牛场肥水灌溉对土壤nirK、nirS型反硝化微生物群落结构的影响

以徐水县梁家营长期定位施肥试验田为研究对象,利用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)分析和克隆文库构建,研究了5种施肥处理(清水灌溉CK、无机肥灌溉CF、牛场肥水不同浓度、不同次数灌溉T4、T5和T11)下土壤中nirK、nirS型反硝化细菌群落多样性及其群落结构的演变。结果表明,不同施肥处理下nirK、nirS型反硝化细菌群落多样性无显著差异,但群落结构却有明显变化:nirK型反硝化细菌群落结构既受施肥种类又受施肥量影响,优势种群尤其对施肥种类和施肥量响应显著;nirS型反硝化细菌则主要受施肥种类影响,施肥量影响微弱。牛场肥水处理和无机肥处理分别促进和抑制不同的nirS型反硝化细菌,群落主成分受无机肥促进、牛场肥水抑制。系统发育分析结果表明,土壤中nirK型反硝化细菌主要与假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、产碱杆菌属(Alcaligenes)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)的反硝化细菌具有较近的亲缘关系;nirS型反硝化细菌主要与劳尔氏菌(Ralstonia)和红长命菌属(Rubrivivax)有较近的亲缘关系。试验土壤中反硝化微生物多与目前已报道的好氧反硝化细菌亲缘关系较近,这可能与微生物分析取自表层土有关。     

人工遮光和营养添加对河流反硝化活性和反硝化细菌群落结构的影响

河流生态系统受到人类活动例如河岸带森林植被毁损和农业活动施肥等的干扰日益加剧,而这些活动使河流接收的光照增多、河流的氮磷营养盐浓度增加。微生物的反硝化作用是河流去除氮的有效途径。在汉江的一级支流金水河上游核心保护区内选取6条溪流开展野外控制实验,利用营养添加模拟河流中营养的增加,遮盖河面来模拟源头溪流的隐蔽状态,来研究河流沉积物中微生物的反硝化作用对光照和营养改变的响应,并利用高通量测序(Mi Seq)技术研究在两种处理下河流沉积物中nir S型反硝化细菌的群落结构变化。结果显示:营养元素添加促进了沉积物的反硝化活性,河面遮盖抑制了沉积物的反硝化活性。营养添加和遮盖两种处理均降低了控制实验区域内脱氯单胞菌属(优势菌属)的相对丰度,同时也降低了该区域nir S型反硝化菌群落的Chao多样性。本研究初步证实了光照增加和河流的营养增加提高了河流沉积物反硝化活性,并为提高河流的脱氮能力提供科学依据。     

增温与降水变化对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤nirS反硝化菌群落丰度和群落结构的影响

全球变化已成为国际研究热点。青藏高原属典型生态脆弱带,该地区升温幅度更加明显,已导致大量冰川融化和明显降水变化,进而使该地区水循环和土壤水分发生巨大变化。温度和降水的变化可能会引起土壤微生物丰度和群落结构的改变,进而影响生物地球化学循环。但青藏高原地区土壤微生物群落结构和功能对全球变化响应的研究较少。研究了模拟增温和降水变化对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤nirS反硝化菌群落丰度和群落结构的影响。研究表明,增温1、2、4℃对nirS基因丰度影响不显著;增加降水100%时,增温4℃处理显著增加nirS基因丰度(P0.05)。在未升温与升温2℃背景下增加和减少降水对nirS基因丰度的影响不显著。增温和增减降水均显著影响nirS反硝化菌群落结构,且两个因子具有一定的交互作用。CCA结果显示,增温和降水的共同解释变量中,增温对nirS反硝化菌群落结构变化的影响达极显著(P0.01),解释了其中的54.2%,降水变化解释了45.5%(P0.05)。     

