微生物表面展示技术及其在环境污染治理中的应用

微生物表面展示技术是通过基因工程手段,将短的外源肽或蛋白质表达在微生物细胞表面,该技术可以应用于开发活的细菌疫苗、筛选抗体库、生产生物细胞吸附剂以及制备整细胞生物催化剂。通过金属高效结合肽的肽库筛选和微生物展示技术,将金属结合肽直接展示在微生物的表面,用于处理环境中的重金属污染,为环境中重金属污染的防治提供了一条崭新的途径。利用微生物表面展示技术制备整细胞催化剂,用于有毒有机污染物的处理,可以极大地加快污染物的降解速率。简要介绍了微生物表面展示技术及其在重金属污染治理和毒性有机污染物的脱毒等环境生物修复方面的最新研究进展。     

分子文库展示技术

分子文库展示技术是一系列广泛应用于多肽、蛋白质及药物筛选和研究蛋白质间相互作用的有效的生物学技术。它将组合成的具有一定长度的随机序列寡核苷酸片段(或cDNA)克隆到特定表达载体中,使其表达产物(多肽片段或蛋白质结构域)以融合蛋白的形式展示在活的噬菌体或细胞表面。根据其蛋白质表达是否依赖于宿主表达系统,分为体内表达展示系统和无细胞展示系统(体外表达展示系统)。就其展示的部位不同又可分为噬菌体展示技术、细胞表面展示技术、核糖体展示技术、mRNA展示技术等。现对各种展示技术的基本原理及相关应用做简要综述。     

细菌运载蛋白及在表面展示技术中的应用进展

细菌细胞表面展示技术是一项新的蛋白质应用技术,其体系由运载蛋白、靶蛋白和宿主菌三者构成,一般可将其分为革兰阴性菌展示体系和革兰阳性菌展示体系两大类。目前已证实多种具有锚定活性的运载蛋白,并用于不同靶蛋白的细胞表面展示体系。该技术现已被应用于活体重组疫苗的开发、蛋白质文库构建与筛选、生物传感器、全细胞生物催化剂、全细胞生物吸附与降解等多个研发领域。     

酿酒酵母细胞表面展示技术在燃料乙醇生产中的应用及研究进展

酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae细胞表面展示表达系统是一种固定化表达异源蛋白质的真核展示系统,具有糖基化作用及蛋白翻译后折叠等优势,更利于基因工程操作。近年来,酵母细胞表面工程作为一种新兴策略来固定化淀粉水解酶、纤维素水解酶以及木聚糖降解酶,从而应用于燃料乙醇的生产。文中着重介绍了酵母细胞表面展示系统的基本原理、研究现状以及在生物乙醇生产中的应用前景及所面临的挑战。     

脂肪酶的表面展示及其应用

脂肪酶是一种广泛应用的水解酶类。脂肪酶的表面展示技术不仅是脂肪酶蛋白质工程中一种有效的高通量筛选方法,而且展示的脂肪酶与自由酶相比具备更高的温度稳定性、有机溶剂稳定性等优点,其作为全细胞催化剂与传统的固定化脂肪酶相比也具备诸多优点。脂肪酶表面展示的宿主包括噬菌体、细菌以及酵母等,本文将分别介绍这三种宿主中脂肪酶表面展示的概况以及其作为高通量筛选和全细胞等方面的应用。     

脂肪酶表面展示技术

脂肪酶是一种广泛应用的水解酶类.脂肪酶的表面展示技术不仅是脂肪酶蛋白质工程中一种有效的高通量筛选方法,而且展示的脂肪酶与自由酶相比具备更高的温度稳定性、有机溶剂稳定性等优点,其作为全细胞催化剂与传统的固定化脂肪酶相比也具备诸多优点.脂肪酶表面展示的宿主包括噬菌体、细菌以及酵母等,将分别介绍这三种宿主中脂肪酶表面展示的概况及其作为高通量筛选和全细胞等方面的应用.     

细菌表面展示技术研究新进展

细菌表面展示是将靶标蛋白质表达于细菌表面以更好地实现其功能的一种技术,它在重组细菌疫苗、生物燃料电池、全细胞催化剂和生物修复等多个领域均有广泛的应用.随着相关技术的发展,表面展示系统的各种性能被不断地改良,同时新的表面展示系统也陆续被开发和应用,使该技术得到持续的丰富和发展.本文重点关注近年研究得较多的细菌表面展示系统,主要对各类细菌表面展示系统的开发、改造和修饰,以及该技术在生物修复和生物传感器方面的应用作一综述.     

