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栗山天牛幼虫龄数和龄期的测定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
栗山天牛Massicus raddei (Blessig)是危害我国东北柞树天然林的重要蛀干害虫, 长期营隐蔽性生活, 3年发生1代, 防治困难。幼虫的龄数和龄期测定是害虫预测预报以及制订其科学治理策略的重要依据。本研究于2008-2011年通过林间定期解剖受害树进行取样, 在辽宁省宽甸县采集不同发育阶段的栗山天牛幼虫, 分别测量幼虫上颚长、 主单眼间距、 前胸背板宽、 中胸气门长和体长等5项形态指标, 利用频次分析的统计方法, 测定了栗山天牛幼虫的龄数。结果表明: 栗山天牛幼虫有6龄, 雌雄性幼虫龄数相同。上颚长、 主单眼间距和前胸背板宽3项指标均可用于分龄, 中胸气门长和体长变异较大, 不宜用作幼虫龄数划分。利用种群众数龄期法计算1-6龄幼虫的平均龄期分别为9.25, 266.85, 48.09, 51.29, 260.33和385.71 d, 幼虫期共1 021.52 d。在我国东北地区, 自然条件下栗山天牛世代发生非常整齐而且高度同步, 完成1代发育需跨越4个年份, 幼虫经历3次越冬, 第1年以2-3龄幼虫越冬, 第2年主要以4-5龄幼虫越冬, 第3年全部以末龄幼虫越冬。研究结果进一步明确了栗山天牛幼虫期的生物学特性, 为生产上合理防治该害虫提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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杨黑点叶蜂幼虫龄数和龄期 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
夏季,采用室内常温、常光照条件下饲养的方法和解剖镜测微技术,研究杨黑点叶蜂Pristophora conjugata Dahlbom幼虫龄数和龄期。结果表明,杨黑点叶蜂雄性幼虫共5龄,雌性幼虫共6龄;各龄幼虫头宽值分别为(mm):0.585~0.849;0.849~1.371;1.371~1.960;1.960~2.350;2.350~2.868;2.868。根据幼虫头宽值确定幼虫所处龄期,为准确掌握防治时期提供科学依据。 相似文献
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眉斑并脊天牛幼虫龄数及各龄特征 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
测定头壳宽度室内观察结果表明,眉斑并脊天牛Glenea cantor(Fabricius)幼虫有4龄。1~4龄幼虫的头壳宽度分别为(0.66±0.20),(1.45±0.20),(2.22±0.23),(3.26±0.29)mm。其龄数(Y)与幼虫头壳宽(X)度符合关系式Y=0.2975+1.1606X。在25℃条件下,1~4龄幼虫的平均龄期分别为(5.25±0.60),(4.94±0.58),(5.98±0.63)d和(22.92±1.28)d,整个幼虫期为(39.09±2.14)d。还对眉斑并脊天牛各龄幼虫的形态特征作了描述。 相似文献
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【目的】为明确梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)幼虫的发育状况,以便进行预测预报及采取防治措施。【方法】试验对幼虫头壳宽、上颚宽、体长和体宽4项指标进行测量。【结果】头壳宽和上颚宽符合Dyar法则和Crosby法则并呈现明显的线性回归关系,可作为龄期划分的重要指标,确定其龄期为5龄。室内26℃温度下饲养幼虫历期约为15 d,1~4 d为1龄期、4~7 d为2龄期、6~10 d为3龄期、8~12 d为4龄期、11~15 d为5龄期。【结论】幼虫刚毛、体色、斑纹也可作为龄期划分辅助参考方法,体长和体宽变异性较大,不宜作为幼虫龄数划分的标准。 相似文献
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【目的】为明确栎黄枯叶蛾Trabala vishnou gigantina Yang幼虫的发育状况,以便进行预测预报及采取防治措施。【方法】通过野外采样获取不同发育状态的栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫,对其头壳宽度,体长,体宽,额宽,上颚基部宽和单眼间距6项形态指标进行测量,利用Crosby生长法则和线性回归方法,推断栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫的龄数。【结果】栎黄枯叶蛾幼虫有7龄,头壳宽度为最佳分龄结构。单眼间距、额宽和上颚宽3项指标均可作为分龄的辅助手段,体长和体宽变异较大,不宜用作幼虫龄数划分。【结论】研究结果为生产上合理防治该害虫提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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为明确甘蔗黄螟Tetramoera schistaceana Snellen幼虫的龄数和发育历期,以便进一步研究其生物学生态学特性,为该虫的预测预报和精准防控提供科学依据,本试验以天然饲料茭白Zizania caduciflora为寄主饲养的甘蔗黄螟为研究对象,对不同龄期幼虫的头壳宽度和发育历期进行了测量,并对所测得的数据进行了Crosby指数、Brook指数、频次分布和回归分析。结果表明:甘蔗黄螟幼虫经过5个龄数进入化蛹,各龄头壳宽值分别为:0.293 mm、0.437 mm、0.615 mm、0.911 mm和1.222 mm。头壳宽符合Dyar法则和Crosby法则。头壳宽与龄数间的直线、二次和指数拟合模型均较好。指数拟合模型的决定系数(R2)最大,拟合度最好。在26℃温度下,1~5龄幼虫平均龄期分别为2.766 d、2.913 d、3.107 d、3.413 d和8.860 d。甘蔗黄螟幼虫有5个龄期,头壳宽是甘蔗黄螟幼虫虫龄判定的重要指标。在26℃条件下,从卵孵化,雌、雄幼虫平均分别需要20.265 d和19.250 d后进入化蛹。 相似文献
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为了明确蜂巢奇露尾甲Aethina tumida Murray幼虫的龄期和最佳分龄指标,本研究分别对不同发育阶段幼虫的头壳宽进行测量,根据各指标的频次分布结果初步确定龄期,并运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归方法进行验证分析。结果表明:蜂巢奇露尾甲幼虫可分为4龄,1~4龄头壳宽度平均值分别为0.1842 mm、0.2942 mm、0.4613 mm、0.7280 mm;此外,本文还对蜂巢奇露尾甲幼虫的形态特征进行描述。本文为研究蜂巢奇露尾甲的发生规律、生物学特性及制定防治措施等提供参考。 相似文献
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榆木蠹蛾幼虫龄数的确定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为弄清榆木蠹蛾Holcocerus vicarius Walker幼虫的发育情况及预测其发生时间, 通过测量榆木蠹蛾幼虫的头壳宽、 体长、 体宽、 前胸背板宽、 上颚长和上颚宽, 运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归方法分析来找出判定幼虫龄数的最佳形态指标, 推断其幼虫的龄数。结果表明: 各龄幼虫头壳宽平均值的变异系数和Crosby指数最小, 其他5项指标的变异系数和Crosby指数较大, 头壳宽为最佳分龄指标。根据头壳宽将榆木蠹蛾幼虫分为20龄, 不同龄幼虫头壳宽值符合Dyar定律提出的幼虫头壳宽增长规律, 头壳宽和龄数的回归方程为y=0.233+1.686x+0.127x2-0.005x3 (R2=0.996)。榆木蠹蛾幼虫龄数的确定为研究其发生规律、 生物学习性及进行综合防治提供依据。 相似文献
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J. M. ELLIOTT 《Freshwater Biology》2009,54(6):1271-1284
