共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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Retrograde signalling from the plastid to the nucleus, also known as plastid signalling, plays a key role in coordinating nuclear gene expression with the functional state of plastids. Inhibitors that cause plastid dysfunction have been suggested to generate specific plastid signals related to their modes of action. However, the molecules involved in plastid signalling remain to be identified. Genetic studies indicate that the plastid-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein GUN1 mediates signalling under several plastid signalling-related conditions. To elucidate further the nature of plastid signals, investigations were carried out to determine whether different plastid signal-inducing treatments had similar effects on plastids and on nuclear gene expression. It is demonstrated that norflurazon and lincomycin treatments and the plastid protein import2-2 (ppi2-2) mutation, which causes a defect in plastid protein import, all resulted in similar changes at the gene expression level. Furthermore, it was observed that these three treatments resulted in defective RNA editing in plastids. This defect in RNA editing was not a secondary effect of down-regulation of pentatricopeptide repeat protein gene expression in the nucleus. The results indicate that these three treatments, which are known to induce plastid signals, affect RNA editing in plastids, suggesting an unprecedented link between plastid signalling and RNA editing. 相似文献
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The light-dependent regulation of gene expression during plastid development in higher plants 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In recent years there has been a considerable increase in our understanding of the manner by which light affects gene expression during chloroplast development. In most systems that have been studied, light acts through sensitive photoreceptor molecules and quantitatively increases or represses the level of expression of specific nuclear-and plastid-encoded genes. Although the mechanisms are obscure, a picture is beginning to emerge in which the coordination of nuclear and plastid gene expression is controlled by regulatory mechanisms originating within their respective subcellular compartments. This review summarizes some of our current knowledge concerning the nature of light-regulated gene expression in higher plants and provides a prospectus for future research in this area. 相似文献
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Zhang J Ruf S Hasse C Childs L Scharff LB Bock R 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2012,72(1):115-128
Although our knowledge about the mechanisms of gene expression in chloroplasts has increased substantially over the past decades, next to nothing is known about the signals and factors that govern expression of the plastid genome in non-green tissues. Here we report the development of a quantitative method suitable for determining the activity of cis-acting elements for gene expression in non-green plastids. The in vivo assay is based on stable transformation of the plastid genome and the discovery that root length upon seedling growth in the presence of the plastid translational inhibitor kanamycin is directly proportional to the expression strength of the resistance gene nptII in transgenic tobacco plastids. By testing various combinations of promoters and translation initiation signals, we have used this experimental system to identify cis-elements that are highly active in non-green plastids. Surprisingly, heterologous expression elements from maize plastids were significantly more efficient in conferring high expression levels in root plastids than homologous expression elements from tobacco. Our work has established a quantitative method for characterization of gene expression in non-green plastid types, and has led to identification of cis-elements for efficient plastid transgene expression in non-green tissues, which are valuable tools for future transplastomic studies in basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Chloroplast gene expression is primarily controlled during the translation of plastid mRNAs. Translation is regulated in response
to a variety of biotic and abiotic factors, and requires a coordinate expression with the nuclear genome. The translational
apparatus of chloroplasts is related to that of bacteria, but has adopted novel mechanisms in order to execute the specific
roles that this organelle performs within a eukaryotic cell. Accordingly, plastid ribosomes contain a number of chloroplast-unique
proteins and domains that may function in translational regulation. Chloroplast translation regulation involves cis-acting
RNA elements (located in the mRNA 5′ UTR) as well as a set of corresponding trans-acting protein factors. While regulation
of chloroplast translation is primarily controlled at the initiation steps through these RNA-protein interactions, elongation
steps are also targets for modulating chloroplast gene expression. Translation of chloroplast mRNAs is regulated in response
to light, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this response involve changes in the redox state of key elements related
to the photosynthetic electron chain, fluctuations of the ADP/ATP ratio and the generation of a proton gradient. Photosynthetic
complexes also experience assembly-related autoinhibition of translation to coordinate the expression of different subunits
of the same complex. Finally, the localization of all these molecular events among the different chloroplast subcompartments
appear to be a crucial component of the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast gene expression. 相似文献
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Xu YZ Arrieta-Montiel MP Virdi KS de Paula WB Widhalm JR Basset GJ Davila JI Elthon TE Elowsky CG Sato SJ Clemente TE Mackenzie SA 《The Plant cell》2011,23(9):3428-3441
Mitochondrial-plastid interdependence within the plant cell is presumed to be essential, but measurable demonstration of this intimate interaction is difficult. At the level of cellular metabolism, several biosynthetic pathways involve both mitochondrial- and plastid-localized steps. However, at an environmental response level, it is not clear how the two organelles intersect in programmed cellular responses. Here, we provide evidence, using genetic perturbation of the MutS Homolog1 (MSH1) nuclear gene in five plant species, that MSH1 functions within the mitochondrion and plastid to influence organellar genome behavior and plant growth patterns. The mitochondrial form of the protein participates in DNA recombination surveillance, with disruption of the gene resulting in enhanced mitochondrial genome recombination at numerous repeated sequences. The plastid-localized form of the protein interacts with the plastid genome and influences genome stability and plastid development, with its disruption leading to variegation of the plant. These developmental changes include altered patterns of nuclear gene expression. Consistency of plastid and mitochondrial response across both monocot and dicot species indicate that the dual-functioning nature of MSH1 is well conserved. Variegated tissues show changes in redox status together with enhanced plant survival and reproduction under photooxidative light conditions, evidence that the plastid changes triggered in this study comprise an adaptive response to naturally occurring light stress. 相似文献
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The plant aspartate aminotransferase gene family 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Gregory J. Wadsworth 《Physiologia plantarum》1997,100(4):998-1006