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1.
三种乔木落叶分解过程中跳虫群落结构的演替   总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9  
柯欣  赵立军  尹文英 《昆虫学报》2001,44(2):221-226
1993到1995年,用落叶袋法研究跳虫群落在青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca、马尾松Pinus massoniana和麻栎Quercus acutissima 3种乔木落叶分解过程中的演替变化。青冈落叶分解经淋洗、养分固定和养分活化3个阶段,马尾松和麻栎没有出现阶段性变化。青冈落叶中跳虫个体数和多样性指数均高于马尾松和麻栎落叶中的相应值。跳虫在落叶分解过程中的集聚型分为3组:A组为落叶分解前期集聚的种类,B组为后期的种类,C组为中期或全过程的种类。3种乔木在A组中共有的种类为鳞Tomocerus sp.、等节Isotoma sp. 和杭州刺齿Homidia hangzhouensis;B组共有种类为八眼符Folsomia octoculata、拟裸长角Pseudosinella sp. 和类符Folsomina onychiurina;C组没有共有种类。  相似文献   

2.
胡亚林  汪思龙  黄宇  于小军 《生态学报》2005,25(10):2662-2668
通过模拟试验的方法研究了单一施加杉木(Cunn inghan ia lancceola ta(L am b)Hook.)叶凋落物,杉木(C.lancceola ta)和桤木(A lnus crem astogyne Burk ill)混合凋落物,杉木(C.lancceola ta)和枫香(L iqu id am ba f orm osana H ance)混合凋落物,杉木(C.lancceola ta)、桤木(A.crem astogyne)、枫香(L.f orm osana)混合凋落物对土壤化学性状和土壤微生物量碳、代谢熵(qCO2)、土壤酶活性的影响。研究结果表明,土壤微生物学性状比土壤化学性状对不同凋落物处理的效应反应更敏感;与单一杉木叶凋落物比较,混合凋落物处理的土壤微生物量碳明显增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性升高;土壤代谢熵(qCO2)和土壤多酚氧化酶活性有下降趋势;另外,研究结果也表明,不同树种的叶凋落物混合对土壤质量的影响存在差异,有桤木叶的混合凋落物对土壤质量的改善效果似乎更明显。  相似文献   

3.
Forest litter is a large reservoir of organic compounds that adds CO2 to the atmospheric carbon pool when it decomposes. Predicting CO2 efflux from litter decomposition is difficult because litter can undergo significant diurnal and day-to-day shifts in temperature. Moreover, the relationship between temperature and respiration may change if the decomposer microorganisms acclimate to short-term temperature changes. Therefore, we studied the relationship between temperature and respiration by litter decomposer microorganisms in a Pinus resinosa (Ait.) system and tested the hypothesis that their respiration acclimates to temperature. We found only limited evidence for acclimation following 6 °C shifts for 7 days. This suggests that increase in respiratory CO2 loss associated with increased temperature would not be greatly ameliorated by physiological acclimation for periods of up to a week.  相似文献   

4.
纤维素作为凋落物的关键组分之一, 其分解过程在陆地生态系统碳循环中具有重要作用。该研究汇集了现有研究关于凋落物纤维素分解的时间序列数据, 根据一级指数动力学方程估算了凋落物纤维素分解常数(k), 探索了k在不同气候带、生态系统和叶形态的分布格局, 以及气候、地形、土壤性质、凋落物底物质量对k的影响。结果表明: (1) k在不同气候带与叶形态上差异显著, 表现为: 热带(0.086) >亚热带(0.069) >温带(0.048), 阔叶树种(0.069) >针叶树种(0.059); (2)考虑了随机效应后, k随凋落物初始碳氮比、木质素纤维素比增加而下降, 而随年平均气温升高而增加。该结果表明, 凋落物底物质量和气候对纤维素分解具有重要影响。该研究深化了对凋落物纤维素分解规律的认识, 有助于优化植物凋落物周转和生态系统碳循环模型。  相似文献   

5.
    
