IL-1018-57-PE40高效表达、纯化及细胞活性之研究

以IL-10的功能短肽(40肽,即IL-10第18号至57号氨基酸)为导向部分与PE40(绿脓杆菌外毒素除去受体结合区后的剩余部分)融合分别构建了IL-101857PE40的胞质和胞周质表达质粒,其中,IL101857PE40在Rosettablue(DE3)中以高效胞质可溶形式表达,在BL21(DE3)pLysS中以胞周质分泌形式表达;表达宿主菌Rosettablue(DE3)超声波破碎后,依次通过硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析、铜离子亲和层析、阴离子交换层析纯化后,得96%重组毒素纯品;细胞活性实验、细胞ELISA和荧光标记实验表明,构建的IL101857PE40符合免疫毒素的作用机理。因此,该实验为PE免疫毒素的规模制备和纯化做了一定的有益的探索。     

黑龙江立克次体重组外膜蛋白B激活树突状细胞诱导C3H/HeN小鼠特异性免疫应答

专性胞内寄生的黑龙江立克次体是远东斑点热的病原体,外膜蛋白B(OmpB)是其最主要的表面蛋白抗原.本研究将黑龙江立克次体ompB基因分成4段插入原核表达载体,制备出4个重组OmpB抗原(OmpB-P1,OmpB-P2,OmpB-P3和OmpB-P4).将4个重组OmpB抗原分别刺激体外培养的C3H/HeN小鼠树突状细胞,再将这些抗原激活树突状细胞分别腹腔接种正常C3H/HeN小鼠.接种第14天用黑龙江立克次体攻击小鼠,7天后活杀小鼠并用实时定量PCR检测小鼠主要脏器的立克次体的载量.结果显示,OmpB-P2,OmpB-P3或OmpB-P4激活树突状细胞受体小鼠的立克次体载量显著低于OmpB-P1激活树突状细胞受体小鼠.将不同抗原激活小鼠树突状细胞分别与同源抗原激活小鼠树突状细胞受体小鼠的CD4+和CD8+T细胞体外共培养.用流式细胞仪分析共培养后CD4+和CD8+T细胞的表面分子和细胞因子表达,结果显示,OmpB-P2,OmpB-P3或OmpB-P4抗原激活树突状细胞共培养的CD4+或CD8+T细胞的CD69表达水平高于OmpB-P1激活树突状细胞共培养的T细胞.此外,OmpB-P2,OmpB-P3或OmpB-P4激活树突状细胞共培养的CD4+或CD8+T细胞的TNF-?和IFN-?水平均显著高于OmpB-P1激活树突状细胞共培养的T细胞.本研究结果表明,OmpB-P2,OmpB-P3或OmpB-P4为保护性抗原,其激活的树突状细胞可以有效地诱导T淋巴细胞活化,使CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞分别向Th1细胞和Tc1细胞分化,产生高水平TNF-?和IFN-?共同对抗立克次体感染.     

TAT细胞穿透肽融合小鼠SurvivinT34A重组蛋白的原核表达纯化及其细胞转导效能研究

为研究细胞穿透肽TAT融合小鼠存活素T34A(survivinT34A)重组蛋白(TAT-msvT34A)转导细胞的效能,该实验将表达TAT-msvT34A的原核表达载体pTAT-msvT34A转化大肠杆菌表达株E.coli BL21(DE3),异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导,表达的融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。通过亲和层析、离子交换柱层析、分子筛等步骤纯化,得到TAT-msvT34A融合蛋白的纯度可达98%。纯化的融合蛋白用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)标记(FITC-TAT-msvT34A)后,分别转导HepG2、TC-1、B16及HEK293细胞株,流式细胞仪检测显示,较低浓度的重组蛋白即对HepG2、TC-1、B16及HEK293等细胞株具有较高的转导效能,在100 nmol/L时的转导效率均可达到60%以上,作为对照,FITC标记的牛血清白蛋白(FITC-BSA)在100 nmol/L时对上述细胞株的转导效率极低,结果具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。荧光显微镜观察可见,50 nmol/L和100 nmol/L的TAT-msvT34A融合蛋白对HepG2细胞的转导效率均可达50%,而对照FITC-BS...     

