人类新基因WDR70的克隆及初步研究

运用基于基因组数据库的特定基因同源新基因的克隆策略得到一个人类新基因WDR70 ,该基因编码一个包含 12个WD4 0结构域的蛋白。WDR70的cDNA序列长 2 2 6 6bp ,预测编码蛋白含 6 30个氨基酸 ,理论分子量为 70× 10 3 u ,染色体定位为 17p13.1。以小鼠胚胎为模型进行整体原位杂交 ,结果显示WDR70基因在 8.5d小鼠胚胎中没有表达 ,而在 9.5d和 10 .5d的小鼠胚胎的脑部有特异表达。由此推断该基因对胚胎期脑部的发育有重要的影响。     

Cloning, Tissue Expression Pattern, and Chromosome Location of a Novel Human Gene BRI3BP

A novel cDNA fragment was identified from a human fetal brain cDNA library by using the coding sequence of human BRI3 gene (Accession No. NM015379) as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screening. Then by 5'-RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA end) and electronic hybridization, we obtained a 1.9 kb contig which consists of a novel gene. It was designated as BRI3BP by the HUGO Nomenclature Committee. It contains an open reading frame encoding 251 amino acids. The calculated molecular weight of the deduced protein is 27.8 kU. The predicted isoelectric point is 9.48. Northern hybridization showed its mRNA was highly expressed in brain, kidney, and liver. By RH mapping, the BRI3BP gene was mapped to human chromosome 12q24.2-qter     

Paternal expression of a novel imprinted gene, Peg12/Frat3, in the mouse 7C region homologous to the Prader-Willi syndrome region.

Paternally expressed imprinted genes (Pegs) were systematically screened by comparing gene expression profiles of parthenogenetic and normal fertilized embryos using an oligonucleotide array. A novel imprinted gene, Peg12/Frat3, was identified along with 10 previously known Pegs. Peg12/Frat3 is expressed primarily in embryonic stages and might be a positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. It locates next to the Zfp127 imprinted gene in the mouse 7C region, which has syntenic homology to the human Prader-Willi syndrome region on chromosome 15q11-q13, indicating that this imprinted region extends to the telomeric side in the mouse.     

人类新基因ANKZF1的克隆与表达研究

心脏发育是一个非常复杂的过程,受一系列基因的精确调控.研究表明,许多锌指蛋白参与心脏的形成和疾病的发生.为了鉴定新的与心脏发育有关的人类锌指基因,运用同源基因克隆法,通过PCR技术扩增获得一个新的人类基因,其cDNA全长2459bp,其编码的蛋白由342个氨基酸残基组成(相对分子质量约为7.45kD).经国际人类基因命名委员会批准被命名为ANKZF1.该基因是哺乳动物物种特有基因.利用RTP-CR技术分析表明,该基因在胚胎的心脏、胃、肾和脑组织中有特异性的表达,提示该基因可能与心脏等组织的发育有关.     

小伞山羊草中新型avenin-like基因的克隆及真核表达载体的构建

目的：克隆小伞山羊草中新型avenin-like（类燕麦储藏蛋白）基因,揭示avenin-like基因的表达模式,并构建avenin-like基因真核胚乳特异性表达载体。方法：利用RT-PCR方法揭示avenin-like基因的表达模式,并用PCR方法从小伞山羊草中克隆新型avenin-like基因;将克隆的avenin-like基因插入表达载体pLRPT构建真核表达载体pLRPT-avel,并经酶切和测序鉴定。结果：avenin-like基因在胚乳中特异性表达;克隆得到新型avenin-like基因,并构建了其真核胚乳特异性表达载体。结论：新型avenin-like基因的克隆及其真核表达载体的构建,为小麦品质改良提供了研究基础。     

三芒山羊草中新型储藏蛋白基因Avenin-like的克隆及分析

目的:克隆三芒山羊草(Aegilops neglecta)中新型avenin-like基因,揭示avenin-like基因的表达模式,并对克隆的基因进行相关的分析.方法:利用RT-PCR的方法揭示avenin-like基因的表达模式,并用PCR方法从三芒山羊草中克隆新型的ave-nin-like基因.结果:avenin-like基因在胚乳中特异性表达;克隆得到新型的avenin-like基因;avenin-like基因属于醇溶蛋白超基因家族,含19个半胱氨酸残基、形成8对分子内二硫键和3对分子间二硫键.结论:新型avenin-like基因的克隆为小麦品质改良提供了很好的基因资源.     