酿酒酵母表面展示表达系统及应用

酵母细胞表面展示表达系统是一种固定化表达异源蛋白质的真核展示系统,即把异源靶蛋白基因序列与特定的载体基因序列融合后导入酵母细胞,利用酿酒酵母细胞内蛋白转运到膜表面的机制（GPI锚定）使靶蛋白定位于酵母细胞表面并进行表达。它利用细胞表面展示技术使外源蛋白固定化于细胞表面,从而生产微生物细胞表面蛋白,可应用于生物催化剂、细胞吸附剂、活疫苗、环境治理、蛋白质文库筛选、高亲和抗体、生物传感器、抗原／抗体库构建、免疫检测及亲和纯化、癌症诊断等领域。国内对这一方面研究较少,本文主要介绍了该技术的基本原理、研究现状、应用及其发展前景。     

噬菌体展示库筛选细胞特异分子的进展

介绍噬菌体展示技术的原理和发展,尤其是噬菌体展示技术在筛选细胞特异分子的策略方面的进展。该技术通过20年的发展已成为一种研究抗原一抗体作用、蛋白质相互作用、蛋白一药物相互作用甚至蛋白质一核酸作用的分析手段,但涉及到以完整细胞、器官或组织等复杂的生物活性分子表面为靶标则筛选效果尚不理想。关键是要减少噬菌体展示分子与靶标的非特异性结合,利用更为严格的经过改进的筛选策略。该技术的优势预示着它将广泛被应用于基础理论和研究实践中。     

细菌表面展示技术在有机磷农药降解中的应用

通过微生物代谢作用来生物降解有机磷农药被认为是安全有效的途径,而近年来发展的细胞表面展示技术,由于是将农药降解酶定位在细胞表面,具有提高反应效率、可再生和减少对细胞的毒害等多种优点,从而为有机磷农药的生物降解与转化提供了一种新的技术对策,已显示出广阔的应用前景。     

微生物细胞表面呈现技术研究进展

微生物细胞表面工程是近年来发展起来的,它利用细胞表面展示技术使外源蛋白固定化于细胞表面,从而生产微生物细胞表面蛋白。微生物细胞表面工程可用于细胞催化剂、细胞吸附剂、活疫苗、生物传感器的开发等。微生物细胞表面工程具有广阔的应用前景,但是国内对这一领域的研究刚起步。在介绍细胞表面工程的基础上,对微生物细胞表面工程技术进展进行了综述,展望了对该技术的发展。     

微生物细胞表面工程研究进展*

微生物细胞表面工程是近年来发展起来的,它利用细胞表面展示技术使外源蛋白固定化于细胞表面,从而生产微生物细胞表面蛋白。微生物细胞表面工程可用于细胞催化剂、细胞吸附剂、活疫苗、生物传感器的开发等。微生物细胞表面工程具有广阔的应用前景,但是国内对这一领域的研究尚刚起步。在介绍了细胞表面工程的基础上,对微生物细胞表面工程技术进展进行了综述,并对该技术的发展给予展望。     

Molecular design of the microbial cell surface toward the recovery of metal ions

The genetic engineering of microorganisms to adsorb metal ions is an attractive method to facilitate the environmental cleanup of metal pollution and to enrich the recovery of metal ions such as rare metal ions. For the recovery of metal ions by microorganisms, cell surface design is an effective strategy for the molecular breeding of bioadsorbents as an alternative to intracellular accumulation. The cell surface display of known metal-binding proteins/peptides and the molecular design of novel metal-binding proteins/peptides have been performed using a cell surface engineering approach. The adsorption of specific metal ions is the important challenge for the practical recovery of metal ions. In this paper, we discuss the recent progress in surface-engineered bioadsorbents for the recovery of metal ions.     

Versatile microbial surface-display for environmental remediation and biofuels production

Surface display is a powerful technique that uses natural microbial functional components to express proteins or peptides on the cell exterior. Since the reporting of the first surface-display system in the mid-1980s, a variety of new systems have been reported for yeast, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Non-conventional display methods are emerging, eliminating the generation of genetically modified microorganisms. Cells with surface display are used as biocatalysts, biosorbents and biostimulants. Microbial cell-surface display has proven to be extremely important for numerous applications, ranging from combinatorial library screening and protein engineering to bioremediation and biofuels production.     