核衣壳蛋白VP39融合TAT转导肽对杆状病毒转导哺乳动物细胞的影响

为了提高昆虫杆状病毒在哺乳动物细胞中转导基因的效率,构建了重组杆状病毒AcRed-tat和AcRed。两者都能在哺乳动物细胞内表达红色荧光蛋白作为报告基因。同时,AcRed-tat带有HIV-1Tat转导肽、病毒主要衣壳蛋白基因vp39及增强型绿色荧光蛋白(egfp)三者的融合基因,并由杆状病毒多角体启动子表达,能够在昆虫细胞中表达该Tat融合蛋白,并掺入子代病毒粒子。而AcRed作为相应的对照病毒,带有多角体启动子表达vp39和egfp的融合基因。2株病毒分别转导哺乳动物细胞后,利用流式细胞仪检测报告基因的表达水平,发现在CHO和Vero细胞中AcRed-Tat介导的报告基因表达水平明显高于AcRed,而在HEK293细胞中2株病毒介导的报告基因表达水平差异不显著。结果表明Tat转导肽可以提高杆状病毒对一部分哺乳动物细胞的转导效率,为改进杆状病毒-哺乳动物细胞转导载体提供了新的思路。     

多表位肽抗原诱导特异性CTL抗慢性髓性白血病细胞的体外实验研究

目的：在应用基因工程技术人工表达获得多表位BCR-ABL融合蛋白的基础上,对该融合抗原在体外诱导对自血病细胞的特异性杀伤效应进行检测,探索慢性髓性自血病（CML）免疫治疗的新途径。方法：从外周血单个核细胞培养树突细胞（DC）,以BCR-ABL融合抗原脉冲刺激DC,诱导特异性细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTL）产生;MTT法检测CTL对白血病靶细胞的特异性杀伤活性。结果：以BCR-ABL融合抗原刺激产生的CTL能特异性抑制b3a2＋的靶细胞生长,包括K562细胞（P〈0．01）和HIJA-A2＋／b3a2＋的CML原代细胞（P〈0．05）,而对HIA-A2-或b2a2＋靶细胞无明显抑制作用。结论：设计表达的多表位BCR-ABL融合抗原能在体外诱导特异性抗CML免疫反应,抑制b3a2＋自血病细胞生长,有望为进一步的体内实验奠定基础。     

体外培养的小鼠抗原负载树突状细胞的形态学特征

目的:研究体外培养的小鼠抗原负载树突状细胞(dentritic cells,DCs)的形态学特征,为肿瘤的生物学治疗提供形态学基础.方法:分离和培养DC,制备B16黑色素瘤细胞抗原,进行共培养,即为抗原负栽的DC.建立B16黑色素瘸小鼠模型,于瘤周围皮下注射抗原负载的DC.应用光镜、免疫组化方法和透射电镜观察抗原负载DC的形态学特征.结果:培养的抗原负载DC与DC比较,体积较大,表面突起较粗大且弯曲.免疫组化染色显示抗原负载树突状细胞主要分布于肿瘤周围皮肤的乳头层、网织层和肿瘤周围,于局域淋巴结的被膜下窦和副皮质区有散在分布.电镜下抗原负载DC细胞体积较大,核有切迹,细胞表面的突起,与肿瘤细胞和淋巴细胞接触密切.结论:抗原负载DC表现出比一般树突状细胞功能更加活跃的形态特征,冻融法全细胞来源的肿瘤抗原负载DC可以获得理想的DC疫苗.     

人FasL基因转染成熟树突状细胞对T淋巴细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

探讨转染人FasL基因的成熟树突状细胞(DC)对异体T淋巴细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,为实现临床器官移植免疫耐受提供初步实验依据.从健康成年人外周静脉血中获得成熟树突状细胞.将人FasL基因成功转染成熟树突状细胞,检测其表面分子的表达和自身凋亡情况,并对其抗原递呈功能进行分析.从异体健康成人外周血中获取T淋巴细胞,将转染成功的树突状细胞与T淋巴细胞混合培养,检测其对T淋巴细胞增殖和凋亡的影响.结果表明:人FasL基因转染没有明显影响成熟树突状细胞表面分子CD40、CD80、CD86和HLA-DR的表达;没有诱导树突状细胞自身发生凋亡;没有影响DC的抗原递呈功能.转染FasL基因后的树突状细胞使异体T淋巴细胞刺激指数明显下降,凋亡增加.因此认为,人FasL基因转染对成熟树突状细胞的表面分子表达、自身凋亡、抗原递呈等生物学性状无影响;转染FasL基因的树突状细胞使异体T淋巴细胞的增殖能力减弱,并能明显诱导T淋巴细胞凋亡.     

