犬瘟热病毒小熊猫株反向遗传系统的构建及其鉴定

以驯化致弱的犬瘟热病毒小熊猫株(Canine distemper virus,CDV)为模板,构建犬痘热病毒感染性cDNA克隆.对其全基因组序列测定后,用RT-PCR的方法获得组成全长基因的7个片段,通过酶切、拼接将7段CDVcDNA序列插入到真核表达载体pCI的MCS上,构建犬瘟热病毒小熊猫株的全长cDNA质粒(pCI-CDV-LP),同时分别克隆CDV小熊猫株N、P、L蛋白ORF构建三个辅助质粒.酶切鉴定和序列测定表明,pCI载体中插入的核酶及CDV cDNA序列正确无误,使用转染试剂Lipofectamine TM 2000将全长质粒和三个辅助质粒共转染中国仓鼠肾细胞(BSR),经RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光和病毒感染VERO-SLAM细胞试验鉴定,成功拯救出CDV小熊猫株,显示CDV小熊猫株反向遗传系统构建完成,为犬瘟热病毒致病机理及免疫研究奠定基础.     

RNA病毒感染性克隆的构建原理及应用

构建RNA病毒感染性克隆是对RNA病毒实施反向遗传操作技术的前提和基础,本文综述了RNA病毒感染性克隆的构建原理、方法及应用。     

感染性马传染性贫血病毒嵌合克隆的构建

在已有的全长感染性克隆pFD3的基础上,构建了新的低拷贝的全长克隆pLGFD3-8。按照疫苗制备过程中env基因的变化情况,采用基因替换和定点突变的方法,构建了一系列具有马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)强毒株env基因及其主要突变特征的嵌合克隆。利用这些克隆转染FDD细胞,并用逆转录酶活性检测和PCR方法确定其感染性。结果发现,在FDD细胞中传代3次后,可在细胞培养物中检测到逆转录酶活性和原病毒DNA的存在,在电镜下可以观察到典型的EIAV病毒颗粒。这一结果为进一步研究马传染性贫血病毒致病的分子机制和免疫保护机理奠定了良好的基础。     

人博卡病毒1型感染性克隆的构建及鉴定

人博卡病毒1 (human bocaparvovirus 1, HBoV1)为感染人并引起疾病的两种细小病毒之一。其感染2−5岁婴幼儿,能引起轻度或重度急性呼吸道疾病,严重时可危及生命。HBoV1基因组末端含末端反向重复序列(repeat the sequence in reverse, ITR),为病毒基因组复制所必需,但是难以进行PCR扩增合成。本研究通过分步合成末端ITR及分子克隆方法成功构建HBoV1的全长感染性克隆pSKHBoV1。经转染HEK293细胞后,分别从重要非结构蛋白的表达、病毒RNA转录后修饰与加工、病毒基因组复制水平以及子代病毒粒子基因组鉴定等方面,证实构建的感染性克隆在转染HEK293细胞后能够进入正常的复制周期并具有拯救出病毒粒子的潜力,这为后续研究HBoV1的复制增殖、病毒与宿主互作关系以及病毒疫苗的研发奠定了基础。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒Gt株VP5基因缺失株感染性克隆的构建

传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV)是双链,双节段RNA病毒,其基因组由A、B两个节段组成,编码结构蛋白VP1-VP4和非结构蛋白VP5。【目的】利用反向遗传操作构建拯救VP5基因缺失重组IBDV。【方法】利用体外定点突变技术,缺失IBDV Gt株VP5基因,通过多重PCR在基因组两端分别引入锤头状核酶序列(HamRz)和丁肝病毒核酶序列(HdvRz)。将带有核酶序列的IBDV基因组插入载体pCAGG的b肌动蛋白启动子下游,构建了IBDV感染性克隆pCAGGmGtA △VP5HRT,将该感染性克隆与pCAGGmGtBHRT共转染DFⅠ细胞。【结果】RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光均显示获得重组病毒,将其命名为rmGtA △VP5。IBDV VP5基因缺失感染性克隆的成功构建为从分子水平上深入研究vp5基因功能奠定了基础。     

狂犬病病毒CVS-11株全序列测定及其感染性克隆的构建

[目的]测定狂犬病病毒标准攻击毒CVS-11株全基因组序列,构建CVS-11株全长cDNA感染性克隆.[方法]RT-PCR扩增CVS-11株全基因组得到有重叠的12个片段,分别克隆至平端载体pEASY-Blunt,测定CVS-11株全基因组核苷酸序列.用软件DNAMAN分析CVS-11全序列单一性酶切位点,设计引物,分4段扩增CVS-11全基因组,扩增产物经多步酶切、连接逐步插入至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1,获得全长质粒pcDNA3.1-CVS-11.pcDNA3.1-CVS-11与其辅助质粒pcDNA3.1-N、P、L、G共转染NA细胞,经免疫荧光染色、RT-PCR鉴定,拯救得到重组病毒rCVS-11.[结果]CVS-11全基因组序列由11 927个核苷酸组成,编码5个结构蛋白,结构基因排列同已知的其他狂犬病病毒一致.成功构建了CVS-11全长cDNA重组质粒pcDNA3.1-CVS-11和其辅助质粒pcDNA3.1-N、P、L和G.经共转染,成功拯救了重组病毒rCVS-11.[结论]CVS-11株感染性克隆的构建为从分子水平上进一步研究狂犬病病毒奠定了基础.     