Scydmaenine beetles are commonly described as predators specialized in capturing and feeding on armored mites of the order Oribatida, and documented cases of feeding on other live arthropods have not been known. Based on laboratory observations and a broad choice of Acari (armored and soft‐bodied) and other soil arthropods, food preferences and associated behavior of two scydmaenine species are clarified and described. Adults of Scydmaenus tarsatus ignored oribatid and mesostigmatan mites, but readily attacked and fed on a soft‐bodied Rhizoglyphus sp. (Acaridae), and on small springtails, especially on Ceratophysella denticulata (Hypogastruridae). A water drinking behavior was observed for this species, not reported previously in any Staphylinidae. Scydmaenus hellwigii ignored all tested Acari (including Rhizoglyphus) and scavenged on dead neanurine collembolans or freshly cut pieces of large springtails; a long term culture was maintained by feeding beetles with isotomid springtails. Previously reported strict specialization of Scydmaenus as a predator on Oribatida was not confirmed and it is concluded that the studied species feed on live soft‐bodied organisms and scavenge on dead arthropods.  相似文献   

6.
研究植物凋落物分解及其微生物的驱动机制,对于掌握湿地生态系统物质循环特征及其关键生态过程具有重要意义。该研究以滇西北高原典型湿地纳帕海湖滨带的优势植物茭草和杉叶藻为研究对象,通过凋落物袋法和Biolog GenⅢ技术,研究其凋落物在大气界面、水界面和土界面的质量衰减特征以及微生物的碳源利用和代谢的变化规律。结果表明:(1)通过一年的分解,茭草凋落物在大气界面、水界面和土界面的质量残留率分别为77.7%、42.2%、25.3%,显著高于杉叶藻凋落物的相应质量残留率(41.6%、32.5%、12.4%);但同一物种不同分解生境下质量残留率则表现为大气界面水界面土界面。(2)2种植物不同界面的平均吸光度值上升快慢存在差异,茭草土界面和杉叶藻大气界面中的微生物碳源代谢强度最大;土界面下茭草植物微生物碳源利用率最高,且醇类和胺类的碳源利用率达到0.26和0.24。(3)2种植物的微生物群落结构存在一定的差异,茭草凋落物土界面中微生物群落对各类碳源有较强的利用能力,其微生物群落所含物种比较丰富、群落均匀性和多样性更加明显,与茭草凋落物质量残留率季节性变化结果较为一致。研究认为,研究区域内凋落物质量衰减和微生物的关系,可以为生态系统的稳定与发展及凋落物分解的微生物学机理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

7.
森林凋落物分解重要影响因子及其研究进展   总被引:56,自引:4,他引:56  
当前 ,森林凋落物分解被放在陆地生态系统碳平衡背景下进行研究 ,认识凋落物分解过程的影响因素和影响机理对理解地表碳平衡具有重要意义。凋落物在分解过程中 ,伴随有养分含量的变化 ,低品质凋落物在分解前期 (可达 2~ 3年 )会从环境中固定养分 ,特别是氮磷养分 ,而在后期则会释放出养分。凋落物本身的养分含量是影响分解速率的重要因素 ,高养分含量的凋落物分解快些 ,阔叶凋落物比针叶凋落物分解快些。有资料显示 ,在总分解率为2 9 4 %的构成中 ,理化因素、微生物因素与土壤动物因素对凋落物分解的贡献率分别为 7 2 %、8 0 %和 14 2 %。不同类型凋落物在分解过程中的土壤动物类群也不同 ,它也是造成凋落物分解速率不同的关键因素 ,通常阔叶树种凋落物分解过程中 ,会有更多的微节肢动物出现。CO2浓度升高将造成植物有机质含碳量与其它养分的比值升高 ,形成低品质的凋落物 ,从而间接影响凋落物分解速率 ,一般认为 ,全球CO2 浓度升高会加强土壤作为碳汇的功能。  相似文献   

8.
凋落物分解是陆地生态系统物质循环和能量转换的主要途径.凋落物分解主要受到基质质量和气候因素多因子的综合影响.目前国内尚缺乏关于凋落物分解同气候因子和基质质量关系的多元统计和综合分析.应用分解袋法,对亚热带8个主要树种的凋落叶沿中国东部气候带5个地点历时2a的分解试验研究表明,年均降水量是影响中国东部凋落叶分解速率的首要气候因子,其次是实际蒸散和年均温度.凋落叶的初始N含量是决定分解快慢的首要基质因子,其次是P含量和Lignin:N比和C:N比.  相似文献   

9.
    