hhlim基因表达产物的亚细胞定位及其在细胞肥大中的意义

hhlim是从胎儿心脏中新近分离和克隆得到的与心脏发生相关的基因,其表达产物作为转录因子参与多种基因的转录调控和细胞的发育与分化过程.用细胞转染方法将外源性hhlim基因导入处于分化过程中的小鼠成肌细胞C2C12,发现该基因强制性表达可使C2C12细胞体积明显增大.RT-PCR和蛋白质印迹结果表明,hhlim促细胞肥大与诱导α-肌动蛋白(α-actin)过表达及重新启动胚胎基因BNP表达有关.用绿色荧光蛋白-hhlim融合蛋白表达载体转染处于分化过程的C2C12细胞,发现转染不同时间,表达产物的亚细胞定位发生动态变化,表现为先在胞核和胞质中均有分布,而后定位于胞质的变化规律.应用免疫共沉淀证实,hhlim在胞质中以与α-actin 相互缔合的方式存在.     

IL-1018-57-PE40高效表达、纯化及细胞活性之研究

以IL-10的功能短肽（40肽,即IL-10第18号至57号氨基酸）为导向部分与PE40（绿脓杆菌外毒素除去受体结合区后的剩余部分）融合分别构建了IL-10_18-57-PE40的胞质和胞周质表达质粒,其中,IL-10_18-57-PE40在Rosettablue(DE3)中以高效胞质可溶形式表达,在BL21（DE3）pLysS中以胞周质分泌形式表达;表达宿主菌Rosettablue(DE3)超声波破碎后,依次通过硫酸铵盐析、疏水层析、铜离子亲和层析、阴离子交换层析纯化后,得96%重组毒素纯品;细胞活性实验、细胞ELISA和荧光标记实验表明,构建的IL-10_18-57-PE40符合免疫毒素的作用机理。因此,该实验为PE免疫毒素的规模制备和纯化做了一定的有益的探索。     

烟曲霉抗原Asp f16HLA-A*0201限制性的CD8+CTL抗原表位生物信息学预测与实验室鉴定

目的 预测与鉴定烟曲霉抗原Asp f16的HLA-A *0201限制性CD8+细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)抗原表位.方法 以国人常见的HLA-A*0201位点为靶点,依据生物信息学软件扫描烟曲霉特异性抗原Asp f16的全部427个氨基酸序列.使用HLA-A *0201转基因小鼠制备骨髓来源的树突状细胞(DC)和CTL.流式细胞仪技术检测DC表面MHC Ⅱ类抗原,CD80,CD86和CD11c的表达来验证其是否成熟.ELISPOT试验检测烟曲霉抗原多肽特异性CTL产生的细胞因子IFN-γ.四聚体(Tetramer)试验证实烟曲霉特异性CTL与抗原肽,HLA-A*0201分子复合体的亲和性.结果 根据与MHC I类分子结合的半衰期评分,选择了3个HLA-A*0201限制性抗原表位.流式细胞仪分析示成熟DC高表达HLA Ⅱ类抗原,CD80,CD86和CD11c.Tetramer试验证实烟曲霉特异性T细胞受体与抗原肽,HLA-A*0201分子复合体的高亲和性.ELISPOT实验结果 表明烟曲霉抗原肽体外可以活化CD8+CTL,被负载了抗原肽的DC刺激活化后可以产生IFN-γ.结论 本研究成功鉴定烟曲霉抗原Asp f16的HLA-A*0201限制性CD8+CTL表位,可作为疫苗设计的候选表位,为进一步研发新型抗烟曲霉疫苗提供参考.     

Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against CML28-bearing tumors by dendritic cells transduced with a recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding the CML28 gene

Induction of anti-tumor immune responses by dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with a recombinant adeno-associated virus type 2 (rAAV2) encoding tumor antigens is considered a promising approach for cancer vaccine development. CML28, a novel antigen with the properties of cancer/testis (CT) antigens, is an attractive target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. Here we investigated the feasibility of inducing CML28-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses using DCs transduced with the rAAV2 vectors containing the CML28 gene (rAAV/CML28). Using an adenovirus-free packaging system, rAAV/CML28 was generated. The transduction efficiency of rAAV/CML28 in DCs increased in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-dependent manner. The rAAV/CML28 transduction did not impair DC maturation, but even enhanced the CD80 expression. The rAAV/CML28-transduced DCs induced CML28-specific CTLs which exhibited a MHC class I-mediated antigen-specific lytic activity against CML28-bearing tumor cell lines (HepG2 and MCF-7) as well as the primary leukemia blasts. These findings suggest that rAAV/CML28-transduced DCs vaccine may serve as a feasible approach for the treatment of CML28-associated cancers.     

The abl/bcr gene product as a novel leukemia-specific antigen: peptides spanning the fusion region of abl/bcr can be recognized by both CD4<Superscript>+</Superscript> and CD8<Superscript>+</Superscript> T lymphocytes

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is characterized by a reciprocal translocation leading to the Philadelphia chromosome. Two fusion genes are created by this translocation: bcr/abl and abl/bcr. The fusion regions of both translocation products are unique and strictly limited to leukemia cells, giving rise to potential tumor-specific antigens. Although several studies on the immunogenicity of peptides spanning the bcr/abl fusion region have been reported, little is known about the corresponding reciprocal translocation product abl/bcr. Here we report that synthetic peptides representing the fusion region of the abl/bcr forms a1bb3 and a1bb4 can be specifically recognized by HLA-A2-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy donors. Furthermore, HLA-matched a1bb3-expressing CML cells can be recognized by a1bb3-specific HLA-A2-restricted T cells, indicating natural processing and presentation of abl/bcr protein by leukemia cells. Moreover, a 19-mer peptide encompassing this class I-binding sequence also elicited a1bb3-specific class II-restricted T-cell responses. Thus, both class I- and class II-restricted T-cell responses can be stimulated in healthy donors by abl/bcr peptides in vitro. Because abl/bcr is expressed in the majority of CML patients, it may represent a highly leukemia-specific antigen with potential use in immunotherapy.     

Imatinib mesylate and nilotinib affect MHC-class I presentation by modulating the proteasomal processing of antigenic peptides

Imatinib (IM) has been described to modulate the function of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes and to affect the expression of antigen in CML cells. In our study, we investigated the effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors IM and nilotinib (NI) on antigen presentation and processing by analyzing the proteasomal activity in CML cell lines and patient samples. We used a biotinylated active site-directed probe, which covalently binds to the proteasomally active beta-subunits in an activity-dependent fashion. Additionally, we analyzed the cleavage and processing of HLA-A3/11- and HLA-B8-binding peptides derived from BCR-ABL by IM- or NI-treated isolated 20S immunoproteasomes using mass spectrometry. We found that IM treatment leads to a reduction in MHC-class I expression which is in line with the inhibition of proteasomal activity. This process is independent of BCR-ABL or apoptosis induction. In vitro digestion experiments using purified proteasomes showed that generation of epitope-precursor peptides was significantly altered in the presence of NI and IM. Treatment of the immunoproteasome with these compounds resulted in an almost complete reduction in the generation of long precursor peptides for the HLA-A3/A11 and ?B8 epitopes while processing of the short peptide sequences increased. Treatment of isolated 20S proteasomes with serine-/threonine- and tyrosine-specific phosphatases induced a significant downregulation of the proteasomal activity further indicating that phosphorylation of the proteasome regulates its function and antigen processing. Our results demonstrate that IM and NI can affect the immunogenicity of malignant cells by modulating proteasomal degradation and the repertoire of processed T cell epitopes.     

Induction of CML28-specific cytotoxic T cell responses using co-transfected dendritic cells with CML28 DNA vaccine and SOCS1 small interfering RNA expression vector

CML28 is an attractive target for antigen-specific immunotherapy. SOCS1 represents an inhibitory control mechanism for DC antigen presentation and the magnitude of adaptive immunity. In this study, we evaluated the potential for inducing CML28-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses by dendritic cells (DCs)-based vaccination. We constructed a CML28 DNA vaccine and a SOCS1 siRNA vector and then cotransfect monocyte-derived DCs. Flow cytometry analysis showed gene silencing of SOCS1 resulted in higher expressions of costimulative moleculars in DCs. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) indicated downregulation of SOCS1 stronger capability to stimulate proliferation of responder cell in DCs. The CTL assay revealed transfected DCs effectively induced autologous CML28-specific CTL responses and the lytic activities induced by SOCS1-silenced DCs were significantly higher compared with those induced by SOCS1-expressing DCs. These results in our study indicates gene silencing of SOCS1 remarkably enhanced the cytotoxicity efficiency of CML28 DNA vaccine in DCs.     

