转化生长因子—β（TGF—β）的结构

1978年,Delarco和Todar首先发现病毒转化的细胞能分泌一种具有使正常大鼠肾成纤维细胞表型发生转化能力的因子,它在表皮生长因子(EGF)存在的情况下使贴壁生长的细胞特性发生改变,获得在软琼脂培养基上生长形成克隆的能力,并失去生长密度依赖的抑制作用。因此,这种细胞因子被命名为转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)。在过去的10年中,发现TGF-β实际上是一种具有多种生物学功能的细胞因     

蛋白质中较频繁发生的β发夹结构（β—Hairpins）模式──蛋白质超二级结构（MOTIF）研究（Ⅲ）

分析了２４０个分辨率在２．５Ａ以上的高精度蛋白结构,研究了α螺旋和β折叠的连接短肽中的β发夹结构模式。首先对较频繁发生的超二级结构组中的Ｅ－ｌｏｏｐ－Ｅ进行了分析,对每一种β回折结构的氢键长度进行了计算,然后将其模型化。在对β发夹模型化的分析中,同时考虑了连接短肽的长度和氢健模式两个因素。找出了在２４０个蛋白样本库中较常发生的β发夹结构的模式,该结果对结构比较模型、Ｘ衍射晶体结构的解析,以及β发夹     

蛋白质中较频繁发生的β发夹结构（β—Hairpins）模式──蛋白质超二级结构（MOTIF）研究（Ⅲ）

分析了２４０个分辨率在２．５Ａ以上的高精度蛋白结构,研究了α螺旋和β折叠的连接短肽中的β发夹结构模式。首先对较频繁发生的超二级结构组中的Ｅ—ｌｏｏｐ—Ｅ［１］（即β回折结构－βＴｕｒｎ）进行了分析,对每一种β回折结构的氢键长度进行了计算,然后将其模型化。在对β发夹模型化的分析中,同时考虑了连接短肽的长度和氢键模式两个因素。找出了在２４０个蛋白样本库中较常发生的β发夹结构的模式。该结果对结构比较模型、Ｘ衍射晶体结构的解析,以及β发夹结构的预测有一定意义。     

恶臭假单胞菌SJTE-1中氧化17β-雌二醇的17β-羟甾类脱氢酶2及其转录调控因子AraC的鉴定（英文）

[目的]假单胞菌SJTE-1可高效转化17β-雌二醇,但其代谢机制尚不清楚。本文鉴定和表征了该菌株中参与雌二醇降解与调控过程的17β-羟甾类脱氢酶2 (17β-HSD2)和转录调控因子AraC。[方法]我们通过荧光定量PCR分析了17β-hsd2和araC的转录水平;我们在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株中异源表达了17β-HSD2和AraC基因,并利用金属离子亲和层析法纯化获得了重组蛋白;我们体外表征了17β-HSD2的酶学性质,利用高效液相色谱鉴定了其产物;通过电泳迁移转移法和DNase酶I足迹试验,我们鉴定了重组蛋白AraC的结合能力与结合位点。[结果]17β-HSD2和AraC可被17β-雌二醇诱导表达;蛋白序列比对结果表明17β-HSD2含有短链脱氢酶/还原酶(SDR)和β-羟甾类脱氢酶的保守结构与残基。该酶以NAD+为辅助因子,在C_(17)位点氧化17β-雌二醇,其K_m值为0.082 mmol/L,V_(max)值为56.26±0.02μmol/(min·mg);5 min内可转化97.4%以上的雌二醇。转录调控因子AraC可直接结合17β-hsd2基因启动子区的特异位点;雌二醇与雌酮可解除这一结合,启动17β-hsd2基因转录;过表达AraC蛋白可抑制17β-hsd2的转录。[结论]假单胞菌SJTE-1的17β-羟甾类脱氢酶2可高效催化17β-雌二醇转化,并受到转录因子AraC的直接调控。本工作可推进细菌的雌激素降解酶学机制与调控网络研究。     