不同季节艾比湖湿地盐角草根际nirS-型与nirK-型反硝化细菌群落组成分析

旨在了解艾比湖湿地盐生植物盐角草根际与非根际中不同类型反硝化细菌的分布及其随季节变化情况,为温带干旱地区荒漠盐化生态系统的代表-艾比湖湿地在生态植被恢复过程中,由微生物推动的土壤氮素循环过程提供数据支撑。采集了艾比湖湿地夏、秋、春三个季节的盐角草根际和非根际土壤样本,通过高通量测序技术,比较分析了nirS-型和nirK-型两种类型的反硝化细菌的多样性和群落结构特点;利用RDA (redundancy analysis)探究了土壤理化因素对反硝化细菌多样性及群落结构的影响。艾比湖湿地盐角草根际与非根际中,nirS-型和nirK-型反硝化细菌多样性最高的为秋季根际土壤样本;各土壤样本中的反硝化细菌多样性均呈现根际>非根际。盐角草各土壤样本中的nirS-型反硝化细菌在门分类水平上隶属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria),厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria),而nirK-型反硝化细菌在门水平上分类仅包括了Proteobacteria和Firmicutes。Proteobacteria在各土壤样本中的占比均较高;其中Gamma-Proteobacteria的盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)是各土壤样本所共有的nirS-型反硝化菌的优势菌属,但它们在每个土壤样本中的相对丰度各有差异。Alpha-Proteobacteria的根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)是盐角草各土壤样本中较为广泛存在的nirK-型反硝化细菌。艾比湖湿地盐角草各土壤样本中的反硝化细菌群落结构存在着一定的差异。RDA结果显示含水量、有机质、全氮和铵态氮等对各土壤样本中的nirS-型反硝化细菌的多样性影响较大,含水量、有机质、全氮、碱解氮等是nirK-型反硝化细菌多样性的主要影响因素。土壤电导率、全磷、全钾、全氮和碱解氮协同影响nirS-型反硝化细菌的群落结构,有机质、速效钾、速效磷、pH和硝态氮是nirK-型反硝化细菌群落结构组成的主要影响因素。艾比湖湿地反硝化细菌呈现季节性变化,nirS-型和nirK-型反硝化细菌以不同的主要菌属,共同推进湿地反硝化作用。而对于湿地生态系统的保护,则需要进行长期而广泛的土壤状态评估和土壤反硝化微生物菌群的动态监测。     

Bt和Bar基因转化对水稻不同组织生态位微生物群落组成及潜在功能影响

【目的】转Bt基因和Bar基因植物的微生态效应是环境安全评价的重要因素,但关于Bt基因和Bar基因转化引起的水稻基因型改变对水稻不同组织生态位微生物群落组成和潜在功能的影响还无系统研究。【方法】以转Bt基因和Bar基因水稻T1C-1及其亲本对照Minghui63为研究对象,基于细菌16S rRNA基因和真菌ITS高通量测序技术,分析抽穗期T1C-1和Minghui63根际土壤微生物以及根、茎、叶内生菌的群落结构和潜在功能。【结果】细菌和真菌群落多样性在水稻不同组织生态位之间发生显著变化,地下部分组织生态位(根际土壤和根系)微生物多样性显著高于地上部分(叶和茎)。T1C-1显著影响叶片内生真菌的香农指数和辛普森指数,而对茎和根的内生菌以及根际土壤微生物多样性无显著影响。叶片内生真菌曲霉菌属(Aspergillus)和篮状菌属(Talaromyces)相对丰度在T1C-1显著增加,推测其参与碳素代谢、能量代谢和转录作用酶合成等过程。T1C-1和Minghui63微生物群落关联网络分析表明,T1C-1的平均聚类系数和平均度显著高于Minghui63,因而T1C-1提高了相关微生物群落网络复杂程度。通过重建未观测状态对群落进行系统发育研究(phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states, PICRUSt2),对叶片内生真菌功能酶基因进行功能预测,相对于Minghui63,T1C-1显著改变了碳素代谢、脂类代谢和能量代谢等途径。【结论】相较于根际土壤,叶片内生真菌的群落组成和潜在功能对T1C-1更敏感。尽管如此,T1C-1并未导致叶片内生真菌的多样性指数降低。为了更准确地评估转基因植物的微生态效应,我们需要加强对不同组织生态位内生菌多样性的关注。     