Decomposition is a key process driving carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems worldwide. The home field advantage effect (HFA) has been found to accelerate decomposition rates when litter originates from “home” when compared to other (“away”) sites. It is still poorly known how HFA plays out in tropical, riparian forests, particularly in forests under restoration. We carried out three independent reciprocal litter transplant experiments to test how litter quality, soil nutrient concentrations, and successional stage (age) influenced HFA in tropical riparian forests. These experimental areas formed a wide gradient of soil and litter nutrients, which we used to evaluate the more general hypothesis that HFA varies with dissimilarity in soil nutrients and litter quality. We found that HFA increased with soil nutrient dissimilarity, suggesting that litter translocation uncouples relationships between decomposers and litter characteristics; and with litter N:P, indicating P limitation in this system. We also found negative HFA effects at a site under restoration that presented low decomposer ability, suggesting that forest restoration does not necessarily recover decomposer communities and nutrient cycling. Within each of the independent experiments, the occurrence of HFA effects was limited and their magnitude was not related to forest age, nor soil and litter quality. Our results imply that HFA effects in tropical ecosystems are influenced by litter nutrient limitation and soil nutrient dissimilarity between home and away sites, but to further disentangle major HFA drivers in tropical areas, a gradient of dissimilarity between litter and soil properties must be implemented in future experimental designs.  相似文献   

10.
         下载免费PDF全文
 草地利用方式影响植被群落结构和土壤微环境, 制约草地生态系统碳循环。该文通过测定温带草原在放牧、割草、围封3种利用方式下湿润年(2012年)和干旱年(2011年)的凋落物产量、质量及其分解速率和土壤碳通量, 分析了草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物的影响, 探讨了凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献机制。结果表明: 在干旱年份, 放牧样地土壤呼吸最大, 分别达到割草和围封样地的1.5倍和1.29倍; 在湿润年份, 割草样地土壤呼吸最大, 为309 g C·m–2·a–1, 明显高于放牧样地和围封样地。不论干旱年还是湿润年, 围封样地凋落物产量都大于放牧样地和割草样地。3种利用方式下湿润年土壤呼吸和凋落物分解均比干旱年增强。因此, 水分是温带草原植物生长和生态系统碳循环的主要限制因子, 草地利用方式则显著影响凋落物生产和分解。进一步分析表明, 经过两年的分解, 同一样地内凋落物质量C:N下降, N含量和木质素:N升高, 土壤呼吸与凋落物产量、凋落物分解速率以及木质素:N正相关, 而与凋落物C:N负相关。  相似文献   

11.
凋落物和根系向土壤的碳输入是森林生态系统的关键过程,输入量及组分的变化直接影响森林土壤碳汇功能和生产力。在沂蒙山区栎类天然次生林中,开展添加/去除凋落物及去除根系的定位控制试验。于控制试验开展21个月后,采用Biolog Eco微平板培养法,研究凋落物和根系对土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的影响。结果表明,凋落物倍增处理增加了土壤微生物碳源代谢功能,增加了对糖类和胺类的代谢能力。去除凋落物处理、去除根系处理和无输入处理都降低了土壤微生物碳源代谢功能。去除凋落物处理降低土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的幅度大于去除根系处理,表明当前条件下凋落物对土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的影响大于根系,但如果抛除掉去除根系处理中残留根系的影响,凋落物和根系对土壤微生物碳源代谢功能的相对大小可能会发生变化。土壤有机碳含量、铵态氮含量显著影响微生物碳源代谢多样性(P<0.05),并与碳源代谢功能正相关。凋落物倍增处理通过增加土壤铵态氮和有机碳含量,增加微生物碳源代谢功能,去除凋落物处理和无输入处理通过降低土壤铵态氮和有机碳含量,降低微生物碳源代谢功能。结果深化了碳输入途径(地上凋落物与地下根系)和数量(凋落物倍增、凋落物去除与对照)对温带栎类天然次生林土壤碳代谢过程的认识。  相似文献   

12.
凋落物对土壤有机碳与微生物功能多样性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
森林凋落物是影响土壤微生物群落和有机碳含量的重要因素,但其作用的程度和机制尚不清楚,研究该问题对于分析森林生态系统碳循环和资源管理具有重要意义。研究凋落物去除与添加处理下土壤有机碳含量与土壤微生物对碳源利用的差异,明确凋落物去除与添加对土壤微生物群落代谢功能及其多样性的影响,探究不同处理下SOC含量变化的土壤微生物群落代谢机理。选取承德市雾灵山1405-1435 m海拔范围内核桃楸-蒙古栎混交林的表层土壤,采用室内培养结合Biolog-ECO方法,测定了培养第21天的土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)含量及微生物群落的AWCD值、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、McIntosh均匀度指数、Pielou丰富度指数,分析培养期内凋落物的不同处理下SOC含量与微生物功能多样性的变化特征。结果表明:1)不同凋落物处理对SOC含量与土壤微生物群落多样性具有显著影响(P<0.05),DL > HL > NL > CK;2)不同凋落物处理下土壤微生物群落代谢活性和土壤微生物对碳源的利用程度具有显著差异(P<0.05),碳水化合物类和氨基酸类是土壤微生物的主要碳源;3)不同处理的SOC含量与土壤微生物多样性具有正相关关系。双倍凋落物添加在短期内对土壤微生物多样性影响难以达到显著水平且在一定程度上对土壤微生物的代谢活性具有抑制作用,土壤微生物群落功能多样性对SOC含量具有重要影响。  相似文献   