重组别藻蓝蛋白β亚基（His-β~（APC））表达菌株遗传稳定性的研究

工程菌株的遗传稳定性在目的产物的生产应用中至关重要。为了确定工程菌株的遗传稳定性,通过对重组别藻蓝蛋白β亚基（His-βAPC）生产菌株E.coliJM109（DE23）/pET28α-βAPC进行了菌体生长量的测定,平板划线,质粒酶切,产物鉴定等研究,检验了该工程菌质粒的稳定性。通过实验得到如下结果：该工程菌株在没有抗生素选择压力下传代,质粒丢失率为5代6%,10代8%,15代9%,20代15%;该菌株经固体平板连续划线传代20次后,菌落大小和形态基本不变;质粒经BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切后进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果显示该菌株携带的重组质粒目的片段在传代前后没有发生变化;经诱导培养后,His-βAPC在原代和第5、10、15和20代宿主菌中都可以表达,表达量没有明显差别,且表达产物在SDS-PAGE中的带型基本一致。以上结果表明,该工程菌质粒具有结构稳定性和分裂不稳定性。     

17β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶

17β－羟基类固醇脱氢酶（17β HSD）为性激素合成中最后步骤的酶,催化氧化或还原反应,其作用是在受体前调节性激素的局部水平。各型17β HSD在体内有其特有的区域性分布,分布的特点与各自的功能有着密切的关系。17β HSD结构和功能的异常与一些疾病,如肿瘤、假两性等的发生有密切关系。     

β乳球蛋白基因（βlg）的表达调控及其应用

β乳球蛋白（BLG）是反刍动物乳汁中的主要乳清蛋白,BLG表达受到βlg核心启动子,LCR,MAR等顺式作用元件和激素,转录因子等反式作用因子的调控,利用βlg启动子已在乳腺成功表达外源基因,但乳腺组织特异性表达外源基因时尚存在异位表达,差异表达,表达水平低和表达受位置效应影响等问题,构建表达载体时充分考虑βlg启动子和远端调控元件,有可能使上源基因获得,高效,特异的表达。     

转化生长因子－β（TGF－β）受体及其信号传递

转化生长因子－β（ＴＧＦ－β）受体及其信号传递虞冠华,葛锡锐,姚（中国科学院上海细胞生物学研究所上海２０００３１）转化生长因子－β（ＴｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｇＧｒｏｗｔｈＦａｃｔｏｒ－β,ＴＧＦ－β）是具有多种生物学功能的细胞生长因子,其信号通过细胞表...     

（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯的微生物法合成

采用酿酒酵母CGMCC No．2266菌体,不对称还原β-羰基苯丙酸乙酯制备光学纯（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯。结果表明：采用初始pH为8．0的液体发酵培养基培养的CGMCCNo．2266菌体经过50℃预热处理30min后用于生物转化获得的（S）-（-）-G-羟基苯丙酸乙酯对映体过剩值可以达到100％ee。确定了合成（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯的较佳转化条件为pH7．0,温度30℃,转化时间24h,底物浓度为3．63mmol／L,菌体用量为86g/L（干重／反应体积）。以10％葡萄糖为辅助底物,产率比不加辅助底物时提高了75．4％。在最佳转化条件下反应转化率及（S）-（-）-β-羟基苯丙酸乙酯对映体过剩值可分别达到98．4％和100％ee。     

家蚕表达人表皮生长因子gp67信号肽融合蛋白及生物活性的研究

人表皮生长因子(hEGF), 一种由53个氨基酸残基组成的单链多肽, 具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要探讨家蚕表达人表皮生长因子gp67信号肽融合蛋白的生物活性。采用家蚕杆状病毒表达系统来表达该信号肽融合蛋白。构建了重组质粒pBacPAKS-hEGF, 将该重组质粒与线性化病毒Bm-BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕细胞, 筛选获得重组病毒vBacPAK-SEGF, 用vBacPAK-SEGF感染家蚕BmN细胞和五龄蚕, Western blot检测表明在家蚕细胞、五岭幼虫的血淋巴和蛹中均有约12 kD的目的蛋白表达。ELISA检测发现在家蚕细胞中的表达量为23 mg/ 106细胞, 五龄幼虫中的表达量可达到82 mg/mL血淋巴。利用小鼠成纤维细胞Balb/c3T3分析家蚕表达的hEGF信号肽融合蛋白的生物活性, 结果表明表达产物能显著促进Balb/c3T3细胞的增值。另外, 研究还发现hEGF信号肽融合蛋白可使新生ICR小鼠体重增 加, 睁眼和萌齿时间提前。本研究为进一步开发利用家蚕表达的hEGF提供理论基础。     

Expression of EGFP-spider dragline silk fusion protein in BmN cells and larvae of silkworm showed the solubility is primary limit for dragline proteins yield

