Preferential formation of 13-hydroxylinoleic acid by human peripheral blood eosinophils

Lipid mediators released by inflammatory and immune cells play an important role in inflammatory and immune processes. Most attention has been focussed on arachidonic-derived mediators, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and lipoxins. Literature data, however, suggest that also metabolites of the unsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid may be important in this respect. We have studied the formation and release of 9-hydroxy- and 13-hydroxy-linoleic acid (9-HODE and 13-HODE) by enriched populations of human peripheral blood neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. We demonstrate that the eosinophil preferentially produces 13-HODE, whereas the other cell types produce equal amounts of 9-HODE and 13-NODE. The biological significance of these findings is discussed.     

冬青属植物化学成分研究进展(综述)

近5年来,从冬青属植物中分离得到51种新化合物,绝大多数被鉴定为三萜及其皂甙,并显示其独特的生物活性。本文总结了这些化合物的结构和^13C-NMR数据。     

Hoxc13在毛囊发育中的作用

Hoxc13属于Hox(Homobox)基因家族Abd-B类成员之一, 与毛囊形成和毛发生长密切相关。毛发结构蛋白KP(角蛋白)和KAP(角蛋白关联蛋白)的表达都受Hoxc13的严格调控, Hoxc13表达水平会直接影响毛发的特性, 对维持毛囊的正常形态也至关重要。文章就Hoxc13的表达水平对毛囊发育和毛发生长的影响及Hoxc13与相关基因的调控进行了综述。     

南蛇藤化学成分研究进展(综述)

近几十年来,从南蛇藤植物中已分离得到60余种化合物,其中大部分是倍半萜、三萜和黄酮。本文概述从南蛇藤中得到的数十种化合物的结构和波谱数据。     

Cdc13在端粒保护和细胞周期中的功能

在酿酒酵母中Cdc13是端粒复制调控机制中的重要分子,其主要作用是募集端粒酶复合体形成端粒末端保护,为细胞周期顺利进行做准备;此过程是Cdc13与正、负调控因子相互作用协调完成的。Cdc13突变会引起端粒不稳定、细胞凋亡及衰老,对Cdc13及在人类中存在的同源蛋白质的基础研究,为肿瘤治疗开辟了新的途径。     

拟南芥转录因子GRAS家族基因群响应渗透和干旱胁迫的初步探索

GRAS家族是一类植物特有的转录调控因子,已有报道表明该家族基因在植物生长发育和光信号转导过程中具有重要作用.目前在拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)基因组中已鉴定了33个GRAS家族基因.利用功能基因组学和生物信息学手段,通过基因芯片数据挖掘和基因功能预测,对拟南芥GRAS家族基因在渗透和干旱胁迫过程中的应答模式进行了初步探索,提出了一类响应渗透胁迫和干旱胁迫的拟南芥GRAS家族基因.以SCL13为例,利用基因芯片相关性和GO分析,对其在渗透胁迫信号转导过程中可能的调控机制进行了预测和分析.这一研究将为阐明GRAS家族基因参与水分胁迫的分子机制提供新的思路,同时也为植物抗逆分子育种提供候选基因.     

MMP-13基因多态性与食管癌、贲门癌遗传易感性的关联研究

采用病例-对照研究, 分析河北省磁、涉县食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)患者和贲门腺癌(GCA)患者与健康对照人群的基质金属蛋白酶-13(MMP-13)基因启动子区转录起始点上游77 bp处A/G多态等位基因和基因型频率分布的差异, 旨在探讨此基因多态性与ESCC、GCA遗传易感性的关系。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术检测316名ESCC患者、243名GCA患者和609名健康对照的MMP-13 A-77G SNP的基因型。结果表明, MMP-13 SNP的基因型及等位基因型频率在两患者组和健康对照组之间, 其总体分布均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。根据吸烟状况分层分析发现, 吸烟组中GCA患者组与对照组A/A、A/G、G/G基因型频率分别是27.1%、44.1%、28.8%和17.8%、60.5%、21.7%, 两组相比具有显著性差异(c2=9.01, P =0.01), GCA患者组A/G基因型频率明显低于对照组, 与A/A基因型比较, A/G基因型可能减少吸烟个体GCA的发病风险(OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.28~0.83)。认为MMP-13基因A-77G SNP可能与河北省磁、涉县人群的食管癌、贲门癌发病风险无关; 但A/G基因型对吸烟人群的GCA发病可能具有防护作用。     

Effect of centrally administered apelin-13 on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in mice

