变应性鼻炎患者外周血中Tr1/Th3细胞的检测和分析

目的:检测变应性鼻炎(Allergic rhinitis,AR)患者和健康对照者外周血中IL-10+CD4+T细胞、TGF-β+CD4+T细胞(分别代表Tr1细胞和Th3细胞的特性)的比例,并探讨其在AR发病中的意义,为AR的治疗提供临床参考。方法:分离19例对粉尘螨过敏的AR患者和19例健康对照者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs),采用流式细胞术分别检测外周血中IL-10+CD4+T细胞、TGF-β+CD4+T细胞的比例。结果:同健康对照者相比,AR患者外周血中IL-10+CD4+T细胞的比例显著降低[(1.66±0.48)%vs.(3.80.92)%,t=-9.08,P0.01)],AR患者外周血中TGF-β+CD4+T细胞的比例降低[(1.92±0.54)%vs.(4.76±1.12)%,t=-9.94,P0.01)]。结论:外周血中IL-10+CD4+T(Tr1)细胞比例的降低可能是AR发病的一个重要因素,提高AR患者外周血中分泌IL-10的Tr1细胞的比例可能在AR的治疗中具有重要意义。外周血中TGF-β1+CD4+T(Th3)细胞的比例显著降低,可能是AR发病的一个重要因素。但TGF-β1与AR关系的研究较少,特别是外周血中TGF-β1水平与AR的关系研究较少,需进一步研究。     

鼻炎患者血清中IL-27、IL-17、IL-10在变应性的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨鼻炎患者血清中白细胞介素-27(IL-27)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)在变应性中的表达以及临床意义。方法:选取2013年5月到2014年5月我院收治的变应性鼻炎患者60例为研究组,另外选取健康志愿者60例为对照组,应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测入选者血清中的IL-27、IL-17以及IL-10的表达情况,并分析其相关关系。结果:研究组血清中IL-27、IL-10水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组IL-17水平显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组患者血清中的IL-27和IL-17呈负相关关系(r=-0.372,P=0.035),IL-27和IL-10呈正相关关系(r=0.524,P=0.026),而IL-17和IL-10无相关关系(r=0.519,P=0.318)。结论:变应性鼻炎患者中IL-27和IL-10呈低表达,而IL-17呈高表达,IL-27可能对IL-17和IL-10具有免疫调节的作用。     

变应性鼻炎患者血清IL-17和IL-17R表达及其与IgE的相关性

目的:探讨变应性鼻炎患者血清中IL-17及其受体的表达,及其与血清中总IgE的关系.方法:采用酶联免疫法检测51例健康志愿者(对照组)和37例变应性鼻炎患者(实验组)血清中IL-17,IL-17R及IgE的含量.结果:与对照组相比,变应性鼻炎患者血清IL-17,IL-17R及IgE的含量均明显升高.IL-17与变应性鼻炎患者血清中IgE成正相关(r=0.9678,P＜0.05),而IL-17R与IgE无明显相关性.结论:IL-17和IL-17R均参与变应性鼻炎的发病过程,可作为诊断变应性鼻炎的新指标,且降低IL-17的含量有助于变应性鼻炎的临床治疗.     

复发性自然流产患者外周血中Th17及Treg细胞及其效应因子的变化

目的:探讨复发性自然流产患者外周血中Th17、Treg细胞以及相关细胞因子的变化。方法:选择复发性自然流产患者25例,正常妊娠妇女25例以及正常非妊娠育龄妇女25例,流式细胞术测定外周血中Th17和Treg细胞数量,ELISA法测定血清IL-10、TGF-β及IL-17的浓度。结果:复发性自然流产患者外周血中Th17细胞百分率显著高于正常妊娠以及正常非孕妇女(P0.05),Treg细胞百分率显著低于正常非孕妇女(P0.05),但与正常妊娠妇女相比无显著性差异(P0.05);复发性自然流产患者外周血IL-10及TGF-β水平显著低于正常妊娠妇女以及正常非孕妇女(P0.05),而IL-17水平显著高于正常妊娠妇女以及正常非孕妇女(P0.05)。结论:外周血Th17细胞数和IL-17水平的升高以及抑制性细胞因子IL-10和TGF-β水平的下降可能是复发性自然流产发生的重要原因。     