Spider dragline silk is a unique fibrous protein with combination of tensile strength and elasticity, but the isolation of large amount of silk from spiders is not feasible. In this paper, we used a newly established Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV Baculovirus expression system to express the recombinant spider (Nephila clavata) dragline silk protein (MaSp1) fused EGFP in BmN cells and larvae of silkworm. A 70 kDa fusion protein was visualized after rBacmid/BmNPV/drag infection by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analysis. Fusion protein expressed in the BmN cells probably occupied five percent of the cell total protein; In a silkworm larva, approximately 6 mg fusion proteins were expressed. Solubility analysis of the expressed spider dragline silk protein indicated that 60% fusion protein is insoluble. EGFP fluorescence showed that fusion protein is tend to form aggregate by self assemblage. The results indicated the solubility is the primary limit for spider dragline proteins yield. It also suggested that directly produce fibrous spider silk in the secreting-silk organs of the transgenic silkworm larvae might be a better method.     

Expression of enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism in human prostate.

There is evidence that estrogens can directly modulate human prostate cell activity. It has also been shown that cultured human prostate cancer LNCaP can synthesize the active estrogen estradiol (E2). To elucidate the metabolism of estrogens in the human prostate, we have studied the expression of enzymes involved in the formation and inactivation of estrogens at the cellular level. 17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) types 1, 2, 4, 7, and 12, as well as aromatase mRNA and protein expressions, were studied in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. For 17beta-HSD type 4, only in situ hybridization studies were performed. Identical results were obtained with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. All the enzymes studied were shown to be expressed in both epithelial and stromal cells, with the exception of 17beta-HSD types 4 and 7, which were detected only in the epithelial cells. On the basis of our previous results, showing that 3beta-HSD and 17beta-HSD type 5 are expressed in human prostate, and of the present data, it can be concluded that the human prostate expresses all the enzymes involved in the conversion of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to E2. The local biosynthesis of E2 might be involved in the development and/or progression of prostate pathology such as BPH and prostate cancer through modulation of estrogen receptors, which are also expressed in epithelial and stromal cells.     

High-frequency homologous recombination between baculoviruses involves DNA replication

We determined the frequency of DNA recombination between Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedroviruses (BmNPVs) and between BmNPV and the closely related Autographa californica NPV (AcMNPV) in BmN cells, Sf-21 cells, and larvae of Heliothis virescens. The BmN cells were coinfected with two BmNPVs, one with a mutation at the polyhedrin gene (polh) locus and a second carrying a lacZ gene marker cassette. Eleven different BmNPV mutants carrying the lacZ gene marker at various distances (1.4 to 61.7 kb) from polh were used for the coinfections. The Sf-21 cells and larvae of H. virescens were coinfected with wild-type AcMNPV and 1 of the 11 lacZ-marked BmNPV mutants. In BmN cells, high-frequency recombination was detected as early as 15 h postcoinfection but not at 12 h postcoinfection. At 18 h postcoinfection, the mean frequency of recombination ranged between 20.0 and 35.4% when the polh and lacZ marker genes were separated by at least 9.7 kb. When these marker genes were separated by only 1.4 kb, the mean frequency of recombination was 2.7%. In BmN cells, the mean recombination frequency between two BmNPVs increased only marginally when the multiplicity of infection of each virus was increased 10-fold. In Sf-21 cells and the larvae of H. virescens, the recombination frequency between BmNPV and AcMNPV was 相似文献   