Apelin, as the endogenous ligand for the APJ, regulates many biological functions, including blood pressure, neuroendocrine, drinking behavior, food intake and colonic motility. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of central apelin-13 on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in mice. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of apelin-13 (3 and 10 μg/mouse) decreased gastric emptying rate by 10.9% and 17.1%. This effect was significantly antagonized by the APJ receptor antagonist apelin-13(F13A) and the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, respectively. However, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of apelin-13 (10-100 μg/mouse) did not affect gastric emptying. Apelin-13 (0.3, 1 and 3 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) inhibited gastrointestinal transit by 16.8%, 23.4% and 19.2%. Apelin-13(F13A) and naloxone could also reverse this antitransit effect induced by apelin-13. Taken together, these results suggest that i.c.v. injected apelin-13 inhibits gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit and it seems that APJ receptor and opioid receptor might be involved in these processes.     

外源性Apelin-13 对心力衰竭大鼠血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ 和肾上腺髓质素的影响

目的:研究给予外源性Apelin-13治疗对血流动力学、血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(Angiotensin-Ⅱ,AngⅡ)和肾上腺髓质素(Adrenomedulin,ADM)水平的影响。方法:将50只大鼠随机分为3组:心衰组(n=20)、治疗组(n=20)和正常对照组(n=10),阿霉素(ADR)腹腔注射建立大鼠心衰模型,治疗组给药外源性Apelin-13治疗,检测大鼠血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平(ELISA法)以及血流动力学的水平。结果:心衰组和治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比正常对照组增高,但治疗组血浆AngⅡ和ADM水平比心衰组明显降低,治疗组左心室内压最大升降速度(LV±dp/dtmax)、左室最大收缩压(LVESP)比心衰组增高,左室舒张末期压(LVEDP)比心衰组低(P均<0.05)。结论:外源性apelin-13抑制体内的AngⅡ和ADM水平可能对ADR诱导的大鼠心衰有保护作用。     

水稻热休克转录因子OsHSF13的克隆与生物信息学的初步分析(简报)

环境刺激的信号转导是植物信号转导的一个重要研究方向。热激反应(heat-shockresponse,HSR)是动植物细胞或器官在遇到外界热刺激时所产生的一种保护性反应,是正常的蛋白质合成受阻时产生热激蛋白(heat-shockprotein,HSP)的一种细胞生理活动,其表达通过热休克转录因子(heat-shock factor,HSF)来进行调控[1]。编码热激蛋白基因的启动子区域存在着一段保守的DNA序列,是热休克转录因子的结合位点(heat-shockelement,HSE)。当植物受到外界的热刺激时,HSF可以与HSE特异性结合,激活热激蛋白基因的表达,     

安普霉素的生物合成: 辛二糖C7′-N上甲基的甘氨酸来源

安普霉素是一类结构特殊的氨基糖苷类抗生素, 其分子中含一个稀有的辛二糖结构单元. 迄今为止, 尚无关于安普霉素生物合成途径及其前体化合物的完整报道. 研究发现, 向发酵培养基中添加甘氨酸和丝氨酸均可以出现在菌体生长保持基本不变的情况下促进抗生素产量的现象, 表明甘氨酸和/或丝氨酸可能参与了安普霉素的合成. [2-¹³C]甘氨酸示踪实验的核磁共振(NMR)检测结果表明, 甘氨酸专一地掺入安普霉素辛二糖环C7′-N甲基. 同时发现, 菌体胞内的S腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)水平上升与外加甘氨酸的量呈正比, 但是甲硫氨酸的加入会抑制安普霉素的合成. 据报道, 甲硫氨酸对结构中含有甲基取代基的抗生素, 如对rapamycin的 生物合成中转甲基过程有抑制作用. 由此推测, 尽管甲硫氨酸本身对抗生素产量呈抑制作用, 甘氨酸仍然可能通过甲硫氨酸循环提供甲基. 此外, [2-¹³C,¹⁵N]丝氨酸的示踪实验结果表明丝氨酸也可能作为安普霉素的限制性前体物参与了NH₂的合成.     

