飞机喷药防治马尾松毛虫对林内昆虫多样性的影响研究

近年我省采用飞机喷药防治森林病虫害的面积不断扩大,本文在飞防区防治前后随机采取昆虫样本,以研究飞防喷药对昆虫及其多样性的影响,采用Bt＋病毒、灭幼脲、苦参碱·烟碱乳油和森得保飞机喷药防治的各试验区内,调查发现飞机喷药防治前后各试验区出现的优势类群均为蜘蛛、鞘翅目、同翅目、膜翅目和双翅目昆虫。灭幼脲和森得保飞机喷药防治后生物多样性指数指数有所增加,且差异显著;Bt＋病毒和苦参碱·烟碱乳油飞防后生物多样性指数指数有变化,但差异不显著。     

橄榄星室木虱的研究

记述橄榄星室木虱Pseudophacopteron canarium Yang et Li的外部形态、生活习性、天敌种类和药剂防治试验。此虫在福州一年发生7～9代,第一代成虫始见于4月下旬,世代重叠明显,一年中的7月上旬至9月上旬先后出现三个成虫高峰,而以9月上旬的成虫数量最多。药剂防治试验表明,20%灭扫利防效最好,喷药后第2d药效达96.5%;其次是10%溴氟菊酯,喷药后第2d药效达到93.8%;此外,2.5%敌杀死、40%氧化乐果与80%敌敌畏等药效也在81%～90%。天敌种类繁多,诸如瓢虫、草蛉、郭公虫、蜘蛛与捕食螨等。尤以瓢虫的种类和数量都相当多,在抑制橄榄星室木虱的种群消长中起了重要的作用。研究工作还包括首次引用绿僵菌属(Metarhizium)于橄榄星室木虱之防治,开辟了该虫防治的新途径。     

烟雾剂防治棉花蕾铃期害虫效果好

棉花封行后,果枝交错,喷药治虫行动不便,果枝受损伤较重,且喷药亦难均匀。为了改进防治措施,提高防治效果,南京林产工业学院等单位协作,土法上马,大搞群众运动,运用“741”烟雾剂和其他几种自制的土烟刘防治棉花害虫,获得初步成果。证明烟雾剂防治棉花害虫,特别是防治蕾铃期害虫,是经济、有效的好办法。     

讯号伞是山区飞机防治森林虫害的良好导航标志

飞机在地形复杂的山区林份中喷药治虫,除与飞行员的“超低空”机动飞行技术有关外,在绝大程度上还取决于地面讯号队的导航指挥工作。 1963-1964年河南省罗山县先后利用飞机喷药防治马尾松毛虫3次,共飞行近300架次,防治面积达30余万亩。第一次防治采用一米见方的讯号旗导航,由于     

银杏叶枯病的田间药剂防治试验

用 4种药剂和 2种药剂组合防治银杏叶枯病的田间试验。示范结果表明 :扑海因 +甲基托布津 ,敌力脱防效最好 ;与其它的参试药剂相比 ,其防效有显著差异。从始病期 (4月中下旬 )开始 ,每隔 1 5 d左右 ,用 2 5 %敌力脱 2 0 0 0倍液 ,5 0 %扑海因 1 0 0 0倍液 + 70 %甲基托布津 1 0 0 0倍液 (按 1∶ 1的体积比混合 )交替喷药 1次 ,特别是在 6月 1 0日和 7月 30日左右的发病高峰前必须重点施药 ,防治效果就可达到 85 %以上 ,有效控制叶枯病的发生。研究结果还表明 ,喷药的时间不同 ,防治效果不同 ;用药时能加强病害综合防治的其它措施 ,防治效果也会有显著的提高。     

溴氰菊酯防治花斑皮蠹的试验及应用

本文以危害昆虫标本的花斑皮蠹(Trogoderma variabile Ballion)幼虫为试验材料,选用法国进口的2.5%溴氰菊酯孔油剂型为原药,经稀释九种不同浓度药剂使用,试验结果以1∶250倍液药效果最佳,喷药后24小时死亡率达100%;并在昆虫标本室内进行实际防治应用,经一次喷药后,杀死原有的虫源,随后每年使用樟脑粉进行预防,四年多来现已控制了花斑皮蠹的发生与危害.     