溴甲烷熏蒸对土壤反硝化作用及nosZ型反硝化微生物群落结构的影响

【目的】探究溴甲烷熏蒸对土壤反硝化作用的影响及机制。【方法】本研究采用nos Z-PCR-RFLP(Restriction fragment length polymorphism)方法、nos Z-MPN-PCR(Most-Probable-Number-PCR)计数法和土壤硝酸根的消灭率方法研究溴甲烷熏蒸对土壤nos Z型反硝化细菌群落结构、数量及反硝化活性的影响。【结果】实验结果说明溴甲烷熏蒸剂熏蒸土壤100 d土壤的反硝化作用与对照无显著差异(P>0.05)。溴甲烷熏蒸土壤和对照土样nos Z型反硝化细菌群落的Margalef指数,Shannon-Wiener和Evenness指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。溴甲烷熏蒸土壤和对照土壤中存在Uncultured bacterium partial rhodopsendomonas、pseudomonas fluorescens、Herbacspirillum、Mesorhizobium和Bradyrhizobium,并且此6种微生物均是试验土样和对照土样的优势种群;对照土壤中检测到Azospirillum、Rhizobium melibei和Nitrosospira multiformis,在溴甲烷熏蒸土壤中未检测到;而溴甲烷熏蒸土壤中检测到Uncultured Azospirillum,Mesorhizobium在对照土壤中未检测到。通过nos Z-MPN-PCR计数法得出反硝化细菌数量比对照低1.4倍。【结论】说明溴甲烷熏蒸100d土壤的nos Z型反硝化微生物群落组成和反硝化细菌数量发生变化,而土壤的反硝化作用与对照无显著差异。     

好氧反硝化微生物多样性及其反硝化功能初步研究

为研究污水厂/养殖池中好氧反硝化微生物的多样性及菌株反硝化能力,本研究采集了位于福建省厦门市和漳州市的污水处理厂、排污口、污水池、对虾养殖池的污水和污泥样品进行好氧反硝化微生物的富集、分离、鉴定和功能筛选。分别以NaNO3、NaNO2作为唯一氮源共分离纯化获得128株单菌。其中以NaNO3为唯一氮源分离得到63株,以NaNO2为唯一氮源分离得到65株。16SrRNA基因序列分析表明,128株单菌分属于γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria,58.6%)、芽胞杆菌纲(Bacilli,6.4%)、放线菌纲(Actinobacteria,11.7%)、α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria,8.6%)、纤维菌纲(Cytophagia,2.3%)、鞘脂杆菌纲(Sphingobacteria,0.8%)和黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteria,1.6%)7个纲中的38个属。其中盐单胞菌属(Halomonas,29.7%)和芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus,12.5%)为优势菌属,并且广泛存在于各个样品中。反硝化功能初筛结果表明,35株菌能在72h内将20mg·L-1 NO-3-N/NO-2-N完全去除;复筛结果表明,21株菌能在72h内将100 mg·L-1 NO-3-N/NO-2-N完全去除,并且盐单胞菌属、卓贝尔氏菌属(Zobellella)、斯塔普氏菌属(Stappia)及节杆菌属(Arthrobactor)反硝化效果较好,其中斯塔普氏属是首次报道具有好氧反硝化功能。本研究结果表明,污水场/养殖池等环境中可培养反硝化细菌多样性丰富,同时高效反硝化菌的获得也为含氮废水的生物处理提供了良好的菌种资源。     