1. Ontogenetic changes during the life cycle of aquatic insects are important not only in life‐history studies but also in evaluating food‐web structure. They require information on the growth and number of larval instars but such information is lacking for many species, including Plecoptera. Therefore, the chief objectives of the present study were to determine inter‐ and intra‐specific differences in the number of larval instars in British populations of 24 species of stoneflies, to test Dyar’s hypothesis that growth followed a geometric progression, and to synthesise this information with previously published values for four British species. 2. Larvae were reared at constant temperatures in the laboratory from eggs from 63 populations (one to six populations per species). First instars from each population were divided into three batches and each batch was reared at one of three constant temperatures. For each species, the rearing temperature and source population had no significant effect on the mean size of each larval instar. 3. The relationship between the geometric mean length of each instar and instar number was well described by an exponential equation (P < 0.001, r2 > 0.9 for all species), thus supporting Dyar’s hypothesis. Only one species, Brachyptera risi, had the same number of instars for males and females (12–13). For the other 15 herbivorous species and the four smaller carnivorous ones, the number of instars was higher for females than males (range 11–16 for males, 12–17 for females). The larger size of the females was due to their additional instars, not a sex difference in growth rates. In contrast, there was a clear growth separation of the sexes after the 9th or 10th instar for the four largest carnivores. The number of larval instars was highest for these four species (range 16–19 for males, 18–23 for females), and females were much larger than males. 4. A multiple regression equation with data from the present and previous studies (n = 27) showed that variability in the mean length of the first instar and the maximum number of larval instars for each species accounted for 88% and 91% of the variability in the mean length of the final instar for males and females, respectively. 5. Values for Plecoptera in other countries were in general agreement with those in the present study, especially in the same families. Two old, but widely quoted, high values are doubtful. The present study and four previous ones provide a sound basis for ontogenetic studies on 28 species of Plecoptera and their role in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
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Sami M. Kivelä Magne Friberg Christer Wiklund Olof Leimar Karl Gotthard 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2016,117(3):586-600
Moults characterise insect growth trajectories, typically following a consistent pattern known as Dyar's rule; proportional size increments remain constant across inter‐instar moults. Empirical work suggests that oxygen limitation triggers moulting. The insect respiratory system, and its oxygen supply capacity, grows primarily at moults. It is hypothesized that the oxygen demand increases with increasing body mass, eventually meeting the oxygen supply capacity at an instar‐specific critical mass where moulting is triggered. Deriving from this hypothesis, we develop a novel mathematical model for moulting and growth in insect larvae. Our mechanistic model has great success in predicting moulting sizes in four butterfly species, indirectly supporting a size‐dependent mechanism underlying moulting. The results demonstrate that an oxygen‐dependent induction of moulting