Targeting of SPCSV-RNase3 via CRISPR-Cas13 confers resistance against sweet potato virus disease

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important crops in the world, and its production rate is mainly decreased by the sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) caused by the co-infection of sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato feathery mottle virus. However, methods for improving SPVD resistance have not been established. Thus, this study aimed to enhance SPVD resistance by targeting one of its important pathogenesis-related factors (i.e., SPCSV-RNase3) by using the CRISPR-Cas13 technique. First, the RNA targeting activity of four CRISPR-Cas13 variants were compared using a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana. LwaCas13a and RfxCas13d had more efficient RNA and RNA virus targeting activity than PspCas13b and LshCas13a. Driven by the pCmYLCV promoter for the expression of gRNAs, RfxCas13d exhibited higher RNA targeting activity than that driven by the pAtU6 promoter. Furthermore, the targeting of SPCSV-RNase3 using the LwaCas13a system inhibited its RNA silencing suppressor activity and recovered the RNA silencing activity in N. benthamiana leaf cells. Compared with the wild type, transgenic N. benthamiana plants carrying an RNase3-targeted LwaCas13a system exhibited enhanced resistance against turnip mosaic virus TuMV-GFP and cucumber mosaic virus CMV-RNase3 co-infection. Moreover, transgenic sweet potato plants carrying an RNase3-targeted RfxCas13d system exhibited substantially improved SPVD resistance. This method may contribute to the development of SPVD immune germplasm and the enhancement of sweet potato production in SPVD-prevalent regions.     

13CMFA过程中GC-MS分析菌体蛋白氨基酸的13C标记丰度

基于13C标记的代谢通量分析(13CMFA)由于具有准确性和应用性已成为国际上代谢工程研究的热点,其中一个至关重要的问题就是分析菌体蛋白氨基酸的13C标记丰度信息。用含20%全标记葡萄糖（［U-13C］）和80%天然葡萄糖的合成培养基喂养维生素B12生产菌Pseudomonas denitrifican,然后在稳态条件下取20mg带13C标记菌体用1ml 6mol/L盐酸95℃水解24h得到带13C标记的菌体蛋白氨基酸;氨基酸经分离、浓缩、真空干燥、MBDSTFA衍生化后得到的TBDMS衍生物可以用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)进行分析,最后分析质谱图得到15种菌体蛋白氨基酸的13C标记丰度信息。成功获得菌体蛋白氨基酸13C标记丰度信息的实验方法和样品处理技术,为13CMFA在国内进一步发展提供了参考意义。     

TP-M13自动荧光检测法在高粱SSR基因型鉴定中的应用

研究利用TP-M13自动荧光检测法对48份高粱材料进行了简单序列重复(SSR)标记的基因型鉴定.在这个方法中,需要合成一个普适性的用荧光(如FAM)标记的M13引物,并把M13的正向引物和一个SSR反向引物相连(称为TP-M13引物),利用3条引物序列进行PCR扩增,其PCR产物在DNA测序仪(如ABI3700仪)上进行自动荧光检测.结果表明,这种方法和其他的传统方法相比,具有经济、灵敏、高效的优点.建议在利用数量很多的SSR标记对数量有限的基因组较小的材料进行基因型鉴定时,使用TP-M13自动荧光检测系统.     

Carbon-13 as a tool for the study of carbohydrate structures,conformations and interactions

The application of ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy to problems involving the structures and interactions of carbohydrates is described. Both ¹³C-enriched and natural abundance compounds were used and some advantages of the use of the stable isotope are described. Carbon-carbon and carbon-proton coupling constants obtained from 1-¹³ C enriched carbohydrates were employed in the assignment of their chemical shifts and to establish solution conformation. In all cases studied thus far, C-3 couples to C-1 only in the β-anomers while C-5 couples to C-1 only in the α-anomers. C-6 and C-2 always couple to C-1 in both anomeric species. The alkaline degradation of glucose [1-¹³ C] to saccharinic acids was followed by ¹³C-NMR. The conversion of glucose [1-¹³ C] to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate [1,6-¹³ C] by enzymes of the glycolytic pathway was shown as an example of the use of ¹³C-enriched carbohydrates to elucidate biochemical pathways. In a large number of glycosyl phosphates the ³¹P to H-1 and ³¹P to C-2 coupling constants demonstrate that in the preferred conformation the phosphate group lies between the O-5 and the H-1 of the pyranose ring. The influence of paramagnetic Mn²⁺ ions on the proton decoupled ¹³C-NMR spectra of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine indicates that the Mn²⁺ interacts strongly with the pyrophosphate moiety and with the carbonyl groups of the uracil and N-acetyl groups.     