犬瘟热病毒XJ株的分离鉴定

应用犬肺原代巨噬细胞,从新疆阿克苏送检的一只病死犬肺脏中分离出1株犬瘟热病毒,并对其进行了形态学、理化学、血清学、动物感染试验、分子生物学鉴定。结果证明所分离的XJ株为1株CDV的强毒株。     

猪圆环病毒2型流行株的分离及其感染性克隆的构建

【目的】通过分离一株猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)流行毒株,并构建其感染性克隆,为研究PCV2基因功能提供操作平台。【方法】通过PCR方法,从疑似患断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合症(PMWS)的仔猪淋巴结中鉴定为猪圆环病毒(Porcine circovirus,PCV)2型阳性。把阳性病料接种PK-15细胞传代培养,在培养物中扩增出PCV2的全基因序列。对扩增出的全序列进行序列测定,并与GenBank中公布的5株广东PCV2分离株(GD-pz、GD-gj、GD-jm、GD-ss和GD-sz)进行同源性分析。通过EcoRⅠ和SalⅠ将PCV2全基因组序列克隆进pUC18载体中,获得含PCV2 GD-zq株全基因组单拷贝的重组质粒pPCV2-GD-zq,再通过SalⅠ和HindⅢ把另一个全长拷贝克隆进pPCV2-GD-zq质粒中,使PCV2 GD-zq株基因组DNA以头尾相接的双重复方式克隆进pUC18载体中,获得重组质粒pPCV2-2GD-zq。将pPCV2-2GD-zq DNA纯化和定量后转染PK-15细胞,拯救PCV2 GD-zq病毒。【结果】从PMWS感染的猪淋巴结中分离到了一株PCV2,命名为GD-zq株;序列分析结果显示,GD-zq株全基因组为1 767 bp,与GenBank中公布的5株广东PCV2分离株ORF1核苷酸一致性为97.1%-99.7%,编码氨基酸一致性为98.7%-100%;ORF2核苷酸一致性为93.2%-99.6%,编码氨基酸一致性为92.3%-99.1%;全基因一致性为96.0%-99.6%。pPCV2-2GD-zq质粒转染PK-15细胞后,其通过间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)能从转染细胞及其传代细胞中,检测到拯救出的病毒。【结论】分离了一株PCV2广东株GD-zq,成功构建了PCV2 GD-zq株的感染性克隆。     

口蹄疫病毒A／AKT／58株基因组全长感染性cDNA克隆的体内拯救

构建了两种口蹄疫病毒（foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV）基因组全长cDNA克隆DTA／FMDV和pCA／FMDV,利用体外转录和体内转录方法制备感染性病毒,并对其抗原性,乳鼠毒力（LD50）和病毒生长动力学等生物学特性进行了分析。为了鉴别野毒与重组病毒,利用融合PCR技术在两种全长cDNA基因组内分别引入了几个点突变（pTA／FMDV;T1029G,pCA／FMDV：A174G,A308G,T1029G）作为遗传标记。结果表明,两种重组病毒对3日龄乳鼠均表现致病性。但是由pTA／FMDV合成的感染性体外转录本RNA的毒力较弱（10^-6）;而与pCT7RNAP质粒共转染的pCA／FMDV体内拯救病毒的毒力较强（10^-7.5）,并在BHK-21细胞上表现出与野毒相似的生长特性。这一结果表明,在FMDV的拯救过程中,以pCT7RNAP为基础的体内拯救系统相比体外转录方法更为简便、实用。该系统为利用反向遗传操作技术深入研究FMDV的分子致病机制及其准种特性等奠定了良好的基础。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒FX株的分离和鉴定

从自然发生的鸡肾病变型传染性支气管炎病例采集病死鸡肾脏为材料,通过接种9－11日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔,进行病毒的分离和传代,分离到1株病毒（FX）,敏感鸡人工感染后出现呼吸症状,剖检病鸡时大我鸡肾肿大并有尿酸盐沉积,病毒能死鸡胚和产生侏儒胚;病毒能干扰鸡新城疫病毒LaSota株在鸡胚中增殖,病毒经电镜观察,其大小在80－120nm之间,囊膜外有纤,病毒经IBV单抗ELISA检测呈强阳性反应。研究结果初步表明,FX毒株为肾型IBV。     

