一种包含转座子Sleeping Beauty和PiggyBac的新型多功能载体的构建

DNA转座子作为一种遗传学工具对脊椎动物的转基因、突变体产生、癌基因发现和基因治疗方面都有巨大的贡献. 目前,哺乳动物中应用最为广泛、活性最高的DNA转座子为重构于鲑鱼的Sleeping Beauty (SB)转座子和来源于甘蓝蠖度尺蛾 (cabbage looper moth Trichoplusia ni)的PiggyBac (PB)转座子. 本研究中,我们成功构建了包含PB和SB两种转座子的杂合转座载体,命名为PBSBD. 在杂合转座载体中融入了基因捕获框及loxp/Frt元件,用以实现转座过程中的基因捕获和条件性敲除. 在HepG2细胞中通过检测报告基因的表达情况及阳性克隆的定位,对构建的杂合转座载体PBSBD进行了活性的初步验证. 结果表明,PBSBD能够有效被2种转座酶识别,并能检测到报告基因的表达. 本研究所构建的杂合转座载体PBSBD结合2种转座酶,可以应用于大规模筛选突变基因和研究基因功能. 并且该杂合转座载体还可以利用SB转座酶的邻近转座特性,结合载体内所包含的loxp/Frt元件用以邻近区域DNA片段的条件性敲除,研究大片段DNA在生物体中的作用.     

细菌荧光酶报告基因载体构建及在Hela细胞中的表达*

采用ＰＣＲ点突变技术,构建含有细菌荧光酶融合ｌｕｘＡＢ报告基因的重组哺乳动物载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３－ｌｕｘＡＢ,脂质体ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ转染和Ｇ４１８抗性筛选稳定转染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞。ＰＣＲ和酶切电泳证明构建的正确性;经稳定转染ｐｃＤＮＡ_３－ｌｕｘＡＢ的Ｈｅｌａ细胞,用发光仪可测得较强的发光强度（最大值为４．１２ｍＶ／４０μｇ细胞总蛋白粗提物）。而亲本及ｐｃＤＮＡ_３稳定转染的Ｈｅｌａ细胞则在本底值范围,ｐｃＤＮＡ_３<     

转座子标签法突变呋喃丹降解菌CFDS-1*

通过接合使供体大肠杆菌DH5α中的质粒pSC123上的转座子插入到受体菌CFDS1基因组DNA中,以引起该菌株的基因插入突变。利用转座子上的卡那霉素抗性基因和呋喃丹降解过程中红色物质的产生与否初步筛选出6株突变株,分别命名为CFDSM1～CFDSM6。紫外扫描和气谱检测结果进一步证明这些突变子确实失去了对呋喃丹的降解能力。根据转座子的序列设计引物,以6株突变株的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,并对PCR产物进行限制性酶切分析,结果表明这些突变子中呋喃丹降解基因的失活就是由于转座子的插入而导致的。     

脱卤脱亚硫酸菌脱氯呼吸链的遗传分析*

以携有结合转座子Ｔｎ９１６的Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ　ｆａｅｃａｌｉｓ　ＪＨ２－２为供体,脱卤脱亚硫酸菌ＨＳＳ１（Ｄｅｓｕｌｆｉｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ　ｄｅｈａｌｏｇｅｎａｎｓ,Ｓｍ抗性突变株）为受体,在厌氧条件下,通过滤膜杂交、结合转移,将Ｔｈ９１６转移并插入到受体菌的染色体上,其转移频率为：１．１×１０^－７～３×１０^－８。　在丙酮酸／乳酸－３－氯－４－羟基苯氧乙酸、Ｔｃ、Ｓｍ培养基上,筛选脱氯呼吸的缺陷型突变株,并用反向ＰＣＲ（Ｉ     

香豆素类化合物功能及生物合成研究进展*

香豆素类化合物是自然界中一类重要的化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗菌、杀虫等多种生物活性,应用领域广泛。目前大多数香豆素类化合物从植物中提取,受环境因素影响较大,得率低、成本高,不利于大规模生产,从而限制了其应用和推广。利用合成生物学的思路合成香豆素类化合物具有无污染、原料易得、成本低、过程可控等优势。对香豆素类化合物生物合成途径的研究,尤其是靶标天然产物生物合成表达元件、宿主和发酵条件的优化,以及合成途径中关键酶的挖掘,已经成为研究热点。综述香豆素类化合物及其衍生物的结构、功能和生物合成研究进展,为其生物合成路径中的基因挖掘及异源表达提供参考。     