The identification of a gene (Cwp1), silenced during Solanum evolution, which causes cuticle microfissuring and dehydration when expressed in tomato fruit

One of the most intriguing phenomena of fleshy fruit is the ability to maintain high water content at maturity, even following harvest. This is accomplished by a fruit cuticle that is highly impermeable to water diffusion. In this paper, we report on a novel genotype of tomato, developed via introgression from the wild species Solanum habrochaites, which is characterized by microfissuring of the fruit cuticle and dehydration of the mature fruit. The microfissure/dehydration phenotype is inherited as a single gene, termed Cwp1 (cuticular water permeability). The gene was fine mapped, and its identity was determined by map-based cloning and differential expression analysis in near-isogenic lines. Causality of the Cwp1 gene was shown by the heterologous transgenic expression of the gene in the cultivated tomato, which caused a microfissured fruit cuticle leading to dehydrated fruit. Cwp1 encodes for a protein of unidentified function in the DUF833 domain family. The gene is expressed in the fruit epidermis of the dehydrating genotype harbouring the wild-species introgression, but not in the cultivated tomato. It is expressed only in the primitive green-fruited wild tomato species, but is not expressed in the cultivated Solanum lycopersicum and the closely related Solanum cheesmaniae and Solanum pimpinellifolium, indicating a pre-adaptive role for Cwp1 silencing in the evolution and domestication of the cultivated tomato.     

利用基因芯片数据挖掘宫颈癌相关基因的EST片段

目的:利用基因芯片数据,探讨宫颈癌在分子水平上的发病机制,挖掘肿瘤相关基因EST片段,探索恶性肿瘤标志物,为肿瘤防治找到新的有效手段。方法:从基因芯片数据库GEO(gene expression omnibus)中获得GSM99077基因芯片数据,利用该数据筛选出宫颈癌相关基因的EST片段;然后通过NCBI中的在线BLAST软件找到与之相匹配的同源序列,对这些同源序列进行生物学功能分析,找到与肿瘤的相关性。结果:共发现宫颈癌组织与正常宫颈组织差异表达EST共127条,其中上调的106条,下调的11条,这些差异表达EST的同源序列的转录产物参与转录、翻译、细胞增殖分裂及细胞信号传导等过程。结论:基因芯片能有效、高通量地获取生物内在信息,通过对基因芯片数据再挖掘,可发现宫颈癌的发生涉及多个基因共同作用。     

A novel RING finger-B box-coiled-coil protein, GERP

The RING finger domain occurs in a wide variety of proteins involved in cellular regulation. The polymerase chain reaction was used to search for novel RING finger proteins, using primers derived from expressed sequence tags (ests). A cDNA encoding a novel RING finger protein expressed in brain, lung, breast, placenta, kidney, muscle, and germinal center B cells is described. The human gene is expressed in a variety of tumors, including anaplastic oligodendroglioma and maps to chromosome 10q24.3, a region showing frequent deletion or loss of heterozygosity in glioblastomas. It was therefore designated glioblastoma expressed RING finger protein (GERP). GERP contains an N-terminal RING finger, followed by two B-boxes and a coiled-coil, and thus belongs to the RBCC subfamily of RING finger proteins. The structure of this protein and its mapping to a locus thought to harbor tumor suppressor genes indicates that it may be a new tumor suppressor gene important in gliomas and other malignancies.     