家蚕类泛素化翻译后修饰蛋白NEDD8的cDNA克隆、表达分析和亚细胞定位

【目的】NEDD8是一种重要的蛋白质翻译后修饰蛋白,对底物蛋白的功能具有重要的调节作用。本研究旨在探索家蚕Bombyx mori中NEDD8的功能。【方法】利用RT-PCR技术,从家蚕Bm N细胞中克隆了家蚕NEDD8完整的开放阅读框。通过实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测家蚕NEDD8在不同发育阶段、5龄第3天幼虫不同组织中以及Bm NPV感染Bm N细胞后的相对表达量。通过构建GFP融合表达的重组Bm NPV(B.mori nucleopolyherovirus)感染家蚕Bm N细胞,在共聚焦显微镜下观察NEDD8在细胞中分布情况,用GFP抗体进行Western blot验证。【结果】克隆获得了NEDD8基因。序列分析表明,家蚕NEDD8高度保守,与家蚕泛素蛋白氨基酸序列一致性最高。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,NEDD8在家蚕的不同组织中均有表达,其中头部中表达量最高,其次是丝腺中,而在精巢和卵巢中表达量最低;在家蚕5龄第3天幼虫始到化蛹后第3天NEDD8的表达量开始逐渐增加,化蛾后降至低水平;在家蚕杆状病毒感染Bm N细胞的早期和极晚期NEDD8的表达量都有明显增加。GFP-NEDD8融合表达定位显示NEDD8在Bm N细胞内普遍存在,分布于整个细胞中,并且在感染48 h后存在细胞质内的聚集现象。【结论】NEDD8编码序列在物种间高度保守;NEDD8在家蚕幼虫头部中表达量最高,在化蛹阶段表达量逐渐增加;NEDD8在Bm N细胞内普遍存在并且可能与参与Bm NPV复制。本研究所得结果为进一步研究NEDD8在家蚕中的生物学功能及修饰底物蛋白的作用机制奠定了基础。     

Expression of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma</Emphasis><Emphasis Type="Italic">viride</Emphasis> endoglucanase III in the larvae of silkworm, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombyx mori L.</Emphasis> and characteristic analysis of the recombinant protein

Endoglucanase is a part of cellulase which hydrolyzes cellulose into glucose. In this study, we cloned endoglucanase III (EG III) gene from Trichoderma viride strain AS 3.3711 using a PCR-based exon splicing method, and expressed EG III recombinant protein in both silkworm BmN cell line and silkworm larvae with an improved Bac-to-Bac/BmNPV mutant baculovirus expression system, which lacks the chiA and v-cath genes of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). The result showed that around 45 kDa protein was visualized in BmN cells at 48 h after the second generation recombinant mBacmid/BmNPV/EG III baculovirus infection. The enzymes from recombinant baculoviruses infected silkworms exhibited significant maximum enzyme activity at the environmental condition of pH 8.0 and temperature 50°C, and increased 20.94 and 19.13% compared with that from blank mBacmid/BmNPV baculoviruses infected silkworms and normal silkworms, respectively. It was stable at pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 and at temperature range from 40 to 60°C. It provided a possibility to generate transgenic silkworms expressing bio-active cellulase, which can catabolize dietary fibers more efficiently, and it might be of great significance for sericulture industry.     

人白细胞介素-11基因在家蚕培养细胞和虫体内的表达

将缺少编码信号肽序列的人白细胞介素－11（hIL-11)546核苷酸cDNA,重组于质粒pBacPAK8构建重组转移载体pBacIL-11,与经线性化修饰的家蚕核型多角体病毒（BmBacPAK)DNA共转染家蚕培养细胞株BmN,获得了插入hIL-11基因的重组病毒。Southern杂交表明重组病毒基因组中含有hIL-11基因片段,RNA斑点杂交表明hIL-11基因得到了转录。重组病毒感BmN细胞株、家蚕幼虫和蛹,在细胞培养上清、细胞抽提物、幼虫和蛹的体液样品中,SDS－PAGE电泳分析都能检测得到表达产物的特异性条带;采用IL－11依赖细胞株B9－11和MTT法测定表达产物的生物活性,表明rIL-11基因分别在培养细胞和蚕体内得到了高效表达。     

Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: overproduction using a baculovirus expression system and characterization

Estrogenic 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of estrogens. We overproduced human placental estrogenic 17β-HSD using a baculovirus expression system for the study of the enzyme mechanism. A cDNA encoding the entire open reading frame of human 17β-HSD was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. Metabolic labeling and Western blot analysis using polyclonal antibodies raised against native human 17β-HSD indicated that a molecule with an apparent mass of 35 kDa was maximally expressed 60 h after infection. At that time interval, intracellular 17β-HSD activity reached 0.26 U/mg of protein in crude homogenate, about 70 times the level measured in human placenta. Purification of recombinant 17β-HSD was achieved by a single affinity fast liquid protein chromatography step yielding 24 mg of purified 17β-HSD protein per liter of suspension culture, with a specific activity of about 8 μmol/min/mg of protein for conversion of estradiol into estrone, at pH 9.2. In addition, the recombinant protein purified from infected Sf9 cells was assembled as a dimer with molecular mass and specific activity identical to those of the enzyme purified directly from placenta. The present data show that the baculovirus expression system can provide active 17β-HSD that is functionally identical to its natural counterpart and easy to purify in quantities suitable for its physico-chemical studies.