利用Tn5型转座突变系统筛选高产阿维菌素菌株*

目的: 转座突变技术是发现新功能基因和获得高产天然产物菌株的一种有效策略。通过理性设计和构建Tn5型转座突变系统,并将其应用于阿维链霉菌,筛选高产阿维菌素的工程菌株。方法: 在转座突变载体pUCTN转座插入片段的上游和下游分别引入链霉菌常用的强启动子kasOp*和P21,强化插入位置上游和下游基因的转录表达;在插入片段两端分别添加双向转录终止子T1和T2,有效终止插入序列两端靶基因的转录,引入强启动子和终止子的目的在于增强对转座突变株生理代谢活动的扰动。结果: 通过优化供体菌和受体菌的比例,转座效率显著提高。随机选择500株转座突变株进行发酵和阿维菌素产量测试,筛选到3株突变株的阿维菌素产量明显高于出发菌株产量的50%以上。结论: Tn5转座突变系统为研究阿维链霉菌的基因功能和生理代谢提供了有效的分子遗传工具。     

益生菌——新型免疫调节剂*

介绍益生菌与宿主消化道免疫系统的关系,益生菌免疫调节作用机理的研究进展,以及益生菌作为免疫调节剂的应用前景。     

伪狂犬病新型疫苗研究进展*

伪狂犬病是多种家畜和野生动物的一种重要传染病 ,给世界畜牧业特别是养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。疫苗免疫是预防控制该病的主要手段。综述了伪狂犬病亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗、重组疫苗、基因缺失疫苗等新型疫苗的研究进展。     

miR-138生物学功能研究进展*

microRNAs(miRNAs)是真核生物体内高度保守的非编码小分子RNA,具有多种生物学功能,参与疾病发生和发展、细胞增殖和分化等多种病理及生理过程的调控。miR-138作为一种肿瘤抑制因子已在肿瘤发生与治疗中被广泛研究和应用,同时在心血管及神经系统疾病、成骨分化、脂肪生成及卵巢功能维持等生命过程中具有调控作用。在总结分析miR-138相关功能最新研究进展的基础上,对miR-138的潜在研究方向进行了分析、讨论和展望,旨在为进一步深入探明miR-138的生物学功能提供参考和理论依据。     

植酸酶酵母工程菌的构建*

从无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)3．4322中用RT-PCR方法扩增出一条约1．4kb的特异性条带,DNA序列测定表明,目的片段为不含信号肽的植酸酶编码序列,全长1347bp。无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)3．4322phyA基因序列已在GenBank注册(注册号为：AF537344)。将该基因克隆到酵母表达载体pYES2中,构建成不带信号肽phyA基因的重组表达载体pYPA2。用醋酸锂法将pYPA2转进urd缺陷型的酿酒酵母(s．oeraisiae INVSc1),筛选获得含植酸酶基因的酵母转化子。经半乳糖诱导表达后,用磷钼蓝显色(AMES)法对酵母菌体进行酶活测定,测出了明显的植酸酶活性,pYPA2胞内植酸酶活性约11．55IU／mL,表明无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)3．4322phyA基因能在酿酒酵母中表达。     

PiggyBac转座酶转基因小鼠模型的建立

目的 建立表达PiggyBac转座酶转基因小鼠模型,为研究PiggyBac转座子介导基因修饰在小鼠中的应用提供工具.方法 利用Cytomegalovirus( CMV)启动子驱动PiggyBac转座酶基因的表达,经显微注射法建立C57BL/6J表达PiggyBac转座酶的转基因小鼠.PCR鉴定转基因小鼠的基因型,RT-PCR检测PiggyBac转座酶在小鼠生殖系睾丸中的表达情况.PiggyBac转座酶转基因小鼠活性的检测,是通过与转座子供体转基因小鼠杂交检测供体位置变化来确定的.结果 显微注射产生7只转基因小鼠并能传代,经RT-PCR筛选出一株在睾丸中相对高表达PiggyBac转座酶的转基因小鼠.随后与转座子供体转基因小鼠杂交,子代双阳小鼠与野生型小鼠杂交基因型分离,产生的子代转座子供体单阳性小鼠中具有转座子供体片段的转座反应.结论 成功建立了表达PiggyBac转座酶转基因小鼠动物模型,该模型为PiggyBac转座子技术在小鼠中的应用提供了有价值的工具动物.     