人类新基因cegl cDNA的克隆及表达研究

CLECT and EGF-like domain contained Gene 1(cegl)基因是用电子克隆的方法获得的人类新基因。该基因定位在人类的第14号染色体上,是一个单一外显子的基因。cegl基因的cDNA长度为2050bp,通过生物信息学方法预测它包含一个1340bp的完整阅读框架,编码一个490个氨基酸的蛋白,含有CLECT、EGF-like结构域各一个。以cegl基因全长编码区为探针的整体原位杂交结果显示该基因的小鼠和鸡的同源基因在各自早期胚胎头部中特异表达,并且在不同时期胚胎神经系统增殖迅速的部位中有大量的表达。RT-PCR结果显示该同源基因在小鼠成体各组织中广泛分布。这提示cegl基因可能与头部生长发育有密切关系,并且对维持成体各组织的正常功能起到重要的作用。对cegl基因在胚胎发育的时间和空间表达模式的研究将有助于进一步深入地揭示它在人脑的正常生长发育中的作用。     

Strong positive selection and recombination drive the antigenic variation of the PilE protein of the human pathogen Neisseria meningitidis

The PilE protein is the major component of the Neisseria meningitidis pilus, which is encoded by the pilE/pilS locus that includes an expressed gene and eight homologous silent fragments. The silent gene fragments have been shown to recombine through gene conversion with the expressed gene and thereby provide a means by which novel antigenic variants of the PilE protein can be generated. We have analyzed the evolutionary rate of the pilE gene using the nucleotide sequence of two complete pilE/pilS loci. The very high rate of evolution displayed by the PilE protein appears driven by both recombination and positive selection. Within the semivariable region of the pilE and pilS genes, recombination appears to occur within multiple small sequence blocks that lie between conserved sequence elements. Within the hypervariable region, positive selection was identified from comparison of the silent and expressed genes. The unusual gene conversion mechanism that operates at the pilE/pilS locus is a strategy employed by N. meningitidis to enhance mutation of certain regions of the PilE protein. The silent copies of the gene effectively allow "parallelized" evolution of pilE, thus enabling the encoded protein to rapidly explore a large area of sequence space in an effort to find novel antigenic variants.     

C18orf2, a novel, highly conserved intronless gene within intron 5 of the GNAL gene on chromosome 18p11

We have characterized a novel intronless human gene (C18orf2) which is embedded in intron 5 of the G-protein gene (GNAL) on chromosome 18p11. This gene codes for a 199 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 22.1 kDa. It is highly homologous to a number of predicted developmental proteins in organisms ranging from yeasts to Drosophila. C18orf2 mRNA was found to be expressed in various tissues.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者13q14.3区域一个候选抑瘤基因MYETS1的克隆与序列分析

为克隆位于多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者染色体13q14.2～13q21.1区域候选抑瘤基因,通过生物信息学分析获取疾病基因定位区域内代表新基因的ESTs,并运用半定量RT-PCR检测它们在正常人与MM患者骨髓组织中的表达水平,发现一条在MM患者骨髓组织中明显表达下调的EST(GenBank收录号:H86826).Northern印迹杂交显示H86826在骨髓组织中转录本大小为1.5kb.通过购买商品化克隆IM-AGE223589测序获得了H86826所代表的基因的1491 bp全长cDNA序列(GenBank收录号:AY368652),人类基因组命名委员会将其命名为MYETS1(myeloma tumor suppressor 1).生物信息学分析其为一个编码分子质量为15.1 kD、等电点为6.13的135个氨基酸的新基因.该基因的功能正在进一步的研究之中.     

基因簇大片段克隆技术研究进展及挑战

天然产物结构复杂、活性多样,是新药开发的重要来源,对天然产物生物合成途径的研究,有利于探索酶催化的合成机制,促进复杂天然产物的应用。天然产物的生物合成由其对应的基因簇调控,其中大量天然产物生物合成基因簇(biosynthetic gene clusters,BGCs)在野生型菌株中无法表达或表达量低。对这些基因簇的研究,需要进行克隆表达,而如何克隆大片段基因簇并使其表达,从而发现新型天然产物是一个具有挑战性的问题。其中构建基因组文库、转化关联重组(transformation-associated recombination,TAR)、Red/ET重组等是克隆大片段基因簇的重要技术。本文从克隆技术的策略和应用两个方面,总结了这3种克隆技术目前的研究进展,讨论了目前大片段基因簇克隆技术面临的挑战,为研究大片段基因簇提供方法学借鉴。