MicroRNA与变应性鼻炎

在变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)发病的免疫细胞分化及免疫应答过程中,micro RNA(miRNA)发挥着非常重要的调控作用。本文旨在对AR中miRNA研究进行回顾,以期为AR的有效治疗提供新的视角。首先,变应性鼻炎患者鼻粘膜中miR-7和miRPlus-E1194等差异表达。其次,在T辅助细胞发育、分化与活化过程中,miR-181a、miR-155、miR-21、miR-1、miR-31、miR-223、miR-139-3p、miR-126、Let-7家族成员会发生显著上调或下降,而且某些miRNA的相关作用靶点也得到验证。再次,嗜酸粒细胞定向分化祖细胞向成熟嗜酸粒细胞的分化过程中,miR-21和miR-223都有所上调。最后,在肥大细胞激活和脱颗粒过程中,miR-221和miR-222以及其他miRNA显著上调。以上miRNA参与了T辅助细胞分化与活化、嗜酸粒细胞发育、肥大细胞脱颗粒等AR病理进程的各个环节,而且,miRNA还会参与前期的抗原提呈等环节。可见miRNA对AR调控呈现出复杂性和多重性。     

抗IL-6抗体治疗小鼠变应性鼻炎的作用的研究

目的：探讨IL-6 抗体治疗小鼠变应性鼻炎的作用。方法：实验动物分三组：PBS 组（正常对照组）、抗IL-6 抗体组（以抗IL-6 单 克隆抗体处理）、IgG 抗体对照组（以IgG对照抗体处理）。应用卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏建立小鼠变应性鼻炎模型,给予抗IL-6 单克 隆抗体干预,计量抗原激发后小鼠搔鼻数量。应用HE染色方法检测对小鼠鼻黏膜炎症影响,应用ELISA 法检测小鼠灌洗液中 IL-4、IFN-r含量。结果：治疗后抗IL-6 抗体组小鼠搔鼻症状相对于抗体对照组明显减轻（P<0.01)。与PBS 组比较,IgG 抗体对照组 小鼠鼻腔灌洗液中总炎性细胞数,淋巴细胞数及嗜酸性粒细胞数明显升高（P<0.05);IL-6 抗体治疗后,小鼠鼻腔灌洗液中总炎性 细胞数,淋巴细胞数及嗜酸性粒细胞数明显降低（P<0.05);IgG抗体对照组小鼠鼻腔灌洗液IL-4 含量明显升高（P<0.01),而IFN-r 含量不变（P>0.05);IL-6 抗体治疗后,IL-4 含量较IgG 抗体对照组降低（P<0.05),IFN-r含量不变（P>0.05)。结论：IL-6 抗体可有效 治疗小鼠变应性鼻炎。     

IL-27:保持免疫平衡的重要因子

由EBI-3和p28组成的IL-27是IL-12家族的新成员,主要来源于树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DCs)的分泌。当DCs表面的Toll样受体(Toll like receptor,TLR)受到外界信号刺激的时候,通过激活下游因子MyD88、IRF3、c-Rel以及JNK等通路介导IL-27表达。IL-27受体由WSX-1和gp130两个亚基组成,表达于多种免疫细胞和非免疫细胞表面。IL-27对这些细胞的发育、分化和功能都发挥着不可或缺的作用。IL-27与其受体结合后,通过激活下游的STAT1/STAT3途径诱导na?veT细胞向Th1方向分化,同时抑制其向Th2、Th17和Foxp3+Treg方向分化。B细胞抗体类型的转换、DCs表面共刺激分子的表达和促进Th1反应的能力也受到IL-27的调节。另外,IL-27还可以诱导一些非免疫细胞的表面表达MHC分子,使其具有抗原呈递的功能。更具有临床意义的是,IL-27在许多感染性疾病、自身免疫病和肿瘤中都发挥了重要作用,是相关疾病潜在的作用靶点。     