mechanism would be sufficient to explain moulting sizes in the study species. Model predictions deviated slightly from Dyar's rule, the deviations being typically negligible within the present data range. The developmental decisions (e.g. moulting) made by growing larvae significantly affect age and size at maturity, which has important life history implications. The successful modelling of moulting presented here provides a novel framework for the development of realistic insect growth models, which are required for a better understanding of life history evolution. 相似文献
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Bibionid larvae were extracted from soil samples collected from June 1985 to March 1987. Each larva was identified, weighed and measured for maximum head capsule width. Both Bibio johannis and Dilophus febrilis have six larval instars. Bibio johannis grew slowly in late summer and early autumn but rapidly from October to January. Early and late instar larvae of D. febrilis occurred simultaneously and it was concluded that this species was not bivoltine but may exist as two separate cohorts with distinct flight periods. 相似文献
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G. W. ELMES J. A. THOMAS M. L. MUNGUIRA K. FIEDLER 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,73(3):259-278
Fourth instar larvae of Maculinea species of lycaenid butterfly live as social parasites inside Myrmica ant nests. They show highly unusual growth patterns, with small but regular growth in early phytophagous instars, followed by >10 times the growth predicted by extrapolating the early growth rate (following Dyar's rule) during the final carnivorous instar. This produces striking allometry between head and body size in full-grown larvae (ratios of 4–5% compared with 8–10%). Larvae of the Myrmica ant hosts have a similar growth. Data for c. 150 other lycaenid species showed that species with similar life-histories exhibit the same unusual growth pattern (Phengaris spp., Lepidochrysops spp., Niphanda fused); all others have regular growth throughout their larval life, including the carnivorous species that are parasitic on ants from the first instar. It is suggested that Maculinea-type growth pattern has arisen convergently in at least three unrelated lineages of lycaenids. Selection pressures might include the need for reduced early growth to produce late instars that are small enough to be integrated as brood mimics into ant social systems, combined with the need to achieve at least the same adult size as the ancestral species. Trophic pressures that operate on both sedentary ant and butterfly larvae, which must survive long periods of starvation and grow rapidly when food is abundant, may also be involved. 相似文献
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旋纹潜蛾Leucoptera malifoliella (Costa)是苹果和梨上一种偶发性害虫。本文依据文献和我们的研究, 综述了旋纹潜蛾的分布与危害、 寄主植物、 形态、 习性、 天敌和防治技术。旋纹潜蛾在北京1年4代, 越冬代成虫在苹果花蕾露红期时开始羽化, 可持续1个多月, 盛期发生在苹果的花期。幼虫分为3个龄期, 其各龄的平均头壳宽度分别为0.23, 0.33和0.44 mm。2011年旋纹潜蛾在北京昌平王家园果园大发生。2011年春天在该果园用性诱剂引诱到大量的旋纹夜蛾成虫, 第1代的卵量很低, 且当年的种群数量一直很低, 可能的原因是越冬期的干旱影响了蛹的活力, 从而影响成虫的产卵量。在防治上, 以保护寄生蜂为主, 可人工清除越冬蛹, 大发生时在卵盛期用灭幼脲喷雾防治。本文还提供了该虫为害状、 成虫、 卵、 幼虫、 茧和部分天敌的彩色图片。 相似文献
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以北美及欧洲7个不同地区种源恶性杂草多斑矢车菊(Centaurea maculosa)为材料,采用红外辐射加热器模拟增温方法研究增温2℃(地上10 cm)对其生长及形态属性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,增温使乌克兰、阿肯色、加拿大组多斑矢车菊株高显著增加,马里兰组株高显著减小。增温使多斑矢车菊叶片数量明显增加1~5片(乌克兰、马里兰组除外),叶片形态趋于变小;同时使加拿大组总叶面积显著增加,佛蒙特组总叶面积显著减小。增温使蒙大拿组多斑矢车菊地上生物量显著增加,罗马尼亚组却显著降低。增温使乌克兰、罗马尼亚、佛蒙特组多斑矢车菊地下生物量显著降低;除阿肯色组根冠比增加外,增温使其他地区多斑矢车菊根冠比下降。研究发现,7种多斑矢车菊对增温的响应(从促进到抑制)顺序依次为阿肯色组、加拿大组、蒙大拿组、乌克兰组、佛蒙特组、马里兰组、罗马尼亚组;不同地区多斑矢车菊对增温效应的适应能力不同,在生长及形态发生上存在差异,其潜在入侵潜力也可能不相同。 相似文献