桔小实蝇在番石榴上的防治指标研究

番石榴是桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)主要寄主之一,受桔小实蝇为害严重,经济损失大。为指导番石榴园桔小实蝇的防治,本文在建立番石榴被害率(y)、产量损失率(y)与桔小实蝇雄虫数量(x)的回归方程基础上,提出了番石榴园桔小实蝇的防治指标。夏果期和秋果期番石榴被害率(y)与桔小实蝇雄虫诱集数量(x)间回归方程分别为:y=0.680x+1.951和y=0.736x+0.535;产量损失率(y)与雄虫诱集数量(x)之间的回归方程:y=0.697x+2.457和y=0.730x+1.831;产量损失率(y)与番石榴被害率(x)的回归方程:y=1.115x+0.638和y=0.998x+1.756。提出的番石榴上桔小实蝇的防治指标如下:(1)以性诱剂诱集的雄虫数量为标准,对于采取喷药结合性诱剂防治的果园,夏果期和秋果期桔小实蝇防治指标分别为0.97头/瓶/4 d和2.97头/瓶/4 d;对于采取套袋防治措施的果园,夏果期和秋果期桔小实蝇防治指标分别为4.75头/瓶/4 d和5.01头/瓶/4 d;(2)以番石榴被害率为标准,对于采取套袋防治措施的果园,夏果期和秋果期防治指标分别为5.18%和4.22%;对于采取喷药结合性诱剂防治的果园,防治指标分别为2.61%和2.72%。     

仿爱夜蛾成虫排泄物对敦煌石窟壁画的损害及其治理

通过模拟实验与现场调查相结合的方法研究了仿爱夜蛾Apopestes spectrum (Esper)成虫对敦煌石窟壁画的损害及其治理。结果表明：仿爱夜蛾成虫在石窟中的时空分布具有一定 的规律性,成虫密度在上、中、下3层洞窟呈依次增加的趋势,与洞窟内温、湿度有关;在1年 内表现为8月份洞窟内成虫数量多,与洞外成虫羽化的高峰期相一致。成虫排泄物污染壁画面积 年平均达150 mm²/蛾,且对不同颜料的影响有差异,对白色和蓝色影响较大,对红色和褐色 的影响较小。排泄物不仅直接污染壁画表面,而且,其残余物中含有磷酸盐和碳酸盐等,酸性 物质在与壁画颜料、地仗及空气的作用过程中均对壁画产生腐蚀。在开展物理防治的基础上, 选用15%灭幼脲三号胶悬剂或2.5%敌杀死乳油,于6月上旬防治2～3龄幼虫,灭幼脲喷药后第10天和敌杀死喷药后72 h的防治效果可分别达到85.6%和97.6%。     

一种防治稻飞虱的喷雾辅助装置

介绍一种防治稻飞虱喷药时的辅助装置,使用该装置可在确保药剂防治效果的前提下提高工效,并节省用药量。     

水稻根区施药治虫效果好

<正> 叶面喷药防治害虫,受外界气候等因子的限制,残效期较短,杀伤害虫天敌,破坏生态平衡,增加环境污染等缺点。水稻根区施药可以部分地克服叶面喷药中存在的缺点。我们对早、晚稻主要害虫进行了根区施药试验,结果表明,有以下的优点。 1.减少施药次数,提高防治效果。     

四种药剂防治茶小绿叶蝉的药效

在成虫期 6 6 6 7m2 用 70 %杀螟丹 5 0g ,5 8%吡虫啉—杀螟丹混剂A( 1∶4 ) 5 0g,2 2 %吡虫啉—噻嗪酮混剂 ( 1∶4 ) 5 0g ,兑水 75kg,蓬面喷雾 ,对茶小绿叶蝉类药后 7天虫口减退率达 84 5 %～ 93 5 % ,2 0天内维持在 91 6 %以上。 1 0 %吡虫啉用药量偏低 ( 1 0g 6 6 6 7m2 ) ,2 0天的药效仍有 77 2 % ,具速效和持效期长的特点。     