变应性鼻炎患者口咽部菌群分析

目的研究正常人与过敏性鼻炎患者口咽部菌群差异,探讨菌群定植的变化对过敏性鼻炎发生存在的影响。方法利用PCR-DGGE方法分析正常人与过敏性鼻炎患者口咽部菌群定植,并利用切胶测序分析DGGE图谱中两组样本之间的差异菌群。结果正常人与过敏性鼻炎患者口咽部菌群定植存在显著差异,与正常组相比,过敏性鼻炎患者口咽部菌群多样性显著增大,且类杆菌门的Prevotella pallens,厚壁菌门的Veillonella atypica、Veillonella parvula、Streptococcus salivarius,变形菌门的假单胞菌属Pseudomonas fluorescens的含量均高于正常人。结论过敏性鼻炎患者口咽部菌群多样性显著高于正常人,且以厚壁菌门和变形菌门的增加为特征。     

血清TREM-1、TLR4及IL-37水平与变应性鼻炎患者T淋巴细胞亚群的关系研究

目的：探讨血清髓系细胞触发受体-1(TREM-1)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)及白细胞介素-37(IL-37)水平与变应性鼻炎(AR)患者T淋巴细胞亚群的关系研究。方法：选取2021年3月～2023年3月南京医科大学附属淮安第一医院和江苏省苏北人民医院收治的AR患者100例纳入AR组,另选取同期体检健康志愿者100名纳入对照组,根据病情程度将AR患者分为中重度AR组63例和轻度AR组37例。采用酶联免疫吸附法与流式细胞术检测血清TREM-1、TLR4、IL-37水平与外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。采用Pearson/Spearman分析AR患者血清TREM-1、TLR4、IL-37水平与外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的相关性。绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清TREM-1、TLR4、IL-37水平对AR的诊断价值。结果：与对照组比较,AR组血清TREM-1、TLR4和外周血CD8⁺比例升高,血清IL-37和外周血CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺降低(P<0.05)。与轻度AR...     

哮喘患者外周血Treg和Th1/Th2的变化及其与哮喘病情的关系

目的：探讨哮喘患者外周血调节性T细胞（Treg）以及辅助性T细胞（Th1/Th2）的比例的变化,探讨其在哮喘的临床治疗中的作用。方法：80例哮喘患者（哮喘组）按临床表现分为急性发作期组（54例）和缓解期组（26例）,同时选择50例健康体检者。应用流式细胞仪检测上述各组外周血CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg、CD4＋IFN-γ＋Th1和CD4＋IL-4＋Th2细胞水平,并进行统计学分析。结果：哮喘组CD4＋CD25＋Foxp3＋Treg水平亦明显低于正常对照组（P〈0.05。其中急性发作期组Treg水平明显低于缓解期组和正常对照组（P〈0.05）。而哮喘组Th1/Th2比值显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）,且在哮喘急性发作组中Th1/Th2比值显著低于缓解期组和正常对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：提示Treg和Th在哮喘的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。     

变应性鼻炎患者肠道微生态变化及其与T淋巴细胞亚群的关系

探讨变应性鼻炎患者肠道微生态变化及其与T淋巴细胞亚群的关系。

回顾性分析2019年4月至2020年4月医院收治的64例变应性鼻炎患者的资料, 记为A组; 另回顾性分析同期在该院体检的58例健康者的资料, 记为B组。对比A组和B组研究对象肠道菌群多样性和丰富度的变化, 对比A组和B组研究对象血清T淋巴细胞亚群水平, 分析变应性鼻炎患者肠道菌群相对丰度与血清T淋巴细胞亚群水平的相关性。

