退化。因此本文工作报道嗅球中部分僧帽细胞,具有应答损伤而致细胞内Ｂ－５０ｍＲＮＡ上升的能力。但这种反应并不伴随被切断的嗅束的再生。     

间隙连接蛋白Cx43在人胚肺和肺癌细胞表达的研究

细胞与细胞之间通过细胞膜上的间隙连接通道交换小分子和离子进行细胞间通讯,对细胞增殖分化调控和机体内环境稳定有重要作用。用间隙连接蛋白Ｃｘ４３ｃＤＮＡ探针Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交,Ｃｘ４３抗体免疫荧光染色和罗氏黄荧光染料传输方法检查,正常人胚肺细胞的Ｃｘ４３在ｍＲＮＡ和蛋白水平有高表达,Ｃｘ４３蛋白免疫荧光分布在间隙连接的部位,细胞间隙连接通讯功能明显。与正常相反,人肺癌ＰＧ系细胞Ｃｋ４３无论在ｍＲＮＡ或蛋白质水平都无表达,细胞通讯功能缺陷。结果表明Ｃｘ４３在培养的人胚肺细胞有功能性表达。人肺癌ＰＧ细胞通讯功能缺陷与Ｃｘ４３基因转录抑制有关。对Ｃｘ基因的抑癌基因性质进行讨论。     

膀胱癌中内皮素作用的研究

应用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ杂交技术及放射免疫方法对人膀胱移行细胞癌组织中内皮素－１ｍＲＮＡ及内皮素活性分子的表达水平进行检测,研究了佛波酯对人膀胱移行细胞癌ＢＩＵ－８７细胞中内皮素活性分子表达水平的调节作用,并探讨了内皮素抗血清及内皮素Ａ型受体竞争性拮抗剂ＢＱ１２３对ＢＩＵ－８７细胞ＤＮＡ合成的影响。结果表明,人膀胱移行细胞癌组织中内皮素－１ｍＲＮＡ及内皮素活性分子的表达水平明显高于相应的癌旁     

脊髓TrkC mRNA的表达及其坐骨神经损伤后的变化

目的和方法：本文利用原位杂交和点杂交的方法,对ＴｒｋＣ ｍＲＮＡ大鼠脊髓组织中的分布与坐骨神经损伤后的表达变化进行了研究。结果：ＴｒｋＣ ｍＲＮＡ几乎存在于所有脊髓神经元与胶质细胞中,在坐骨神经损伤后１ｄ表达增加,以后降到较低水平,到１４ｄ又再次升高,但第二峰较第一峰为低。     

SHR和WKY大鼠主动脉hsp70mRNA水平的比较研究

本工作应用热激蛋白７０ＫＤ（ｈｓｐ７０）核酸分子杂交方法,检测了：１．自发性高血压（ＳＨＲ）主动脉和离体培养的主动脉平滑肌细胞受热激后ｈｓｐ７０ｍＲＮＡ水平的变化;２．不同细胞培养时间（３个月与６周）的ＳＨＲ、ＷＫＹ主动脉ｈｓｐ７０ｍＲＮＡ水平。结果提示ＳＨＲ主动脉ｈｓｐ７０ ｍＲＮＡ水平高;６周的ＳＨＲ细胞较同期和３个月的ＷＫＹ细胞ｈｓｐ７０ｍＲＮＡ高。推论ＳＨＲ血管平滑肌细胞对热敏感,原癌基因     

Cloning oncogenic ras-regulated genes by differential display

The coordinated regulation of gene expression is a key cellular function that specifies cell characteristics as well as controls normal physiological processes of the organism. Deregulation of this gene expression leads to a variety of abnormal conditions such as cancer. The ras oncogene is one of the most frequently found mutations in various types of human cancer. The mutated Ras protein constitutively elicits multiple mitogenic signals to the nucleus to alter gene expression of target genes that are involved in a broad range of normal cellular functions. Thus the identification of these genes may provide an important tool toward the understanding of these pathogenic processes. As a first step to reveal these processes at the molecular level and to dissect the key pathway employed by oncogenic Ras protein, we have looked for its target genes in rodent model cell lines using the differential display method. Our initial screening has isolated a number of genes either up- or downregulated by oncogenic ras activation. Although the functional analyses of these genes in terms of ras-mediated cell transformation will be the major challenge, differential display has come to be a very efficient tool that helped us move to the next step. In this short report, we focus primarily on the technical aspects of differential display and experimental designs used in this study.     

Preferential expression of reg I beta gene in human adult pancreas

In human pancreas two genes, reg I alpha and reg I beta, have been characterized but only the reg I alpha protein has been isolated from human pancreatic secretion. To examine their respective physiological roles in fetal and adult pancreas we have compared the patterns of gene expression using a specific RT-PCR method. No progressive evolution in the two mRNAs levels was observed during fetal development (16--41 weeks). A discoordinate expression of the two genes was found with a higher level of reg I alpha mRNA in fetus and a higher level of regI beta in adult. In addition, if reg I alpha mRNA level was correlated with the expression of genes encoding exocrine proteins in adults, reg I beta mRNA level presented no correlation with any ductular, endocrine, or exocrine gene expression. In human pancreatic cell lines we showed the only expression of reg I beta gene and protein. All these data suggest that the two reg genes and proteins could play different roles in the pancreas.     

基因网络中基因关系图谱的构建及其应用

尽快破解基因组所包含基因的功能是一项费力但又很重要的工作。一个基因功能的实现依赖于该基因与其它基因间的相互作用。基因网络是一组基因的集合体,这些基因通过相互协作来控制生物体重要的生命过程。通过基因敲除、RNA干扰或其它方法改变基因网络中某个基因的表达水平,将会引起该网络中其它基因表达水平的变化。而这种变化可以方便地通过基因表达差异显示技术检测相应mRNA含量变化来反映。因此,将这两类方法组合在一起,可以在基因组水平上有效地检测出基因网络中的基因关系。这种策略对基因功能研究方法是一个重要补充。     

Circadian expression of clock genes in human peripheral leukocytes

In mammals, behavioral and physiological processes display 24-h rhythms that are regulated by a circadian system. In the present study, we investigated the possibility that the expression of clock genes in peripheral leukocytes can be used to assess the circadian clock system. We found that Per1 and Per2 exhibit circadian oscillations in mRNA expression in mouse peripheral leukocytes. Furthermore, the rhythms of Per1 and Per2 mRNA expression in peripheral leukocytes are severely blunted in homozygous Cry1/2 double-deficient mice that are known to have an abolished biological clock. We have examined the circadian expression of clock genes in human leukocytes and found that Per1 mRNA exhibits a robust circadian expression while Per2 and Bmal1 mRNA showed weak rhythm. These observations suggest that monitoring Per1 mRNA expression in human leukocytes may be useful for investigating the function of the circadian system in physiological and pathophysiological states.