不同时期艾比湖湿地盐角草群落土壤固氮微生物的多样性分析

【目的】研究新疆艾比湖湿地不同季节盐角草根际和非根际土壤固氮微生物的多样性和丰富度与环境因子的相关性,以期探究在荒漠化和盐渍化不断严重的艾比湖湿地中随着季节变化的固氮微生物群落对恢复生态功能起到的潜在作用,为后续的湿地保护和退化恢复工作提供理论支持和数据基础。【方法】应用Illumina HiSeq PE250测序技术,分析6个土壤样本固氮微生物的多样性,结合相关的理化因子并利用RDA分析法探究土壤理化性质和固氮微生物菌落结构及丰富度的相关性。【结果】艾比湖湿地盐角草植物根际土壤的固氮微生物多样性高于非根际土壤,7月的土壤固氮微生物多样性高于10月和4月的土壤。土杆菌属(Geobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、固氮菌属(Azotobacter)和慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium)等为盐角草根际和非根际土壤中的共同优势菌属。这些固氮微生物优势菌属隶属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria),且相对丰富度占比为85%和10%,其余各菌门共占比较少,仅为5%。土壤中固氮微生物的优势菌群与碱解氮(AN)、全氮(TN)、速效钾(AK)和有效磷(TP)呈显著相关。【结论】随着时间的推移土壤样本中固氮微生物的多样性和群落结构也发了改变,同一时期植物根际与非根际土壤中固氮微生物的群落结构并不相同。土壤的环境因子与固氮细菌的群落结构和丰富度的相关性研究可以为艾比湖湿地的退化恢复提供数据基础和理论支持。     

闽江河口互花米草不同入侵阶段湿地土壤nirK型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性

为了明确闽江河口互花米草海向不同入侵阶段湿地土壤nirK型反硝化微生物的群落结构及多样性,在鳝鱼滩东部的互花米草分布区,由陆向海方向选择互花米草海向入侵前的光滩(MF)、入侵1～2年(SAN)和入侵6～7年的互花米草(SA)湿地为研究对象,基于高通量测序技术,测定并分析了不同互花米草入侵阶段湿地土壤nirK型反硝化微生物群落结构及多样性的差异。结果表明:互花米草海向入侵降低了土壤中nirK型反硝化微生物群落的多样性及丰富度。不同入侵阶段湿地土壤的nirK型反硝化微生物主要包括变形菌门和放线菌门,其中变形菌门占绝对优势地位。互花米草海向入侵整体改变了湿地土壤中nirK型反硝化菌属的组成特征,MF、SAN、SA湿地土壤中相对丰度最高的nirK基因菌属分别为慢生根瘤菌属、中慢生根瘤菌属和产碱杆菌属。互花米草海向入侵增加了土壤中nirK型反硝化微生物群落组成的空间异质性,尤其是在SAN样地,这主要与样地本身的环境扰动性较大及互花米草海向入侵加大了样地环境因子的空间异质性有关。互花米草海向入侵主要是通过显著改变土壤理化因子(粒度组成、pH值和含水量)和氮养分条件(全氮、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N)来影响nirK型反硝化微生物的群落结构及多样性。本研究结果有助于揭示互花米草海向入侵对湿地土壤反硝化过程影响的微生物机制。     

若尔盖高原湿地泥炭沼泽土亚硝酸盐还原酶（nirK）反硝化细菌群落结构分析

若尔盖泥炭湿地是世界少有的低纬度永久冻土湿地,具有高海拔、高紫外辐射、高有机质的特点。该区域N2O的排放量对全球气候变暖有重要影响。对若尔盖高原湿地泥炭沼泽土中的亚硝酸盐还原酶(nir K)反硝化细菌群落结构多样性进行分析,以期揭示该区域N2O释放的微生物调控机制。基于若尔盖高原湿地泥炭沼泽土的理化性质和反硝化活性(PDA),结合限制性酶切片段长度多态性(Restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)技术、克隆文库及分子测序对该生态系统中的nir K反硝化细菌群落结构及多样性进行分析。反硝化活性测定结果显示:阿西地区麦溪地区分区地区,反硝化活性与土壤有机碳、总氮和丰富度呈显著正相关(P0.05)。Shannon-wiener多样性指数以阿西最高、分区最低。3个样品中共测序15条nir K基因代表序列,系统发育表明若尔盖高原湿地优势nir K反硝化菌群为变形门菌群。其中,阿西地区主要为α-变形菌门,麦溪地区主要为β-变形菌门,分区地区无法确定优势种群。冗余分析(Redundancy analysis,RDA)显示:有效钾和有效磷是影响nir K反硝化细菌群落结构的关键环境因子。本论文显示,若尔盖高原湿地存在着明显的反硝化作用,调控这些反硝化作用的nir K反硝化细菌多样性较高,且与土壤有效钾和有效磷密切相关。     

Abundance,community structure and diversity of nitrifying bacterial enrichments from low and high saline brackishwater environments