13.
In the absence of autochthonous inputs, it has been hypothesised that winds operate as an important vector for the nutritional subsidisation of pre-vegetative sites on deglaciated terrain (the aeolian subsidisation hypothesis). Aerial deposition of passively transported organic matter (non-flying Collembola and Acari; organic detritus) was measured on the proglacial region of the Midtre Lovénbre glacier, Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen during June and July 2003. Passive fallout, in terms of both biomass and rates of accumulation, was insufficient to explain the abundance and relative functional diversity of arthropod communities on such nutritionally depauperate sites. The role of wind as a passive vector for nutrient introduction is far overshadowed by the allochthonous inputs provided by the active dispersal to and/or colonisation of recently deglaciated habitats by arthropods.  相似文献   

14.
Koide  Roger T.  Shumway  Durland L. 《Plant and Soil》2000,219(1-2):57-69
We studied variation in forest floor thickness in four plantations of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) which were similar in age, soil type and associated vegetation. The plantations were located (west to east) in the Clear Creek, Moshannon, Sproul and Tiadaghton State Forests of Pennsylvania, USA. A gradient in forest floor thickness exists across these plantations; the forest floor is thickest in the west and it becomes progressively thinner toward the east. Decomposition of imported litter increased from west to east, suggesting that the variation in forest floor thickness is related to variation in the rate of decomposition. Decomposition rates were related to saprotroph abundance. Variation in forest floor N and phenolic concentrations, in overall mycorrhiza density and in the relative proportions of three common mycorrhiza morphotypes could not explain the variation in decomposition rate. The P concentrations and pH of the forest floor were significantly lower at Clear Creek and Moshannon, where decomposition rates were lowest, compared to Sproul and Tiadaghton, where decomposition rates were most rapid. This suggests that P concentration and pH may have exerted some control on decomposition.  相似文献   

15.
降水量变化对蒙古栎落叶分解过程的间接影响   总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8  
分析了在4种不同降水量条件下蒙古栎叶凋落物基质质量的变化,并应用分解袋法研究其凋落物在蒙古栎次生林内的分解过程.结果表明:与对照相比,降水量减少条件下,蒙古栎叶凋落物的初始N、P、K浓度显著升高,初始木质素浓度显著降低,凋落物分解速率大,N、P、K矿化率高,N和P固持时间缩短;降水量增加情况下,其凋落物初始N浓度显著降低、木质素浓度显著升高,N、P、K矿化率低,N和P固持时间延长.4种类型叶片凋落物的质量损失过程均符合指数降解模型,分解速率可以由凋落物木质素/N来预测.相关性分析显示,木质素浓度高、N浓度低的两种凋落物的分解速率与N浓度相关性最大;而木质素浓度低、N浓度高的两种凋落物的分解速率与木质素浓度相关性最大.说明降水量的变化显著地改变了蒙古栎叶凋落物的基质质量,进而间接地改变了凋落物的分解过程.  相似文献   

16.
李锦梅  洪江涛  庞博  王小丹 《生态学报》2025,45(6):2571-2581
木质素是植物残体分解中最顽固的组分,其降解过程是陆地生态系统碳循环的限速步骤。然而,目前关于氮沉降对高寒草原植物根系木质素降解率的研究十分匮乏。采用凋落物分解袋法,基于连续4年氮沉降模拟实验平台,对藏北高寒草原4个典型物种根系凋落物分解及木质素降解进行研究。结果表明:(1)模拟氮沉降对藏北高寒草原植物根系质量损失率和木质素降解率均无显著影响。(2)根系质量损失率随分解时间的推移逐渐上升,而木质素降解率呈现初期较低-中期上升-末期下降的特征。(3)根系质量损失率受初始木质素/氮的调控,高初始木质素/氮根系的质量损失率显著低于低初始木质素/氮的根系。木质素降解率受初始木质素浓度的调控,初始木质素浓度较高的根系表现出更快的木质素降解率。研究结果为深入认识氮沉降对高寒草地生态系统根系分解与物质循环提供了科学数据。  相似文献   

