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在真核细胞中已发现两条主要降解途径,即自噬系统和蛋白酶体系统.长期以来,这两条降解途径一直被认作是完全独立的路径,然而最近的证据强烈提示,这两条主要降解途径之间相互联系.其中,发现干扰这两条途径的任一条可影响另一条途径的活性,抑制蛋白酶体可刺激自噬活性.同时发现泛素的作用比先前想象更广泛,不仅具有标记蛋白酶体降解蛋白质这一 “经典作用”,还涉及自噬-溶酶体途径降解底物泛素化,是这些主要降解途径的共同标签.这些降解系统分享某些底物和调节分子,显示协同作用,在某些背景下,显示补偿功能.降解系统之间的协同和补偿作用在许多细胞过程中显得至关重要.因此这些降解系统异常或联系失常不仅导致细胞功能的异常,而且也与多种重要疾病的发生和发展密切相关.对这些降解途径功能及其联系的深入了解可拓展人们对这些降解途径的认识,有助于对多种细胞分解代谢过程的深入理解,也有助于相关新药的研发. 相似文献
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刘瑞;陈金玥;文婷婷;侯永慧;苟玉琴;李娟 《生命的化学》2024,(4):630-638
胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)是常见的恶性肿瘤,其死亡率较高。近些年,随着诊疗技术的提升,胃癌的发病率及死亡率总体呈下降趋势,但由于耐药性的上升和全球癌症负担的增加,胃癌的治疗仍然面临许多障碍。铁死亡及自噬作为细胞死亡的两种形式,在维持细胞稳态方面具有重要作用,随着对二者研究的不断深入,发现其在胃癌的发生、发展和治疗中起着至关重要的作用。本文就自噬与铁死亡在胃癌中的发病机制和二者的相互作用研究进展作一综述,为胃癌未来的治疗提供新的靶点。 相似文献
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线粒体自噬(mitophagy)是指细胞通过自噬机制选择性清除多余或损伤线粒体的过程,对于线粒体质量控制以及细胞生存具有重要作用。在线粒体自噬的过程中,线粒体自噬受体FUNDCl、Nix、BNIP3,接头蛋白OPTN、NDP52以及去泛素化酶UPS30、UPS8等发挥了重要的调控作用。近年来,研究发现线粒体自噬与神经退行性疾病、脑损伤以及胶质瘤相关。因此,研究线粒体自噬的分子机制具有重要意义。本文就与哺乳动物相关的线粒体自噬分子机制及最新研究进展做一综述。 相似文献
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铁是血红素、线粒体呼吸链复合体和各种生物酶的重要辅助因子,参与氧气运输、氧化还原反应和代谢物合成等生物过程。铁蛋白(ferritin)是一种铁存储蛋白质,通过储存和释放铁来维持机体内铁平衡。铁自噬(ferritinophagy)作为一种选择性自噬方式,介导铁蛋白降解释放游离铁,参与细胞内铁含量的调控。适度铁自噬维持细胞内铁含量稳定,但铁自噬过度会释放出大量游离铁。通过芬顿 (Fenton)反应催化产生大量的活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS),发生脂质过氧化造成细胞受损。因此,铁自噬在维持细胞生理性铁稳态中发挥至关重要的作用。核受体共激活因子4 (nuclear receptor co-activator 4, NCOA4)被认为是铁自噬的关键调节因子,与铁蛋白靶向结合,并传递至溶酶体中降解释放游离铁,其介导的铁自噬构成了铁代谢的重要组成部分。最新研究表明,NCOA4受体内铁含量、自噬、溶酶体和低氧等因素的调控。NCOA4介导的铁蛋白降解与铁死亡(ferroptosis)有关。铁死亡是自噬性细胞死亡过程。铁自噬通过调节细胞铁稳态和细胞ROS生成,成为诱导铁死亡的上游机制,与贫血、神经退行性疾病、癌症、缺血/再灌注损伤与疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文针对NCOA4介导的铁自噬通路在铁死亡中的功能特征,探讨NCOA4在这些疾病中的作用,可能为相关疾病的治疗提供启示。 相似文献
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活性氧与自噬的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和自噬在人体内作用广泛,且与人类的健康密切相关。两者之间关系复杂,ROS作为诱导自噬的信号分子,参与多种诱导自噬的信号途径,在自噬的形成过程中起着重要作用,而自噬具有减少ROS损伤的作用。对ROS与自噬之间的关系,包括ROS介导自噬的分子机制,以及ROS和自噬在肿瘤、神经退行性疾病和衰老中的作用进行综述。 相似文献
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付婉董笛赵颖 《中国生物化学与分子生物学报》2017,(5):448-455
细胞自噬是真核生物中高度保守的一类生物学途径,它通过降解细胞浆内不同组分,维持细胞自身平衡并帮助细胞在应激情况下生存。自噬在生物体生长发育、免疫防御、肿瘤抑制及神经退行性疾病中都有重大的意义。哺乳动物细胞中,自噬过程主要由自噬相关蛋白(Atg)所形成的一系列复合物所调控,这些蛋白质分别在自噬的启动、自噬泡的形成、延伸及成熟和降解过程中发挥重要的作用。在此,本文针对一些重要的自噬相关蛋白质对近年来自噬分子机制的研究进展做一总结。 相似文献
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李生 《中国生物工程杂志》2017,37(7):124-132
自噬是真核生物普遍存在的重要生理过程,通过溶酶体降解错误折叠的蛋白质、异常的细胞器从而循环利用自身内含物。细胞自噬广泛参与多种病理和生理过程,是当前生物医学领域研究的热点之一。自噬的分子机制能够揭示自噬本质,不仅有利于理解自噬的生理意义,也有利于寻找新的药物靶点,为治疗疾病提供理论基础。金属离子能通过不同的信号通路诱导自噬,其研究对药物开发和疾病治疗具有重要的意义。主要从自噬的分子机制、金属离子的诱导作用两方面进行阐述。 相似文献
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Haijian Wu Xiaoru Che Qiaoli Zheng An Wu Kun Pan Anwen Shao Qun Wu Jianmin Zhang Yuan Hong 《International journal of biological sciences》2014,10(9):1072-1083
Autophagy and apoptosis are two important catabolic processes contributing to the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis. Autophagy controls the turnover of protein aggregates and damaged organelles within cells, while apoptosis is the principal mechanism by which unwanted cells are dismantled and eliminated from organisms. Despite marked differences between these two pathways, they are highly interconnected in determining the fate of cells. Intriguingly, caspases, the primary drivers of apoptotic cell death, play a critical role in mediating the complex crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic signals can converge to activate caspases to execute apoptotic cell death. In addition, activated caspases can degrade autophagy proteins (i.e., Beclin-1, Atg5, and Atg7) to shut down the autophagic response. Moreover, caspases can convert pro-autophagic proteins into pro-apoptotic proteints to trigger apoptotic cell death instead. It is clear that caspases are important in both apoptosis and autophagy, thus a detailed deciphering of the role of caspases in these two processes is still required to clarify the functional relationship between them. In this article, we provide a current overview of caspases in its interplay between autophagy and apoptosis. We emphasized that defining the role of caspases in autophagy-apoptosis crosstalk will provide a framework for more precise manipulation of these two processes during cell death. 相似文献