A组研究对象肠道菌群Chao1指数和Shannon指数均低于B组(P < 0.05), A组肠道菌群门水平拟杆菌门、变形菌门、厚壁菌门的相对丰度均高于B组(P < 0.05), 放线菌门的相对丰度低于B组(P < 0.05), 属水平毛螺菌属、链球菌属的相对丰度均高于B组(P < 0.05), 肠球菌属、双歧杆菌属、棒状杆菌属的相对丰度均低于B组(P < 0.05)。主成分分析显示2组菌群样品均能明显分开, 横纵坐标的贡献率分别为48.9%和16.7%, 两坐标轴总共解释了不同细菌群落差异的65.6%, 2组群落结构差异明显(P < 0.05)。A组CD3⁺比例、CD4⁺比例和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值高于B组(P < 0.05), CD8⁺比例低于B组(P < 0.05);采用Pearson相关性检验, 变应性鼻炎患者肠道菌群门水平拟杆菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度分别与CD3⁺、CD4⁺比例和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值呈正相关(P < 0.05), 分别与CD8⁺比例呈负相关(P < 0.05), 放线菌门的相对丰度分别与CD3⁺、CD4⁺比例和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值呈负相关(P < 0.05), 与CD8⁺比例呈正相关(P < 0.05);属水平毛螺菌属和链球菌属的相对丰度分别与CD3⁺、CD4⁺比例和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值呈正相关(P < 0.05), 分别与CD8⁺比例呈负相关(P < 0.05), 肠球菌属、双歧杆菌属和棒状杆菌属的相对丰度分别与CD3⁺、CD4⁺比例和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值呈负相关(P < 0.05), 分别与CD8⁺比例呈正相关(P < 0.05)。

变应性鼻炎患者肠道菌群多样性降低, 门、属水平菌群比例均发生改变, 菌群结构差异明显, 血清CD3⁺、CD4⁺水平和CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值升高, CD8⁺水平降低, 变应性鼻炎患者肠道菌群相对丰度与血清T淋巴细胞亚群水平相关。

     

IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis: a meta-analysis

Objective: The relationship between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and the risk of allergic rhinitis is not clear at present. The present study aims to evaluate the exact association between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis by a meta-analysis.Methods: The studies about IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis were searched using PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Wanfang databases. The last search time was on March 1, 2021. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software.Results: Nine documents were enrolled, from which 1709 patients with allergic rhinitis were included. Among them, six genotype frequencies in the control group conformed to Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The meta-analysis of all included studies showed significant heterogeneity of each gene model. After omitting the studies whose genotype frequency in the control group did not meet the requirements of HWE, no significant heterogeneity was found in each gene model. The meta-analysis results of the control group genotypes in line with the HWE showed statistically significant differences in the pooled odds ratio (OR) of allele model (T vs. C), recessive model (TT vs. TC+CC) and homozygous model (TT vs. CC), which were 1.19 (95%CI: 1.04–1.35), 1.28 (95%CI: 1.06–1.55) and 1.56 (95%CI: 1.13–2.17), respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in dominant and heterozygous genetic models.Conclusion: IL-4 rs2243250 single nucleotide polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis, allele T and genotype TT could increase the risk of allergic rhinitis.     

哮喘患者外周血Treg和Th1/Th2的变化及其与哮喘病情的关系

目的:探讨哮喘患者外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)以及辅助性T细胞(Th1/Th2)的比例的变化,探讨其在哮喘的临床治疗中的作用。方法:80例哮喘患者(哮喘组)按临床表现分为急性发作期组(54例)和缓解期组(26例),同时选择50例健康体检者。应用流式细胞仪检测上述各组外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg、CD4+IFN-γ+Th1和CD4+IL-4+Th2细胞水平,并进行统计学分析。结果:哮喘组CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg水平亦明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05。其中急性发作期组Treg水平明显低于缓解期组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。而哮喘组Th1/Th2比值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且在哮喘急性发作组中Th1/Th2比值显著低于缓解期组和正常对照组(P<0.05)。结论:提示Treg和Th在哮喘的发生和发展中起着重要的作用。     