The permeability of the lysosomal membrane to small ions

The permeability of the lysosomal membrane to small anions and cations was studied at 37°C and pH 7.0 in a lysosomal-mitochondrial fraction isolated from the liver of untreated rats. The extent of osmotic lysis following ion influx was used as a measure of ion permeancy. In order to preserve electroneutrality, anion influx was coupled to an influx of K⁺ in the presence of valinomycin, and cation influx was coupled to an efflux of H⁺ using the protonophore $\text{3-tert-}\text{butyl-5,2′-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicilylanilide}$. Lysosomal lysis was monitored by observing the loss of latency of two lysosomal hydrolases.The order of permeability of the lysosomal membrane to anions was found to be $\text{SCN}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{> I}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{> CH}{}_3\text{COO}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{> Cl}{}^{\mathrm{?}}\text{≈ HCO}{}^{\mathrm{?}}{}_3\text{≈ P}{}_{\mathrm{i}}\text{> SO}{}_4{}^{\mathrm{2?}}$ and that to cations $\text{Cs}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{> K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{> Na}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{> H}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$. These orders are largely in agreement with the lyotropic series of anions and cations.The implications of these findings for the mechanism by means of which a low intralysosomal pH is produced and maintained are discussed.     

Two-bond C-C spin-coupling constants in carbohydrates: effect of structure on coupling magnitude and sign

An empirical projection method is described to predict the magnitudes and signs of two-bond ¹³C-¹³C spin-coupling constants (²J_CC) in aldopyranosyl rings. The method has been applied primarily to the interpretation of ²J_CCC values, although the behavior of ²J_COC has also been examined in light of the new approach, producing results which may prove useful in the conformational analysis of O-glycosidic linkages in oligosaccharides. High-level ab initio calculations of ²J_CC values in model compounds were found to be in agreement with the predictions.     

Evaluation of interleukin 13 polymorphisms in systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by excessive cutaneous and visceral fibrosis, damage to small blood vessels, and production of autoantibodies. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) has been shown to be involved in abnormal fibrosis in other diseases. Therefore, we have evaluated its possible involvement in SSc. We analyzed four IL13 gene polymorphisms, rs1800925 (IL13-1055), rs20541 (Arg130Gln), rs847, and rs2243204 in 107 unrelated SSc patients (40 patients having diffuse cutaneous form and 67 patients having limited cutaneous form) and in 170 controls. All subjects were Caucasians. In the total patient population and in the diffuse cutaneous subset, we observed an association between two IL13 polymorphisms, IL13 rs1800925 (IL13-1055), and IL13 rs2243204, and disease (p=0.03–0.04). The IL13 rs2243204T allele was more common in SSc patients (p=0.01, OR=2.3 CI 1.21–4.38) and in the diffuse cutaneous form (p=0.01, OR=2.95, CI 1.35–6.49) than in control subjects. Our result supports the suggestion that polymorphisms in IL13 are associated to SSc and skin fibrosis process. However, further studies on larger and independent population and functional analyses are needed to confirm these findings.     

Rab13 GTPase在大鼠睾丸中的表达及其与生精上皮周期的关系

目的初步明确Rab13 GTPase在大鼠精子发生及成熟过程中的表达情况和可能发挥的作用。方法首先通过RT-PCR技术检测了Rab13 GTPase在不同日龄大鼠睾丸组织中的表达,又利用RT-PCR和Western-blot检测了Rab13在大鼠不同组织中的表达情况,最后采用免疫组化技术检测Rab13 GTPase在大鼠不同期别生精上皮中的分布。结果 RT-PCR显示Rab13 GTPase mRNA水平在40日龄大鼠睾丸组织中表达达到最高峰;在40日龄大鼠,Rab13 GTPase在心、脑、肺、脾、睾丸等5种组织中均有表达,在肺组织中表达量最多;在精子细胞成熟过程中,Rab13在生精上皮基底部及生精细胞周围都有分布,在精子释放前则主要集中分布于生精上皮基底部。结论 Rab13 GTPase的分布,可能随生精上皮周期的变化而对精子发生过程具有一定的调节作用。     

Patau综合征患者额外13号染色体父亲起源

报告1例孕38周经剖腹产出生的畸形男儿。患儿双侧唇裂,严重腭裂,胸骨畸形,骶部脊柱裂,双侧睾丸未降,足内翻。出生后10分钟由于呼吸衰竭而夭折。患儿经外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型分析为47,XY,+13,后经荧光原位杂交技术加以证实。对患儿及其父母进行短重复序列D13S317位点检测,证实患儿额外的13号染色体源自父亲第一次减数分裂不分离。