冰晶核蛋白及其在细菌表面展示技术中的应用

冰晶核蛋白(ice nucleation protein,INP)是一种分泌型外膜蛋白,广泛分布于丁香假单胞菌,荧光假单胞菌和其他革兰氏阴性菌中。由于其在相对高温下(-2~-4℃)形成冰核的特性,INP最早应用于生物制冷领域。在细菌表面展示技术中,冰晶核蛋白作为运载蛋白得到广泛的应用。与其他的表面技术载体蛋白相比较,冰晶核蛋白具有稳定表达外源蛋白及展示分子量较大的外源蛋白的优点。INP细胞表面展示技术已被应用于全细胞生物催化剂、全细胞吸附剂和环境污染物降解剂等的开发,本文将简述INP表面展示技术的研究进展。     

辅助噬菌体在噬菌体展示中的应用及研究进展

噬菌体展示技术是一种将外源肽或蛋白质与特定噬菌体衣壳蛋白相融合,展示于噬菌体表面来构建蛋白质或多肽文库,并从中筛选目的蛋白、多肽或抗体的基因工程高新技术。噬菌粒/辅助噬菌体系统是最常用的噬菌体展示系统,此系统中辅助噬菌体对噬菌粒的复制和组装发挥着至关重要的作用。本文结合当今该领域的最新研究动态,概述了噬菌粒和辅助噬菌体双基因组系统,着重介绍了不同辅助噬菌体的特点及其突变机制,并对其应用前景进行了展望,以期为该技术的进一步完善提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Yeast cell-surface display—applications of molecular display

In a cell-surface engineering system established using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, novel, so-called arming yeasts are constructed that are armed with biocatalysts in the form of enzymes, functional proteins, antibodies, and combinatorial protein libraries. Among the many advantages of the system, in which proteins are genetically displayed on the cell surface, are easy reproduction of the displayed biocatalysts and easy separation of product from catalyst. As proteins and peptides of various kinds can be displayed on the yeast cell surface, the system is expected to allow the preparation of tailor-made functional proteins. With its ability to express many of the functional proteins necessary for post-translational modification and in a range of different sizes, the yeast-based molecular display system appears uniquely useful among the various display systems so far developed. Capable of conferring novel additional abilities upon living cells, cell-surface engineering heralds a new era of combinatorial bioengineering in the field of biotechnology. This mini-review describes molecular display using yeast and its various applications.     

Application of the arming system for the expression of the 380R antigen from red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) on the surface of yeast cells: a first step for the development of an oral vaccine

The cell surface is a functional interface between the inside and the outside of the cell. Moreover, cells have systems for anchoring surface specific proteins and for confining surface proteins to particular domains on the cell surface. For use in bioindustrial processes applied to oral vaccination, we consider that cell-surface display systems must be useful and that the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the most suitable microorganism for practical purposes, is available as a host for genetic engineering because it can be subjected to many genetic manipulations. In particular, the rigid structure of the cell makes the yeast suitable for several of the applications. In this study, we describe the expression of one of the target antigens, 380R, from the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV), which is one of the most common viral diseases in the cultured marine fish Pagrus major in Japan, using the arming yeast system and aiming at its application for oral vaccination. We first performed the molecular cloning and expression of the 380R antigen from RSIV in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the 380R antigen was composed of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1360 bp encoding a protein of 453 residues. To prepare a specific antibody against the 380R antigen, the recombinant protein was overexpressed and purified in E. coli. As a result of indirect immunofluorescence with the specific antibody, we could observe the expression of the 380R antigen on the surface of the yeast cells. Thus, we have successfully prepared the source of an oral vaccine using cell-surface display technology in yeast.     

Biotechnological applications of phage and cell display

In recent years, the use of surface-display vectors for displaying polypeptides on the surface of bacteriophage and bacteria, combined with in vitro selection technologies, has transformed the way in which we generate and manipulate ligands, such as enzymes, antibodies and peptides. Phage display is based on expressing recombinant proteins or peptides fused to a phage coat protein. Bacterial display is based on expressing recombinant proteins fused to sorting signals that direct their incorporation on the cell surface. In both systems, the genetic information encoding for the displayed molecule is physically linked to its product via the displaying particle. Using these two complementary technologies, we are now able to design repertoires of ligands from scratch and use the power of affinity selection to select those ligands having the desired (biological) properties from a large excess of irrelevant ones. With phage display, tailor-made proteins (fused peptides, antibodies, enzymes, DNA-binding proteins) may be synthesized and selected to acquire the desired catalytic properties or affinity of binding and specificity for in vitro and in vivo diagnosis, for immunotherapy of human disease or for biocatalysis. Bacterial surface display has found a range of applications in the expression of various antigenic determinants, heterologous enzymes, single-chain antibodies, and combinatorial peptide libraries. This review explains the basis of phage and bacterial surface display and discusses the contributions made by these two leading technologies to biotechnological applications. This review focuses mainly on three areas where phage and cell display have had the greatest impact, namely, antibody engineering, enzyme technology and vaccine development.