冬虫夏草的抗衰活性

以冬虫夏草提取物为研究对象,通过自由基清除试验及弹性蛋白酶活性抑制试验来考察冬虫夏草在生化水平上的抗衰活性,以人永生化表皮细胞(HaCaT)三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和透明质酸(HA)的合成试验来考察冬虫夏草在细胞水平上的抗衰活性。结果表明,冬虫夏草能有效清除DPPH和羟自由基,抑制弹性蛋白酶活力,促进人永生化表皮细胞表达透明质酸和三磷酸腺苷,说明冬虫夏草具有一定的抗衰活性。     

冬虫夏草繁育品和野生品虫草酸含量比较

为了建立冬虫夏草中虫草酸含量的检测方法,比较冬虫夏草繁育品和野生冬虫夏草中的虫草酸含量,文中采用超声水提法研究了料液比和提取时间对虫草酸含量的影响,筛选出料液比为1∶50、提取时间为5 min时可高效提取冬虫夏草样品中的虫草酸。检测方法经方法学考察,专属性、重复性、准确度、稳定性均符合要求;21批冬虫夏草繁育品样本中的虫草酸含量为9.04%~14.14%;21批野生冬虫夏草虫草酸含量为6.16%~13.94%。通过t检验统计分析显示,冬虫夏草繁育品和野生冬虫夏草的虫草酸含量差异不显著,具有良好一致性。     

茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

采用高效液相色谱法对三个产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量进行了测定,该方法具有操作简便、样品无需预处理等特点,稳定性、重现性较好,回收率高,适合于茶叶多糖糖醛酸含量的测定。结果表明不同产地茶叶多糖的糖醛酸含量有明显差异。本文同时研究了不同产地茶叶多糖对超氧自由基和DPPH自由基的清除作用,以评价其抗氧化活性。结果发现不同产地茶叶多糖的抗氧化活性与其糖醛酸含量呈正相关,糖醛酸含量越高,其抗氧化能力越强。     

冬虫夏草不同生长阶段甾醇类含量分析

冬虫夏草是一味传统名贵中药材,甾醇类成分是其重要的活性成分之一。为了探讨冬虫夏草不同生长阶段甾醇类成分的变化,本研究采用高效液相-蒸发光散射检测器技术对冬虫夏草5个不同阶段样品（冬虫夏草发酵菌丝体、僵虫、1cm子座冬虫夏草,4-6cm子座冬虫夏草,孢子弹射冬虫夏草）和对照样品（蝙蝠蛾幼虫）中麦角甾醇、胆甾醇和谷甾醇的含量进行了分析。结果显示4-6cm子座冬虫夏草样品总甾醇含量较高,该结果为冬虫夏草采收期的选择提供了参考。     

冬虫夏草与产地植物及土壤的重金属含量测定

本文测定了野生采集和人工培育冬虫夏草、人工培育冬虫夏草子实体、冬虫夏草发酵菌液、冬虫夏草寄主蝙蝠蛾昆虫食物(蕨麻Potentilla anserine和珠芽蓼Polygonum viviparum),以及野生冬虫夏草产地土壤中5种重金属元素(铜Cu、铅Pb、砷As、镉Cd、汞Hg)的含量。结果表明,人工培育冬虫夏草、人工培育冬虫夏草子实体、冬虫夏草发酵菌液、蕨麻块根、珠芽蓼种子的5种重金属元素含量符合《中医药-中药材重金属限量》ISO国际标准;而野生冬虫夏草,除砷含量(6.170 mg/kg)超标外,铜、铅、镉、汞元素含量均符合要求。按国家标准《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 1516-2018),四川产地土壤(KDX)与青海产地土壤(GD、HN)的5种重金属含量均低于农用土壤污染风险筛选值;而四川产地土壤(KDT),除镉含量(0.923 mg/kg)高于风险筛选值而低于风险管制值外,其余4种元素含量均低于风险筛选值。结果为人工培育冬虫夏草的质量控制提供了参考。     