Escaping the trap of allergic rhinitis

Rhinitis is often the first symptom of allergy but is frequently ignored and classified as a nuisance condition. Ironically it has the greatest socioeconomic burden worldwide caused by its impact on work and on daily life.However, patients appear reticent to seek professional advice, visiting their doctor only when symptoms become ‘intolerable’ and often when their usual therapy proves ineffective.Clearly, it’s time for new and more effective allergic rhinitis treatments.MP29-02 (Dymista®; Meda, Solna, Sweden) is a new class of medication for moderate to severe seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis if monotherapy with either intranasal antihistamine or intranasal corticosteroids is not considered sufficient.MP29-02 is a novel formulation of azelastine hydrochloride (AZE) and fluticasone propionate (FP). It benefits not only from the incorporation of two active agents, but also from a novel formulation; its lower viscosity, smaller droplet size, larger volume (137 μl) and wider spray angle ensure optimal coverage of, and retention on the nasal mucosa and contribute to its clinical efficacy.In clinical trials, patients treated with MP29-02 experienced twice the symptom relief as those treated with FP and AZE, who in turn exhibited significantly greater symptom relief than placebo-patients. Indeed, the advantage of MP29-02 over FP was approximately the same as that shown for FP over placebo. The advantage of MP29-02 was particularly evident in those patients for whom nasal congestion is predominant, with MP29-02 providing three times the nasal congestion relief of FP (p = 0.0018) and five times the relief of AZE (p = 0.0001). Moreover, patients treated with MP29-02 achieved each and every response up to a week faster than those treated with FP or AZE alone and in real life 1 in 2 patients reported the perception of well-controlled disease after only 3 days. MP29-02’s superiority over FP was also apparent long-term in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis or non-allergic rhinitis, with statistical significance noted from the first day of treatment, with treatment difference maintained for a full year.Taken together, these data suggest that MP29-02 may improve the lives of many of our patients, enabling them to finally escape the allergic rhinitis trap.     

Trends in prevalence of allergic rhinitis and correlation with pollen counts in Switzerland

In recent decades, a large number of epidemiological studies investigating the change of prevalence of hay fever showed an increase in the occurrence of this disease. However, other studies carried out in the 1990s yielded contradictory results. Many environmental factors have been hypothesized to contribute to the increasing hay fever rate, including both indoor and ambient air pollution, reduced exposure to microbial stimulation and changes in diets. However, the observed increase has not convincingly been explained by any of these factors and there is limited evidence of changes in exposure to these risk factors over time. Additionally, recent studies show that no further increase in asthma, hay fever and atopic sensitisation in adolescents and adults has been observed during the 1990s and the beginning of the new century. As the pattern of pollen counts has changed over the years, partly due to the global warming but also as a consequence of a change in the use of land, the changing prevalence of hay fever might partly be driven by this different pollen exposure. Epidemiological data for hay fever in Switzerland are available from 1926 until 2000 (with large gaps between 1926 and 1958 and 1958 to 1986) whereas pollen data are available from 1969 until the present. This allows an investigation as to whether these data are correlated provided the same time spans are compared. It would also be feasible to correlate the pollen data with meteorological data which, however, is not the subject of our investigation. Our study focuses on analyzing time series of pollen counts and of pollen season lengths in order to identify their trends, and to ascertain whether there is a relationship between these trends and the changes in the hay fever prevalence. It is shown in this paper that the pollen exposure has been decreasing in Basel since the beginning of the 1990s whereas the rate of the hay fever prevalence in Switzerland remained approximately unchanged in this period but with a slight tendency to decrease. In Locarno, most of the pollen species also show a decreasing trend, while in Zurich, the development is somewhat different as the pollen counts of most of the pollen types have been increasing. It is interesting, however, that some of the pollen counts of this station (grass, stinging nettle, mugwort and ragweed) have been decreasing in the period 1982–2007.     

益生菌对儿童变应性鼻炎的辅助治疗作用

探讨益生菌对儿童变应性鼻炎（AR）的辅助治疗作用,为该类患儿的治疗提供参考。

纳入我院耳鼻喉科2021年9月至2022年6月确诊为AR的62例患儿作为研究对象,随机选取37例作为AR组,另纳入40例健康儿童作为健康组,分别收集两组对象粪便进行高通量测序。将62例AR患儿进一步分为对照组和益生菌组,各31例。对照组患儿给予糠酸莫米松喷鼻治疗,益生菌组患儿在此基础上加用双歧杆菌四联活菌片。监测治疗期间两组患儿肠道主要菌群的变化并对治疗前后患儿临床症状进行评分。建立AR大鼠模型,验证益生菌对AR的治疗效果。

AR组患儿肠道菌群Faith’s PD指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Pielou_e指数均显著低于健康组（U = 538.000、459.000、445.000、446.000,均P＜0.05）。AR患儿与健康儿童相比,肠道拟杆菌属、粪杆菌属均显著增多（U = 275.000、412.000,均P＜0.05）,而双歧杆菌显著减少（U = 304.000,P＜0.001）。与对照组相比,益生菌组患儿治疗后肠道双歧杆菌属、肠球菌属均显著增加（U = −241.500、−212.000,均P＜0.05）,拟杆菌属显著减少（U = −327.000,P＜0.05）且症状改善更加显著（t = 11.63,P＜0.05）。补充益生菌可以显著缓解大鼠鼻腔黏膜的炎症。

AR患儿与健康儿童相比肠道菌群发生显著变化。补充的双歧杆菌、肠球菌能有效地在AR患儿的肠道中定植,且对肠道中的拟杆菌可能有抑制作用。益生菌对儿童AR有较好的辅助治疗作用。

     

乙型肝炎患者外周血T细胞亚群、IL-6及IL-8水平的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨乙型肝炎患者外周血T细胞亚群、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及白细胞介素-8(IL-8)水平的表达及临床意义。方法:选取2015年1月-2017年12月期间我院收治的乙型肝炎患者240例为研究对象。其中急性乙型肝炎患者55例(急性组),慢性乙型肝炎患者185例,并根据临床症状严重程度分为慢性轻度组65例、慢性中度组61例、慢性重度组59例。将乙型肝炎患者HBV-DNA载量103copy/m L作为HBV-DNA阳性组(n=158),HBV-DNA载量≤103copy/m L作为HBV-DNA阴性组(n=82)。另选取同期于我院行健康体检的志愿者50例为对照组。比较各组研究对象CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、IL-6、IL-8水平,比较HBV-DNA阳性组、HBV-DNA阴性组患者血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TB)以及白蛋白(ALB)水平。采用Pearson相关性分析乙型肝炎患者血清IL-6、IL-8与肝功能指标的相关性。结果:急性组、慢性轻度组、慢性中度组、慢性重度组的CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均低于对照组,CD8+、IL-6、IL-8均高于对照组(P0.05)。HBV-DNA阳性组与HBV-DNA阴性组CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+、IL-6、IL-8、ALT、TB以及ALB比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,乙型肝炎患者血清中IL-6、IL-8均与ALT、TB水平呈正相关,与ALB水平呈负相关(P0.05)。结论:乙型肝炎患者CD3+、CD4+和CD4+/CD8+显著降低,CD8+、IL-6和IL-8显著升高,且血清中IL-6、IL-8水平可反映乙型肝炎患者肝细胞损害程度及病情严重程度。     

Effect of regulatory T cells and adherent cells on the expansion of HBcAg-specific CD8 T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Patients with chronic HBV infection show poor immune response to HBV-specific CD8⁺ T cells. Several studies demonstrate that regulatory T cells (Treg) and dendritic cells (DC) are important to maintain peripheral immune tolerance. In this study, we investigated the effects of CD4⁺CD25⁺Treg and/or the adherent cells (AC) on the proliferation of HBc18-27-specific CD8⁺ T cells (c18-27-CD8Ts) in response to in vitro stimulation. The frequency of c18-27-CD8Ts in four different mixed leukocyte reactions (MLRs) were analyzed using an HLA-A2-HBc18-27 tetramer. The data indicated that the median percentage of c18-27-CD8Ts in four different MLRs were significant difference in patients with chronic HBV infection. Our results showed that Treg and/or AC might suppress the frequency of HBc18-27-specific CD8⁺ T cell proliferation in response to in vitro stimulation in chronic HBV patients, and AC might be more effective than Treg.