Chromosomal mobilization and reintegration of Sleeping Beauty and PiggyBac transposons

The Sleeping Beauty and PiggyBac DNA transposon systems have recently been developed as tools for insertional mutagenesis. We have compared the chromosomal mobilization efficiency and insertion site preference of the two transposons mobilized from the same donor site in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells under conditions in which there were no selective constraints on the transposons' insertion sites. Compared with Sleeping Beauty, PiggyBac exhibits higher transposition efficiencies, no evidence for local hopping and a significant bias toward reintegration in intragenic regions, which demonstrate its utility for insertional mutagenesis. Although Sleeping Beauty had no detectable genomic bias with respect to insertions in genes or intergenic regions, both Sleeping Beauty and PiggyBac transposons displayed preferential integration into actively transcribed loci. genesis 47:404–408, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Transposon mediated BAC transgenesis via pronuclear injection of mouse zygotes

Pronuclear microinjection of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) is the preferred way to generate transgenic mice because the transgene accurately recapitulates expression of the endogenous gene. However, the method is demanding and the integrity and copy number of the BAC transgene is difficult to control. Here, we describe a simpler pronuclear injection method that relies on transposition to introduce full‐length BACs into the mouse genome. The bacterial backbone of a hPAX6‐GFP reporter BAC was retrofitted with PiggyBac transposon inverted terminal repeats and co‐injected with PiggyBac transposase mRNA. Both the frequency of transgenic founders as well as intact, full‐length, single copy integrations were increased. Transposition was determined by a rapid PCR screen for a transpositional signature and confirmation by splinkerette sequencing to show that theBACs were integrated as a single copy either in one or two different genomic sites. BAC transposons displayed improved functional accuracy over random integrants as evaluated by expression of the hPAX6‐GFP reporter in embryonic neural tube and absence of ectopic expression. This method involves less work to achieve increased frequencies of both transgenesis and single copy, full‐length integrations. These advantages are not only relevant to rodents but also for transgenesis in all systems. genesis 51:135–141, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A Novel Gene Controls a New Structure: PiggyBac Transposable Element-Derived 1, Unique to Mammals,Controls Mammal-Specific Neuronal Paraspeckles

Although new genes can arrive from modes other than duplication, few examples are well characterized. Given high expression in some human brain subregions and a putative link to psychological disorders [e.g., schizophrenia (SCZ)], suggestive of brain functionality, here we characterize piggyBac transposable element-derived 1 (PGBD1). PGBD1 is nonmonotreme mammal-specific and under purifying selection, consistent with functionality. The gene body of human PGBD1 retains much of the original DNA transposon but has additionally captured SCAN and KRAB domains. Despite gene body retention, PGBD1 has lost transposition abilities, thus transposase functionality is absent. PGBD1 no longer recognizes piggyBac transposon-like inverted repeats, nonetheless PGBD1 has DNA binding activity. Genome scale analysis identifies enrichment of binding sites in and around genes involved in neuronal development, with association with both histone activating and repressing marks. We focus on one of the repressed genes, the long noncoding RNA NEAT1, also dysregulated in SCZ, the core structural RNA of paraspeckles. DNA binding assays confirm specific binding of PGBD1 both in the NEAT1 promoter and in the gene body. Depletion of PGBD1 in neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) results in increased NEAT1/paraspeckles and differentiation. We conclude that PGBD1 has evolved core regulatory functionality for the maintenance of NPCs. As paraspeckles are a mammal-specific structure, the results presented here show a rare example of the evolution of a novel gene coupled to the evolution of a contemporaneous new structure.     