不同产地野生猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量分析

目的:比较不同产地猪苓菌核及子实体中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量,为分离优质菌株提供科学依据。方法:采用紫外-可见分光光度法及高效液相色谱法测定不同产地猪苓中猪苓多糖及麦角甾醇的含量。结果:不同产地和来源的猪苓中猪苓多糖与麦角甾醇的含量存在一定差异,其中子实体中两者的含量远高于菌核中的含量,盂县产猪苓子实体多糖含量最高,为60.694 6 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的28.2倍,沁源麦角甾醇含量最高,为4.187 0 mg·g-1,是菌核含量的2.1倍;菌核中猪苓多糖的含量范围2.151 7 mg·g-1~8.887 2 mg·g-1,陕西留坝最高,麦角甾醇的含量范围0.825 9 mg·g-1~2.023 2 mg·g-1,山西沁源最高。结论:产地、部位不同,有效成分含量不同,实验结果可为猪苓药材质量控制及优种选育研究奠定基础。     

四种子囊菌甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性研究

比较了冬虫夏草Cordyceps sinensis、古尼虫草Cordyceps gunnii、蛹虫草Cordyceps militaris、黑柄炭角菌Xylaria nigripes等四种子囊菌提取物的抗氧化活性,对它们的子实体(F)和菌丝体(M)甲醇提取物清除DPPH自由基能力、还原力、金属离子鳌合能力和总酚含量进行了测定,结果显示四种子囊菌子实体的自由基清除能力、还原力和总酚含量均高于其菌丝体(P0.05),但四种子囊菌子实体的DPPH清除能力不存在显著差异(P0.05);古尼虫草和蛹虫草子实体的还原力和总酚含量显著高于冬虫夏草和黑柄炭角菌子实体(P0.05),但前两者之间不存在显著差异(P0.05)。总酚含量和DPPH自由基清除能力、还原力呈正相关。     

余甘子活性成分含量与抗氧化性研究

研究了不同产地余甘子的总多酚、黄酮和多糖含量,同时测定了各产地余甘子提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,广东野生品种鲜果的总多酚含量、总黄酮含量和水溶性多糖含量最高,它们在每克干果中的含量分别为(204.15±6.85)mg没食子酸当量、(81.11±8.67)mg芦丁当量和(19.78±1.22)mg葡萄糖当量。广东野生品种提取物的抗氧化活性较高,其还原力为1.344±0.14,羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除力分别为91.50%±3.53%,92.31%±1.30%。广东栽培种提取物的DPPH自由基清除力最高,达到92.09%±1.52%。     

虫草的研究——Ⅰ.生境考察和形态描述

虫草(Cordyces sinensis),又名冬虫夏草和夏草冬虫等。具有益肺肾、补精髓,止血化痰的功效,是滋补强壮剂。近来报道对细胞分裂有抑制作用,是具强心作用和抗癌苗头的药物,为我国名贵药材之一,多产于西藏、四川、青海、云南的高原地区。为探索虫草的人工栽培及用     

中国被毛孢发酵液的活性成分分析及清除自由基和抗白色假丝酵母活性的研究

测定处于不同生长期的中国被毛孢Hirsutella sinensis菌株RCEF0273胞外多糖含量、发酵液中5种核苷代谢量和氨基酸含量,并对其菌株次生代谢产物清除自由基活性和抑菌效果进行了测定分析,发现:中国被毛孢胞外多糖含量最高可达到1.9480g/L,发酵液中尿苷、鸟苷、肌苷、胸腺嘧啶核苷和腺苷5种核苷含量最高分别为10.4132mg/g、12.1929mg/g、2.2698mg/g、1.1000mg/g和1.8181mg/g,其菌株发酵液冻干粉中氨基酸总量为3.2560mg/g,活性测定结果显示中国被毛孢发酵液的正丁醇相有很强的清除自由基活性和抑菌活性。在10mg/mL的测试浓度下,37℃孵育15min后其自由基清除率可达93.25%,在2mg/mL的测试浓度下,其抗白色假丝酵母Candida albicans的抑菌圈直径达到21.42mm。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism