鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株基因组cDNA克隆的序列修饰*

将鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株全基因组cDNA克隆通过酶切切下包含T7启动子区域和转录载体的片段,将其自身环化后获得约6.5kb的质粒。设计引物,利用基因定点突变技术,在此质粒上T7启动子与NDV Leader序列之间突变插入额外的3个G碱基,将此突变最终引入到原基因组cDNA克隆中。应用RT-PCR技术从尿囊液中扩增NDV基因组F/HN基因区域部分片段,利用限制性内切酶BsmB I将扩增片段连接,最终将原cDNA克隆中相应片段替换下。测序结果表明,原基因组cDNA克隆中特定位置碱基     

表达新城疫病毒F48E8株血凝素-神经氨酸酶的重组鸡痘病毒的构建和鉴定

在克隆和鉴定新城疫病毒（NDV）F48E8株血凝素－神经氨酸酶（HN）基因的基础上,应用分子克隆技术将HN基因导入鸡痘病毒插入载体pFG1175－1中启动子P7．5的下游,得到携带NDV-HN基因的质粒pFGHN1175－1。将此质粒pFGHN1175－1以脂质体转染中国鸡痘病毒疫苗株282E4株感染3～4h的鸡胚成纤维细胞,采用蓝斑筛选方法纯化3次,得到稳定的重组鸡痘病毒。用NDV—HN基因特异性探针进行斑点杂交试验以及用HN基因特异性引物作PCR检测,表明NDV—HN基因已插入鸡痘病毒基因组中。以NDV－HN蛋白特异性单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验,证实重组鸡痘病毒在感染细胞中表达了HN糖蛋白,从而成功建立了表达新城疫病毒F48E8株血凝素-神经氨酸酶的重组鸡痘病毒。     

重组hIL-12病毒在Sf9细胞传代中遗传稳定性的研究

将含重组白细胞介素12(hIL-12)的杆状病毒(Ac-hIL12)经空斑纯化后,在草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞中进行连续无稀释传代到P55代,收集被P15、P25、P35、P45、P55代重组病毒感染的细胞,抽提胞内病毒(ICV)DNA.根据重组病毒构建的原理,在P35 cDNA和P40 cDNA的3′末段设计一对引物进行PCR,扩增出了包括P35 cDNA、Polyhedrin启动子、P10启动子和P40 cDNA序列在内的全长约2.0kb片段,克隆至T Vector进行序列测定后发现,在第P15、P25和P35代所扩增出的序列没有发生任何突变.但在P45代,P35cDNA中就有3个碱基发生了点突变(461T→C,517A→G以及630C→T),Polyhedrin启动子的+1位后插入了一个碱基T,P40 cDNA与P10启动子区(230bp)没有变化;而第P55代除了以上碱基突变以外,P10启动子区-168位的G替换突变为T, -136与-135位之间插入一个碱基T,以及-122位缺失一个碱基T.以上结果表明杆状病毒在体外细胞连续传代过程中可导致外源基因本身的突变.     

EphA3基因启动子区域定位表达及活性分析

目的构建含有不同长度EphA3基因启动子片段的报告基因载体,研究其在293T细胞和MEF细胞中的转录活性。方法以Balb／C小鼠基因组DNA为模板,扩增不同长度的EphA3基因启动子片段,并克隆进入荧光素酶报告基因质粒pGL3-Basic真核表达载体内。酶切鉴定及基因测序无误后,将重组质粒和pRL—CMV内对照质粒共转染293T和MEF细胞,分析不同长度的OhA3基因启动子片段的转录活性。结果酶切和测序鉴定表明表达载体构建成功,EphA3基因的核心启动子区域位于-279bp～＋110bp之间,在293T细胞和MEF细胞中其转录活性相似。结论成功构建了荧光素报告基因重组质粒,并确定了BphA3基因的核心启动子区域。     

重组hIL—12病毒在Sf9细胞传代中遗传稳定性的研究

将含重组白细胞介素12(hIL—12)的杆状病毒(Ac—hIL12)经空斑纯化后,在草地贪夜蛾Sf9细胞中进行连续无稀释传代到P55代,收集被P15、P25、P35、P45、P55代重组病毒感染的细胞,抽提胞内病毒(ICV)DNA。根据重组病毒构建的原理,在P35cDNA和P40 cDNA的3′末段设计一对引物进行PCR,扩增出了包括P35cDNA、Polyhedrin启动子、P10启动子和P40 cDNA序列在内的全长约2．0kb片段,克隆至T Vector进行序列测定后发现,在第PmP25和P35代所扩增出的序列没有发生任何突变。但在P45代,P35 cDNA中就有3个碱基发生了点突变(461T→C,517A→G以及630C→T),Polyhedrin启动子的 1位后插入了一个碱基T,P40 cDNA与P10启动子区(230bp)没有变化;而第P55代除了以上碱基突变以外,P10启动子区—168位的G替换突变为T,—136与—135位之间插入一个碱基T,以及—122位缺失一个碱基T。以上结果表明杆状病毒在体外细胞连续传代过程中可导致外源基因本身的突变。     

细胞培养上新城疫病毒HN基因在抗体免疫选择压作用下的抗原表位变异

本实验研究了抗体免疫选择压对新城疫病毒（NDV）HN基因和F基因变异的影响。将NDV野毒株TZ060107分别接种到含有抗NDV的单因子血清（A组）与不含抗体的（B组）鸡胚成纤维细胞中连续传代,每组设3个独立的传代系列。分别对第10,20,30,40,50代病毒的HN和F基因进行扩增克隆测序。序列比较结果显示,有抗体A组HN基因发生突变的位点数明显多于无抗体B组,且非同义突变（NS）与同义突变（S）比值NS／S为6,明显高于无抗体B组NS／S的3.4。在有抗体A组有5个碱基位点发生稳定的非同义突变,而且其中3个（aa#353,521和568）与已知的抗原表位密切相关。F基因在有抗体A组也出现2个稳定的非同义突变,无抗体B组没有产生稳定变异。但不论在有抗体A组还是无抗体B组,F基因变异的NS／S比均小于2.5。本研究表明,抗体免疫选择压可显著影响HN基因变异,但对F基因变异的影响小于HN基因。     

棉铃虫核多角体病毒进化保守性基因iap2基因表达载体的构建及表达

分析棉铃虫核多角体病毒基因组 ,结合GenBank中已知的序列 ,发现iap2基因位于其基因组的BamHⅠ F片段上 ,回收此片段作为模板 ,设计引物 ,通过PCR扩增得到了抗细胞凋亡基因iap2的DNA片段。将扩增产物克隆到pGEM T载体上 ,再进一步将插入片段酶切并连接到表达载体pET 2 8a上 ,构建了重组质粒pET iap2。DNA序列分析结果表明 ,克隆得到的DNA序列与所发表序列完全相同。含重组质粒pET iap2的大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)表达了抗细胞凋亡蛋白IAP2。     

表达鸡新城疫病毒F、HN基因和传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因的重组鸡痘病毒的构建及其特性研究

利用同源重组将新城疫病毒(NDV)的F和HN基因、传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)的gB基因以及报告基因LacZ插入鸡痘病毒(FPV)的017株的复制非必需区,其中NDV的F、HN基因、ILTV的gB基因以及报告基因LacZ是在早晚期启动子LP2EP2的控制下,大肠杆菌报告基因LacZ在晚期启动子P11的控制下。经过10轮蓝斑纯化获得了包含了NDV的F和HN基因、ILTV的gB基因以及报告基因LacZ的重组鸡痘病毒,称为rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ。经PCR方法证明rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ基因组中含有NDV的F基因、HN基因和ILTVgB基因;间接免疫荧光试验和Western-blot试验表明NDV的F、HN蛋白和ILTVgB蛋白在rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ感染的CEF细胞中获得表达。与亲本毒相比,重组病毒在病毒的复制和致鸡胚成纤维细胞的病变方面无显著不同。这证明了在鸡痘病毒载体的一个复制非必需区可以同时插入多个禽类病原的多个外源基因,为制备多价基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。     

共表达新城疫病毒F基因和H9亚型禽流感病毒HA基因的重组鸡痘病毒

应用RT PCR扩增出新城疫病毒F4 8E8株融合蛋白 (F)基因 ,将其克隆入pGEM Teasyvector构建重组质粒pGEM TF并进行测序确证。分别从pGEM T和pUCHA切下F基因和H9亚型禽流感病毒F株 (A chicken china F 1 998)血凝素 (HA)基因 ,通过一系列分子生物学操作步骤插入到质粒pFPV7S中的鸡痘病毒基因组复制非必需片段构建重组质粒p7SHF ,其中F基因和HA基因分别由鸡痘病毒启动子PE L和合成启动子PS调控。最后将P1 1 LacZ报告基因表达盒插入质粒p7SHF获得转移载体pFPVHF ,用以转染已预先感染鸡痘病毒 2 82E4疫苗株的鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF)。通过在含有X Gal的营养琼脂上连续挑选蓝色病毒蚀斑获得并纯化重组病毒。PCR和Southernblot检测证实了F基因和HA基因已插入鸡痘病毒的基因组 ;间接免疫荧光试验结果表明重组病毒能够同时正确表达HA和F蛋白。     

表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的构建

为探讨鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)作为载体表达外源基因的可行性,本研究根据IBV H120疫苗株的全基因组序列设计引物,采用RT-PCR方法分10个片段对其基因组进行扩增,并克隆至pMD19-T载体中;同时构建IBV基因组5a基因编码区被增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因替换的重组质粒。采用体外拼接策略,将BsaI酶切处理的10个基因片段顺序连接,构建5a基因编码区被EGFP基因替换的基因组全长cDNA,其5’端具有完整的T7 RNA聚合酶启动子核心序列,3’端具有polyA尾巴结构。然后通过T7 RNA聚合酶体外转录系统合成病毒基因组RNA,脂质体转染BHK-21细胞进行病毒拯救。结果表明成功的从基因组全长cDNA拯救出重组病毒H120-5a/EGFP株,其在鸡胚中能有效的复制和传代,并表达绿色荧光蛋白;5a基因的缺失并不影响病毒对鸡胚的致病性。本研究为进一步开展IBV的分子致病机理、载体疫苗等研究奠定了基础。     

Rescue and preliminary application of a recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing green fluorescent protein gene

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain, seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI, which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain. The pNDV/ZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCIneoNP, pCIneoP and pCIneoL, were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock, an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP. After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells, the recombinant NDV, NDV/ZJIGFP, was rescued. Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection, indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level. NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route. Four days post-infection, strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae, indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.     

Rescue and Preliminary Application of a Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Green Fluorescent Protein Gene

Based on the complete genome sequence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) ZJI strain, seven pairs of primers were designed to amplify a cDNA fragment for constructing the plasmid pNDV/ZJI, which contained the full-length cDNA of the NDV ZJI strain. The pNDV/ZJI, with three helper plasmids, pCIneoNP, pCIneoP and pCIneoL, were then cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cells expressing T7 RNA polymerase. After inoculation of the transfected cell culture supernatant into embryonated chicken eggs from specific-pathogen-free (SPF) flock, an infectious NDV ZJI strain was successfully rescued. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified and inserted into the NDV full-length cDNA to generate a GFP-tagged recombinant plasmid pNDV/ZJIGFP. After cotransfection of the resultant plasmid and the three support plasmids into BSR-T7/5 cells, the recombinant NDV, NDV/ZJIGFP, was rescued. Specific green fluorescence was observed in BSR-T7/5 and chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells 48h post-infection, indicating that the GFP gene was expressed at a relatively high level. NDV/ZJIGFP was inoculated into 10-day-old SPF chickens by oculonasal route. Four days post-infection, strong green fluorescence could be detected in the kidneys and tracheae, indicating that the recombinant GFP-tagged NDV could be a very useful tool for analysis of NDV dissemination and pathogenesis.     

用反向遗传技术致弱基因VIId型鹅源新城疫病毒ZJI株

将新城疫病毒ZJI株基因组cDNA全长分成7个片段,依次连接并克隆至TVT7R转录载体中,构建了含ZJI株全基因组cDNA的转录载体(pNDV/ZJI),pNDV/ZJI与3个辅助表达质粒pCI-NP、pCI-P和pCI-L共转染BSR-T7/5细胞,成功拯救出了具有感染性的新城疫病毒粒子。设计两对引物,经overlapPCR方法将该毒株F蛋白裂解位点的112、115和117位碱性氨基酸突变成弱毒株特征的非碱性氨基酸后,替换pNDV/ZJI上的对应序列,构建了转录载体pNDV/ZJIFM,将pNDV/ZJIFM与3个辅助表达质粒共转染BSR-T7/5细胞,成功拯救出了致弱的基因VIId型鹅源新城疫病毒NDV/ZJIFM,获救病毒的鸡胚最小致死剂量平均死亡时间(MDT)大于120h,同时该病毒的脑内接种致病指数(ICPI)为0.16,上述结果表明,获救病毒的毒力已被致弱,是一个较为理想的疫苗候选株。     

利用反向遗传操作技术产生ZJI株鹅源新城疫病毒

利用反向遗传操作技术,将ZJI株鹅源新城疫病毒全基因组cNDA克隆(NDV3GM122)和含该毒株NP、P及L基因的3个表达载体(pCI-NP、pCI-P与pCI-L)共转染BSR-T7/5细胞;同时,将NDV3GM122与含新城疫病毒La Sota毒株NP、P及L基因的3个表达载体(pCIneoNP、pCIneoP与pCIneoL)进行共转染。通过间接免疫荧光实验(Indiectimmunofluorescence assay,IFA)以及接种鸡胚后进行血凝(Hemagglutinin,HA)与血凝抑制(Hemagglutinininhibition,HI)试验、RT-PCR扩增和电镜观察,结果均证实全基因组cDNA克隆NDV3GM122与La Sota毒株表达载体共转染组产生了有血凝性的鹅源新城疫病毒,而NDV3GM122与ZJI株表达载体共转染组暂未检测到有血凝性的病毒。ZJI株鹅源新城疫病毒的拯救成功为对该病毒进行功能基因组研究和疫苗的研制等后续工作打下了基础。     

Loss of N-linked glycosylation from the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein alters virulence of Newcastle disease virus

The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important determinant of its virulence. We investigated the role of each of the four functional N-linked glycosylation sites (G1 to G4) of the HN glycoprotein of NDV on its pathogenicity. The N-linked glycosylation sites G1 to G4 at residues 119, 341, 433, and 481, respectively, of a moderately pathogenic NDV strain Beaudette C (BC) were eliminated individually by site-directed mutagenesis on a full-length cDNA clone of BC. A double mutant (G12) was also created by eliminating the first and second glycosylation sites at residues 119 and 341, respectively. Infectious virus was recovered from each of the cDNA clones of the HN glycoprotein mutants, employing a reverse genetics technique. There was a greater delay in the replication of G4 and G12 mutant viruses than in the parental virus. Loss of glycosylation does not affect the receptor recognition by HN glycoprotein of NDV. The neuraminidase activity of G4 and G12 mutant viruses and the fusogenicity of the G4 mutant virus were significantly lower than those of the parental virus. The fusogenicity of the double mutant virus (G12) was significantly higher than that of the parental virus. Cell surface expression of the G4 virus HN was significantly lower than that of the parental virus. The antigenic reactivities of the mutants to a panel of monoclonal antibodies against the HN protein indicated that removal of glycosylation from the HN protein increased (G1, G3, and G12) or decreased (G2 and G4) the formation of antigenic sites, depending on their location. In standard tests to assess virulence in chickens, all of the glycosylation mutants were less virulent than the parental BC virus, but the G4 and G12 mutants were the least virulent.     

Ⅰ类新城疫病毒NDV08-004株病毒拯救体系的建立

根据Ⅰ类新城疫病毒NDV08-004基因组序列(GenBank登录号FJ794269),设计7对引物,采用RT-PCR将NDV08-004基因组分段扩增(片段A～G)并分别克隆入pGEM-Teasy载体,然后采用单一的酶切位点将7个片段依次亚克隆到转录载体pOLTV5中,构建了含NDV08-004全基因组cDNA的转录载体NDV08-004-pO。采用构建的三个辅助质粒(pCI-NP、pCI-P和pCI-L)与基因组NDV08-004-pO按照2:1:1:2的比例共转染BSR T7/5细胞,结果成功拯救出具有血凝性的NDV08-004,初代分离物血凝价为4.33log2±0.58。Ⅰ类NDV反向遗传操作体系的建立为开展Ⅰ类NDV的致病机制奠定了基础。