The PiggyBac transposon enhances the frequency of CHO stable cell line generation and yields recombinant lines with superior productivity and stability

Generating stable, high-producing mammalian cell lines is a major bottleneck in the manufacture of recombinant therapeutic proteins. Conventional gene transfer methods for cell line generation rely on random plasmid integration, resulting in unpredictable and highly variable levels of transgene expression. As a consequence, a large number of stably transfected cells must be analyzed to recover a few high-producing clones. Here we present an alternative gene transfer method for cell line generation based on transgene integration mediated by the piggyBac (PB) transposon. Recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines expressing a tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein were generated either by PB transposition or by conventional transfection. Polyclonal populations and isolated clonal cell lines were characterized for the level and stability of transgene expression for up to 3 months in serum-free suspension culture. Pools of transposed cells produced up to fourfold more recombinant protein than did the pools generated by standard transfection. For clonal cell lines, the frequency of high-producers was greater following transposition as compared to standard transfection, and these clones had a higher volumetric productivity and a greater number of integrated transgenes than did those generated by standard transfection. In general, the volumetric productivity of the cell pools and individual cell lines generated by transposition was stable for up to 3 months in the absence of selection. Our results indicate that the PB transposon supports the generation of cell lines with high and stable transgene expression at an elevated frequency relative to conventional transfection. Thus, PB-mediated gene delivery is expected to reduce the extent of recombinant cell line screening.     

植物转座子及其在番茄功能基因组的应用

转座子作为插入突变原或分子标签被广泛应用于基因的分离和克隆,已成为发现新基因和基因功能分析的有效工具。该文综述了植物转座子及其在基因分离中的研究进展,并讨论其在番茄功能基因遗传资源、功能基因组分离等研究中的应用。     

玉米Ac双因子转座标签系统的构建及其转化烟草后代的遗传分析

用使质粒pKU3所携带的玉米Ac因子的5'末端和中间编码转座酶的基因片段分别发生缺失的方法构建成质粒pKU3（△B）和pKU3（△H）。质粒所携带缺失的Ac因子单独存在时都无自主转座能力,但当Ac（△H）和Ac（△B）共存于一个细胞时,由于Ac（△B）产生转座酶的互补作用促使Ac（△H）恢复转座能力,而当Ac（△B）和Ac（△H）因子被分离后即获得Ac（△H）因子的稳定插入突变株,它可克服因突变不稳定而给用转座因子标签法分离基因所造成的困难。将双因子系统导入烟草原生质体并获得再生植株,从而选得卡那霉素抗性植株,显示Ac（△H）因子已经从原质粒上的NPTⅡ前导顺序中切离。Sortharnblot和PCR分析表明：Ac（△H）和Ac（△B）因子已经整合在转化烟草的基因组并能遗传至F1和F2代植株中;有些植株后代中已检测不到Ac（△B）因子的存在,说明它们的Ac（△B）因子已与Ac（△H）因子相分离;各转化植株中Ac（△H）因子在基因组中的插入拷贝数从一个到几个不等;初步显示Ac（△H）因子多数插入或转座在基因组的结构基因中。     

植物转座子及其在功能基因组学中的应用

转座子作为插入突变原或分子标签被广泛应用于基因的分离和克隆,且因其 独特的性质已成为发现新基因和基因功能分析的有效工具。本文综述了植物转座子及其作为基因分离和克隆工具的研究进展,并讨论其在植物基因功能研究方面的应用。 Abstract:Transposons have been widely used for gene isolation and gene cloning as insertional mutagens or molecular tagging.Furthermore,due to special characteristics of transposons,transposons techniques will be a powerful tool for new gene discovery and gene functional analysis.This paper reviewed the developments of plant transposons in gene isolating and cloning,as well as its use in studying gene function in plant.     

Construction of a Slime Negative Transposon Mutant in Staphylococcus epidermidis Using the Enterococcus faecalis Transposon Tn917

The slime-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis strain sensu strictu CNS23 was transformed by protoplast transformation with the plasmid pTV1 which carries transposon Tn917. Using this transposon mutagenesis system we obtained the Tn917-inserted mutant CT512, which has lost the ability to produce slime. A single insertion of the trasposon Tn917 into the chromosome of CT512 could be detected by Southern hybridization. This mutant showed a significantly higher stability concerning its slime-negative phenotype compared with spontaneous slime-negative mutants of S. epidermidis strain CNS23. In slime-ELISA no slime-associated antigen could be detected in extracts of the transposon mutant. Compared to slime-positive S. epidermidis strains, CT512 lacked in accumulative growth in microtiter tube test.