The study reports diversity in nitrifying microbial enrichments from low (0·5–5‰) and high (18–35‰) saline ecosystems. Microbial community profiling of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) enrichments was analysed by sequencing 16S rRNA and was processed using Mothur pipeline. The α-diversity indices showed the richness of nitrifying bacterial consortia from the high saline environment and were clustering based on the source of the sample. AOB and NOB enrichments from both the environments showed diverse lineages of phyla distributed in both groups with 38 and 34 phyla from low saline and 53 and 40 phyla in high saline sources, respectively. At class level, α- and γ-proteobacteria were found to be more dominant in both the enrichments. AOBs and NOBs in enrichments from low saline environments were dominated by Nitrosomonadaceae, Gallionellaceae (Nitrotoga sp.) and Ectothiorhodospiraceae and Nitrospira, respectively. Though Chromatiaceae were present in both AOB and NOB enrichments, Nitrosoglobus and Nitrosococcus dominated the AOBs while NOBs were dominated by uncultured genera, whereas Rhizobiales were found in both the enrichments. AOBs and NOBs in enrichments from high saline environments were dominated by Nitrospira-like AOBs, Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus genera, whereas ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) group included Nitrosopumilus and Nitrososphaera genera comprising and Nitrospirae, respectively. The majority of the genera obtained in both the salinities were found to be either uncultured or unclassified groups. Results of the study suggest that the AOB and NOB consortia have unique and diverse microbes in each of the enrichments, capable of functioning in aquaculture systems practised at different salinities (0–60 ppt).     

Factors related to diversity of decomposer fungi in tropical forests

Recent studies suggest that host-preferences are common among certain groups of tropical fungal decomposers but rare in others, and sometimes occur where we least expect them. Host preferences among microfungi and ascomycetes that decompose leaf litter are common but usually involve differences in relative frequencies more than presence/absence, so their diversity may be loosely correlated with species richness of host trees. Strong host-specificity appears to be rare among wood decomposer fungi, whereas characteristics of their substrata and habitat are very important for this group. Anthropogenic disturbance predisposed a tropical forest to subsequent hurricane damage, and the resulting direct and indirect effects on host diversity and habitat heterogeneity were reflected in the decomposer fungal community more than sixty years after the original disturbance. While species richness of dictyostelid slime molds and functional diversity of their bacterial prey increased with disturbance, the more diverse microfungi and ascomycetes were apparently negatively affected by disturbance.     

Patterns of ferns community assemblages in some Malaysian and Nigerian tropical forests

Research on fern ecology has gained attention in the last decade, yet there is a paucity of information on the comparison of ferns communities across continents. This study focused on comparing the ferns community assemblages in some tropical forests of Malaysia and Nigeria, thereby assessing the patterns of species richness (SR) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) in relation to the bioclimatic drivers across the continents. The diversity and taxonomic compositions of ferns were assessed using 180 plots of 10 m × 10 m in each country. The species richness and other diversity indices were determined using the combined forests data for each country and for the individual forests. Also, the phylogenetic diversity of the ferns was assessed using the genus‐based molecular sequences downloaded from the GeneBank. The patterns of the ferns SR and PD in the two countries as driven by some bioclimatic factors were evaluated using the regression analysis. The observed and rarefied–extrapolated fern species richness is significantly higher in Malaysian forests than in Nigerian forests. Also, the other diversity indices are significantly higher in Malaysian forests except for the Shannon index which showed no significant difference between the two biogeographic regions. There is a very low similarity (7.41%) in the taxonomic composition of ferns between the two biogeographic areas, although the similarity in composition increased with increasing taxonomic levels (species: 7.41%, genus: 12.77%, family: 70.96%). Terrestrial and epiphytic ferns are more dominant than the other life forms in the two countries. The precipitation variables drive the phylogenetic structure of ferns in Nigeria, whereas both precipitation and temperature variables drive the phylogenetic structure of ferns in Malaysia. This indicates that ferns assemblages in Nigeria and Malaysia are driven by both climatic variables. Besides, we also hypothesize that these observed differences could be due to other historical and evolutionary processes.     