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A variety of cellular stresses activate the autophagy pathway, which is fundamentally important in protection against injurious stimuli. Defects in the autophagy process are associated with a variety of human diseases, including inflammatory and metabolic diseases. The inflammasomes are emerging as key signaling platforms directing the maturation and secretion of interleukin-1 family cytokines in response to pathogenic and sterile stimuli. Recent studies have identified the critical role of inflammasome activation in host defense and inflammation. Delineation of the relationship between autophagy and inflammasome activation is now being greatly facilitated by the use of mice models of autophagy gene deficiency and clinical studies. We surveyed the recent research regarding the contribution of autophagy to the control of inflammation, in particular the association between autophagy and inflammasomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which autophagy balances inflammation might facilitate the development of autophagy-based therapeutic modalities for infectious and inflammatory diseases. 相似文献
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细胞自噬是真核生物中进化保守的对细胞内物质进行周转的重要过程,该过程中一些损坏的蛋白或细胞器被双层膜结构的自噬小泡包裹后送入溶酶体(动物)或液泡(酵母和植物)中进行降解并得以循环利用。植物中通过序列比对鉴定了诸多自噬相关基因并分离到了部分细胞自噬功能缺陷的突变体,这些研究均推进了我们对植物细胞自噬机制和功能的了解。本文主要综述了植物细胞自噬分子机制和生理功能的研究进展。 相似文献
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Huifang Xing Jin Tan Yuyang Miao Yingmei Lv Qiang Zhang 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2021,25(5):2297-2308
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that primarily exist in bodily fluids such as blood. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process, which, along with exosomes, can significantly influence human health and has therefore attracted considerable attention in recent years. Exosomes have been shown to regulate the intracellular autophagic process, which, in turn, affects the circulating exosomes. However, crosstalk between exosomal and autophagic pathways is highly complex, depends primarily on the environment, and varies greatly in different diseases. In addition, studies have demonstrated that exosomes, from specific cell, can mitigate several diseases by regulating autophagy, which can also affect the excessive release of some harmful exosomes. This phenomenon lays a theoretical foundation for the improvement of many diseases. Herein, we review the mechanisms and clinical significance of the association and regulation of exosomes and autophagy, in order to provide a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of associated diseases. 相似文献
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Summary Most types of normal cells require integrin-mediated attachment to extracellular matrix to be able to respond to growth factor
stimulation for proliferation and survival. Therefore, a consensus that integrins are close collaborators with growth factors
in signal transduction has gradually emerged. Some integrins and growth factor receptors appear to be normally in relatively
close proximity, which can be induced to form complexes upon cell adhesion or growth factor stimulation. Moreover, since integrins
and growth factor receptors share many common elements in their signaling pathways, it is clear tzhat there are many opportunities
for integrin signals to modulate growth factor signals and vice versa. Increasing evidence indicates that integrins can crosstalk with receptor tyrosine kinases in a cell- and integrin-type-dependent
manner through a variety of specific mechanisms. This review is intended specifically for summarizing recent progress uncovering
how the hepatocyte growth factor receptor c-Met coordinates with integrins to transmit signals. 相似文献
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Wnt和MAPK信号通路在生物进化过程中高度保守,参与调控胚胎发育和细胞增殖、分化及凋亡等。Wnt和MAPK信号通路调控失常可导致胚胎发育异常和肿瘤形成。近年来发现这两条信号通路在肿瘤发生发展中存在着大量串话(crosstalk),彼此之间相互调节,共同发挥促癌或抑癌作用,因此,更好地了解两条通路是如何在肿瘤形成中发生交叉对话对于将来肿瘤治疗非常有价值。 相似文献
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自噬是广泛存在于真核细胞中的生命现象,是以细胞质空泡化为特征的溶酶体依赖性的降解途径。自噬从酵母至哺乳动物细胞均很保守,它在耐受饥饿和缺血、清除衰老细胞器、清除细菌和异物、维持细胞活性和延长寿命等方面起着非常重要的作用。该文主要对自噬体的发生过程、分子机制及在癌细胞中的调控作用等方面进行简要概述。 相似文献