5种杀螨剂对不同螨态荔枝叶螨的毒力评价和田间防效

为了综合评价常用杀螨剂对荔枝叶螨Oligonychus litchii的室内毒力,在室内分别采用Potter喷雾法、浸叶碟法和浸叶法测定了5种常用杀螨剂对荔枝叶螨成螨、卵和若螨的毒力,并测定了5种杀螨剂对荔枝叶螨的田间防效。室内毒力结果表明:哒螨灵、阿维菌素对荔枝叶螨成螨和若螨有较高的毒力,联苯肼酯对成螨和若螨的毒力较低,而螺螨酯和乙螨唑对成螨基本无活性,对若螨有一定的毒力;5种杀螨剂对卵的毒力大小依次为乙螨唑螺螨酯哒螨灵阿维菌素联苯肼酯。田间防效试验中,15%哒螨灵乳油和1.8%阿维菌素乳油对荔枝叶螨的总体防效较好,药后1 d防效高于70%,药后10 d防效达100%,药后20 d防效仍在90%以上,速效性和持效性均较好;240 g/L螺螨酯悬浮剂和110 g/L乙螨唑悬浮剂对荔枝叶螨药后3 d防效均低于70%,而药后20 d的防效高于90%,说明两药剂速效性较差但持效性较好;43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂药后1、3 d防效低于阿维菌素和哒螨灵,高于螺螨酯和乙螨唑,药后15 d防效开始下降。在田间防治荔枝叶螨时,若荔枝叶螨发生早期、成螨较少时建议施用螺螨酯或乙螨唑,而荔枝叶螨种群中成螨、若螨较多时推荐施用阿维菌素、哒螨灵或联苯肼酯。     

几种杀虫剂防治荔枝蝽的应用效果及其评价

为了筛选出对荔枝蝽Tessaratoma papillosa高效低毒低投入的药剂,在室内采用喷雾法初步测定了16种常用杀虫剂对荔枝蝽成虫的活性,进一步测定了辛硫磷、丁醚脲和氟啶虫胺腈等3种药剂对荔枝蝽成虫、1龄若虫和2龄若虫的室内毒力,并开展了3种杀虫剂对荔枝蝽的田间防效试验。室内毒力结果表明：甲氰菊酯、杀虫双、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、哒螨灵、茚虫威、虫螨腈、多杀霉素、乙基多杀霉素、灭蝇胺、异丙威等11种药剂对荔枝蝽成虫活性较低,辛硫磷、丁醚脲和氟啶虫胺腈对荔枝蝽有较高的杀虫活性,3种药剂对成虫72 h后的LC₅₀分别为102.32、226.88和207.59 mg/L,对1龄若虫分别为42.41、120.90和87.59 mg/L,对2龄若虫分别为62.65、180.20和148.75 mg/L。在田间防效试验中,辛硫磷对荔枝蝽成虫药后1 d的防效高达82.46%;氟啶虫胺腈对荔枝蝽成虫药后1 d防效达89.23%,药后7 d防效维持在85.03%;丁醚脲对荔枝蝽成虫的最高防效为71.63%,与高效氯氟氰菊酯的防效相当。辛硫磷、丁醚脲和氟啶虫胺腈的防效...     

吡虫啉对稻飞虱的控制效果

扑虱灵 buprofezin连续 10年的大面积使用 ,用药量逐年增加而效果下降 ,选择替换农药品种已势在必行。 10 %吡虫啉不同用药量防治稻飞虱试验结果表明 ,每 6 6 7m2 用 10 %吡虫啉可湿性粉剂 10～ 2 0 g在白背飞虱主害代低龄若虫高峰期施药 1次 ,即可控制水稻全生育期稻飞虱的危害 ,药后 50天校正防效达 85%以上 ,小区产量比不用药区增加 14 .8%～ 19.3%。     

Influence of acetaminophen and trichloroethylene on liver cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of acetaminophen (APAP) and/or trichloroethylene (TRI) on the liver cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase system, CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 (two important P450 isoforms), and liver glutathione (GSH) content in rats. Rats were given three different doses of APAP (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b...) and then the above-mentioned parameters were measured for 48 h. The lowest APAP dose produced small changes in the cytochrome P450 content of liver. At 500 mg/kg APAP increased the cytochrome P450 content to 230% of the control. The inductive effect was seen at 1000 mg/kg dose but at 24 h and later. NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity was the highest after the lowest dose of APAP, while after the highest dose it was equal to the control value. TRI increased both the cytochrome P450 content and the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity. When TRI was combined with APAP, both these parameters increased in the first hours of observation, but they returned to the control values at 24 h. When APAP was given at 250 mg/kg, GSH levels decreased to 55% of the control at 8 h and returned to the control values at 24 h. The higher doses of APAP decreased GSH levels more than the lowest dose, but after 24 h GSH levels did not differ from those of the control. When TRI was given at 250 mg/kg, the GSH levels decreased to 68% of the control at 2 h and then they increased gradually and tended to exceed the control values at 48 h. The effect of TRI combined with APAP on the level of GSH was virtually the same as that of APAP alone given at 500 mg/kg.     