降香黄檀不同混交林土壤细菌多样性差异分析

为探讨降香黄檀不同混交林土壤细菌的多样性及其与土壤性质的关系,应用高通量测序技术,比较降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen)分别与奥氏黄檀(Dalbergia oliveri)、大果紫檀(Pterocarpus macarocarpus)、檀香(Santalum album L.)和母生(Homalium hainanense Gagnep.)混交的4种模式土壤细菌多样性,并结合土壤的理化、酶活进行了相关性分析。结果表明,14种混交林土壤的理化、酶活均存在差异。其中降香黄檀与檀香混交林土壤的含水量、有机质、全氮、有效钾和脲酶含量最高,分别为:5.24%、27.5 g/kg、0.85 mg/g、37.46 mg/kg和0.32 mg/kg,降香黄檀与大果紫檀混交林土壤的p H、有效磷和多酚氧化酶含量最高,分别为:4.48、6.04 mg/kg、4.19 mg/kg。2通过高通量测序表明四种混交模式土壤细菌的丰富度为:降香黄檀×檀香降香黄檀×大果紫檀降香黄檀×奥氏黄檀降香黄檀×母生,土壤细菌多样性为:降香黄檀×大果紫檀降香黄檀×奥氏黄檀降香黄檀×檀香降香黄檀×母生。其中,变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门和厚壁菌门为4种混交模式中的主要菌群。3经冗余分析和相关性分析表明,影响降香黄檀混交林土壤细菌群落结构和细菌多样性的主要土壤理化因子为:p H值、脲酶、多酚氧化酶和有机质。     

Soil microbial diversity and community structure across a climatic gradient in western Canada

Soil microbial functional diversity was assessed along a climatic gradient in Western Canada. Mineral soil samples were collected from jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) stands along an 800km transect between Prince Albert, Saskatchewan and Gillam, Manitoba. Microbial communities were isolated from the soil samples, washed and inoculated into wells of Gram-negative Biolog microplates. Optical density values were used to calculate Shannon diversity indices and to perform principal component analysis. Colour development rank plots (CDR) were created by expressing optical density values as a percentage of total colour development and plotting the wells in descending order. Soil microbial functional diversity decreased with increasing latitude and correlated positively with measures of atmospheric temperature and pH. Soil microbial diversity may be lower in northern sites due to decreased productivity, nutrient limitation and higher acidity. CDR plots are consistent with a trend of increasing environmental harshness moving north along the transect.     

村落文化林与非文化林多尺度物种多样性加性分配

文化林是指村民按照文化传统、风俗习惯或宗教信仰自觉保护和管理的森林,具有一定社会文化功能。目前国内外对文化林物种多样性研究主要为定性描述,缺乏对文化林和非文化林生物多样性的定量比较及差异来源分析。利用物种多样性加性分配方法,将总的Gamma 多样性分成样格内的Alpha多样性以及样格间、样方间和林型间Beta多样性,对中国亚热带地区3个村落文化林的乔木层、灌木层、草本层和藤本层进行物种多样性的多尺度分析。调查发现:(1)文化林共有维管束植物296种,以苦槠,樟和米槠为优势种,非文化林共有维管束植物189种,以杉木、马尾松和毛竹为优势种。文化林乔木层和灌木层物种数显著高于非文化林,草本层和藤本层物种数差异不显著。(2)Beta多样性随尺度增大而增加,林型间Beta多样性最高,占区域总Gamma多样性的41.9%-62.8%,其次是样方间Beta多样性(18.6%-31.9%),对区域多样性贡献最小为样格内Alpha和样格间Beta多样性。(3)林型间的多样性对区域物种多样性的贡献中,文化林占主导作用,乔木层占54.4%-81.0%,灌木层占51.2%-60.2%,草本层占42.9%-64.1%,藤本层占49.9%-62.2%。(4) 物种累积-面积曲线表明,在各个尺度上,文化林物种多样性始终高于非文化林,从而在相同面积下保护了更多的物种。加性分配模型在多个空间尺度上阐明了Alpha和Beta多样性的变化,突出了文化林对区域物种多样性的贡献,对保护对象和保护范围的决策以及生物多样性的保护与恢复具有重要意义。