FKBP-RAP-FRB系统转运BCR-ABL入核对K562细胞的增殖抑制效应

BCR-ABL融合蛋白是慢性粒细胞白血病（chronic myeloid leukemia,CML）发病的基础。其中,BCR-ABL只能定位于细胞浆、不能易位至细胞核是其致病的关键因素。因此,转运BCR—ABL入核可能是治疗CML的潜在方法。该研究利用基因重组技术,构建HA-2FKBP-ABD（HF2A）和FLAG-3NLS—FRB＊（FN3R）重组腺病毒,与雷帕霉素类似物（Rapamycin analog）同组成FKBP-RAP-FRB系统,转运K562细胞胞浆中的BCR—ABL癌蛋白至细胞核,并探究其对K562细胞增殖的影响。结果显示,成功构建了高滴度的重组腺病毒,Westernblot证实目的蛋白在K562细胞内成功表达。FKBP—RAP—FRB系统可通过转运BCR—ABLA入核。抑制K562细胞生长和克隆形成的能力。结果揭示,FKBP-RAP—FRB系统转运BCR—ABL入核有望为CML提供新的治疗手段。     

Defining MHC class II T helper epitopes for WT1 tumor antigen

The product of Wilms‘ tumor gene 1 (WT1) is overexpressed in diverse human tumors, including leukemia, lung and breast cancer, and is often recognized by antibodies in the sera of patients with leukemia. Since WT1 encodes MHC class I-restricted peptides recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), WT1 has been considered as a promising tumor-associated antigen (TAA) for developing anticancer immunotherapy. In order to carry out an effective peptide-based cancer immunotherapy, MHC class II-restricted epitope peptides that elicit anti-tumor CD4⁺ helper T lymphocytes (HTL) will be needed. In this study, we analyzed HTL responses against WT1 antigen using HTL lines elicited by in vitro immunization of human lymphocytes with synthetic peptides predicted to serve as HTL epitopes derived from the sequence of WT1. Two peptides, WT1_124–138 and WT1_247–261, were shown to induce peptide-specific HTL, which were restricted by frequently expressed HLA class II alleles. Here, we also demonstrate that both peptides-reactive HTL lines were capable of recognizing naturally processed antigens presented by dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysates or directly by WT1+ tumor cells that express MHC class II molecules. Interestingly, the two WT1 HTL epitopes described here are closely situated to known MHC class I-restricted CTL epitopes, raising the possibility of stimulating CTL and HTL responses using a relatively small synthetic peptide vaccine. Because HTL responses to TAA are known to be important for promoting long-lasting anti-tumor CTL responses, the newly described WT1 T-helper epitopes could provide a useful tool for designing powerful vaccines against WT1-expressing tumors.     

Induction of specific immune responses against the Plasmodium vivax liver-stage via in vitro activation by dendritic cells

Due to chronic morbidity, the risk of increasing drug resistance and the existence of the hypnozoite stage in Plasmodium vivax malaria, there is a need to find out how hosts develop immunity to compromise the malaria parasites. Here we focused on an in vitro model for immunotherapy and vaccine development. Immunosuppressive mechanisms in malaria include inhibition of T cell response and suppression of dendritic cell function. Using in vitro activation of lymphocytes by malaria antigen-pulsed dendritic cells could overcome the limitation of antigen presentation during acute infections. Here we showed that the sporozoite-pulsed dendritic cell could elicit cytotoxicity against liver stage of P. vivax. Analysis using immunophenotypic markers showed maturation of the dendritic cells and stimulation of cytotoxic T cells. Functional assay of the in vitro-activated cytotoxic T cells showed enhancement of specific killing of the P. vivax exoerythrocytic stages within infected hepatocytes. This model may be useful for vaccine development against human malaria.