Development and characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against canine distemper virus hemagglutinin protein

Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a serious multisystemic disease in dogs and other carnivora. Hemagglutinin (H) protein‐specific antibodies are mainly responsible for protective immunity against CDV infection. In the present study, six neutralizing MAbs to the H protein of CDV were newly obtained and characterized by immunizing BALB/c mice with a recent Chinese field isolate. Competitive binding inhibition assay revealed that they recognized four distinct antigenic regions of the H protein. Immunofluorescence assay and western blotting showed that all MAbs recognize the conformational rather than the linear epitopes of the H protein. Furthermore, in immunofluorescence and virus neutralization assays, two of the MAbs were found to react only with the recent Chinese field isolate and not with older CDV strains, including vaccine strain Onderstepoort, indicating there are neutralization‐related antigenic variations between the recent Chinese field isolate and the older CDV strains examined in this study. The newly established MAbs are useful for differentiating the expanding CDV strains and could be used in immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis against infection with CDV.     

1型鸭肝炎病毒CL株感染性分子克隆的构建

摘要：【目的】构建1型鸭肝炎病毒（DHV）的感染性克隆,用于研究其基因组的结构与功能。【方法】用RT-PCR方法扩增出覆盖整个1型鸭肝炎病毒CL株基因组3个忠实性片段,并按顺序组装进载体pBR322中,获得全长cDNA克隆（BR-CL）。将BR-CL在体外转录出的RNA转染鸭胚肾细胞,并传至第6代,利用RT-PCR方法和间接免疫荧光试验进行鉴定。将获得的子代病毒（CL-R）在SPF鸡胚上传代,观察鸡胚死亡及胚体病变情况。通过胶体金免疫电镜观察子代病毒粒子的形态。【结果】RT-PCR、间接免疫荧光和胶体金免     

J亚群白血病病毒NX0101株感染性克隆化病毒的构建及其致病性

采用PCR方法分3段扩增出J亚群白血病病毒NX0 10 1株的前病毒cDNA ,PCR产物经克隆后顺次连接,获得一个含有完整ALV J前病毒cDNA的重组质粒,命名为pALV J NX。将此质粒DNA纯化后转染鸡胚成纤维细胞,以针对ALV J的单克隆抗体JE9对转染后的细胞作间接免疫荧光反应,证明获得了具有感染性的病毒。测定原始野毒和分子克隆化病毒的半数组织感染量(TCID50 ) ,分别人工接种1日龄商品代肉鸡并隔离饲养17周。接种野毒组死亡率为2 6 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 4 %。接种分子克隆化病毒组死亡率为2 2 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 2 %。结果表明,克隆化病毒具有天然病毒的致病性并对肉用型鸡表现致瘤性     

Characterization of a full-length infectious clone of bovine foamy virus 3026

The biological features of most foamy viruses (FVs) are poorly understood, including bovine foamy virus (BFV). BFV strain 3026 (BFV3026) was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of an infected cow in Zhangjiakou, China. A full-length genomic clone of BFV3026 was obtained from BFV3026-infected cells, and it exhibited more than 99% amino acid (AA) homology to another BFV strain isolated in the USA. Upon transfection into fetal canine thymus cells, the full-length BFV3026 clone produced viral structural and auxiliary proteins, typical cytopathic effects, and virus particles. These results demonstrate that the full-length BFV3026 clone is fully infectious and can be used in further BFV3026 research.     

Mesenchymal to epithelial transition driven by canine distemper virus infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells contributes to a reduced cell motility in vitro

Sarcomas especially of histiocytic origin often possess a poor prognosis and response to conventional therapies. Interestingly, tumours undergoing mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) are often associated with a favourable clinical outcome. This process is characterized by an increased expression of epithelial markers leading to a decreased invasion and metastatic rate. Based on the failure of conventional therapies, viral oncolysis might represent a promising alternative with canine distemper virus (CDV) as a possible candidate. This study hypothesizes that a CDV infection of canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) triggers the MET process leading to a decreased cellular motility. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were used to investigate the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers followed by scratch assay and an invasion assay as functional confirmation. Furthermore, microarray data were analysed for genes associated with the MET process, invasion and angiogenesis. CDV‐infected cells exhibited an increased expression of epithelial markers such as E‐cadherin and cytokeratin 8 compared to controls, indicating a MET process. This was accompanied by a reduced cell motility and invasiveness. Summarized, these results suggest that CDV infection of DH82 cells triggers the MET process by an increased expression of epithelial markers resulting in a decreased cell motility in vitro.