Effect of insulin on the myocardium of the active, hibernating and wakening ground squirrel Citellus undulatus

The effect of insulin (0.1-100 nM) on isometric force of contraction in isolated ground squirrel papillary muscle was investigated. In summer, autumn and winter active animals, insulin had a negative inotropic effect on papillary muscles, decreasing the amplitude of contraction by about 30% of the control value. In some cases, predominantly in the summer group of animals, insulin produced different effects on contractility: low doses (0.1-0.5 nM) caused a transient activation of isometric contraction by about 10-15% of control, whereas high doses produced a negative inotropic effect by about 30% of the control level. During deep hibernation (at 5-6 degrees C of heart temperature) and during arousal from hibernation (from 3 to 20 degrees C), insulin had no significant effect on contractility. Opposite inotropic effects of insulin at concentrations of 0.1-50 nM were found during arousal: from 26 to 31 degrees C of heart temperature--a positive inotropic effect by about 20-25% of control, and from 32 to 36 degrees C--a negative one by about 30-40% of the control value.     

儿童过敏性紫癜发病的危险因素研究

为了探讨儿童过敏性紫癜发病的危险因素,本研究选取了2015年7月至2017年6月在本院治疗的过敏性紫癜患儿118例作为观察组研究对象,同时选取健康正常儿童120例作为对照组,调查分析两组微生物感染、食物过敏、药物过敏史等资料,同时观察治疗疗效。研究显示,观察组的幽门螺杆菌(Hp)、肺炎支原体、链球菌感染率和螨虫阳性率分别为61.02%、16.10%、10.17%和13.56%,明显高于对照组(p<0.05);观察组对牛奶、鸡蛋、虾过敏的比例分别为9.32%、11.02%和8.47%,明显高于对照组(p<0.05);观察组有药物过敏史、家中饲养猫、狗等动物、家中近3个月装修的比例为22.88%、45.76%和17.80%,明显高于对照组(p<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,Hp感染是发生过敏性紫癜的危险因素(OR=1.613, p<0.05);Hp感染和无Hp感染患者治疗疗效差异比较无统计学意义(p>0.05)。本研究表明,Hp感染可能是儿童过敏性紫癜发生的影响因素,但Hp感染对治疗疗效无明显影响。     

用黄瓜花叶病毒卫星RNA生防制剂大面积防治麦茬辣椒病毒病

用黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）卫星ＲＮＡ生防制剂Ｓ＿（５２）免疫辣椒,能防治辣椒由ＣＭＶ引起的病毒病。用Ｓ＿（５２）免疫接种辣椒的大田对比试验,防效达５９．５－７１．０％,产量比对照增加２６．１－３２．２％,产值增加３３．５－４５．２％。小区对比试验,用Ｓ＿（５２）免疫接种５０天的辣椒,防效达７１．３－９２．９％,免疫接种８０天,防效达５５．９－７８．５％,产量比对照增加３６．０－６５．３％,产值增加４９．３－９３．５％,还有刺激生长,促进早熟和增强对真菌、细菌病害抵抗作用。     

Immunosuppression by spleen cells from Moloney leukemia. Comparison of the suppressive effect on antibody response and on mitogen-induced response.

The inhibitory effect of cells from leukemic spleens on the immune functions of normal lymphocytes was studied. Suppressor cells were obtained as the nonadherent fraction (NA) from splenic tumors of mice infected with MuLV-Moloney. This fraction (NA MuLV- M) contained less than 10% membrane Ig-positive (Ig+) cells, 45 to 60% theta-positive cells (theta+) and 40 to 50% naught cells (theta-, Ig-). Similarly prepared fractions from normal control spleens (NAc) containing 75 to 90% theta+cells and less than 10% Ig+ and naught cells were utilized in control cultures. Addition of the NA MuLV- M cells into cultures (Marbrook system) of normal spleen cells with sheep red blood cells suppressed the specific antibody response determined by the number of hemolytic plaque forming cells (PFC). The PFC response was significantly suppressed at a suppressor cell to responder cell ratio of 1:100, and was completely abolished at a ratio of 1:10 or higher. The control NAc fraction showed some inhibitory effect only at high suppressor to responder ratios (1:2 or 1:1). In contrast, the suppressive effect of NAMuLV-M on mitogen-induced 3H-thymidine incorporation in normal B and T cells was much weaker. Very little, if any, suppression occurred at the ratio of 1:100 or 1:10, however, about 50% decrease in DNA synthesis was observed at the ratio 1:2 or 1:1. On the basis of this differential suppressive effect, it is suggested that leukemic spleen cells can suppress the function of immunocompetent cells by more than one mechanism.