17.
草地利用方式影响植被群落结构和土壤微环境, 制约草地生态系统碳循环。该文通过测定温带草原在放牧、割草、围封3种利用方式下湿润年(2012年)和干旱年(2011年)的凋落物产量、质量及其分解速率和土壤碳通量, 分析了草地利用方式对土壤呼吸和凋落物的影响, 探讨了凋落物对土壤呼吸的贡献机制。结果表明: 在干旱年份, 放牧样地土壤呼吸最大, 分别达到割草和围封样地的1.5倍和1.29倍; 在湿润年份, 割草样地土壤呼吸最大, 为309 g C∙m-2∙a-1, 明显高于放牧样地和围封样地。不论干旱年还是湿润年, 围封样地凋落物产量都大于放牧样地和割草样地。3种利用方式下湿润年土壤呼吸和凋落物分解均比干旱年增强。因此, 水分是温带草原植物生长和生态系统碳循环的主要限制因子, 草地利用方式则显著影响凋落物生产和分解。进一步分析表明, 经过两年的分解, 同一样地内凋落物质量C:N下降, N含量和木质素:N升高, 土壤呼吸与凋落物产量、凋落物分解速率以及木质素:N正相关, 而与凋落物C:N负相关。  相似文献   

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  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
《植物生态学报》2016,40(8):748
Aims Grazing intensity and grazing exclusion affect ecosystem carbon cycling by changing the plant community and soil micro-environment in grassland ecosystems. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the effects of grazing intensity and grazing exclusion on litter decomposition in the temperate grasslands of Nei Mongol; 2) to compare the difference between above-ground and below-ground litter decomposition; 3) to identify the effects of precipitation on litter production and decomposition. Methods We measured litter production, quality, decomposition rates and soil nutrient contents during the growing season in 2011 and 2012 in four plots, i.e. light grazing, heavy grazing, light grazing exclusion and heavy grazing exclusion. Quadrate surveys and litter bags were used to measure litter production and decomposition rates. All data were analyzed with ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation procedures in SPSS. Important findings Litter production and decomposition rates differed greatly among four plots. During the two years of our study, above-ground litter production and decomposition in heavy-grazing plots were faster than those in light-grazing plots. In the dry year, below-ground litter production and decomposition in light-grazing plots were faster than those in heavy-grazing plots, which is opposite to the findings in the wet year. Short-term grazing exclusion could promote litter production, and the exclusion of light-grazing could increase litter decomposition and nutrient cycling. In contrast, heavy-grazing exclusion decreased litter decomposition. Thus, grazing exclusion is beneficial to the restoration of the light-grazing grasslands, and more human management measures are needed during the restoration of heavy-grazing grasslands. Precipitation increased litter production and decomposition, and below-ground litter was more vulnerable to the inter-annual change of precipitation than above-ground litter. Compared to the light-grazing grasslands, heavy-grazing grasslands had higher sensitivity to precipitation. The above-ground litter decomposition was strongly positively correlated with the litter N content (R2 = 0.489, p < 0.01) and strongly negatively correlated with the soil total N content (R2 = 0.450, p < 0.01), but it was not significantly correlated with C:N and lignin:N. Below-ground litter decomposition was negatively correlated with the litter C (R2 = 0.263, p < 0.01), C:N (R2 = 0.349, p < 0.01) and cellulose content (R2 = 0.460, p < 0.01). Our results will provide a theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and the research of carbon cycling.  相似文献   

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凋落物作为森林生态系统的重要功能组成部分,其分解过程不仅是生态系统物质循环和能量流动的主要途径,还是构成生物地球化学循环的关键环节,深刻影响着土壤肥力、碳储存与释放以及生物多样性等多个方面,对维持生态平衡具有重要意义。该文系统性地总结归纳了影响凋落物分解的主要因素,具体包括凋落物的化学组成、物理结构等质量特征,气候条件的变化,以及土壤分解者的种类与活性等。同时,该文还深入梳理了近些年来国内外在凋落物分解领域的研究进展和热点话题,这对深化森林生态系统管理、推动物质循环研究以及应对全球气候变化等都具有重要的理论与实践意义。未来研究应在整合不同森林生态系统的背景下,进一步深化对主场效应、土壤动物作用、光降解等话题的认识,并建立系统的分解机制研究框架。此外,构建一个针对全球气候变化背景下不同凋落物处理(包括添加与去除)的长期固定实验网络平台,对于深入揭示凋落物分解对土壤有机碳转化与稳定性机制具有重要意义。在全球气候变化的大背景下,该文为进一步探索凋落物分解过程的影响因素及其响应机制提供了生态学视角的见解与建议。  相似文献   

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