不同水温处理对夏季黄瓜穴盘育苗的影响

为降低夏季黄瓜穴盘育苗中第一雌花节位,以"优胜F1"为材料,以浇灌常温水(22℃水)为对照,设7℃、11℃、15℃的水温和常温水+乙烯利4个处理浇灌黄瓜幼苗,研究不同浇灌水温对黄瓜幼苗第一雌花节位和生长发育的影响。结果表明:和常温水相比,冷水处理黄瓜幼苗能显著降低第一雌花节位、增加壮苗指数,在四叶一心时,7℃的水温处理株高显著降低24%、茎粗显著增加10%,第一雌花节位为4.8;11℃的水温处理单株干物质积累增加14%,第一雌花节位为5.6,且两者第一雌花节位皆显著低于常温水+乙烯利处理。从经济投入上考虑,11℃的水温处理更适合应用于夏季穴盘育苗。     

磁处理对大棚春黄瓜早期产量的影响

磁处理可以显著地提高大棚春黄瓜的早期产量,降低第一雌花节位。其中,400mT的磁水浇灌黄瓜幼苗,可提高早期产量26.78％,降低雌花节位0.7节;用200mT的磁场一次处理萌动种子也有较明显的增产效果,但增产幅度不如磁水灌溉。     

磁处理对大棚春黄瓜早期产量的影响

磁处理可以显地提高大棚春黄瓜的早期产量,降低第一雌花节位。其中,400mT的磁水浇灌黄瓜幼苗,可提高早期产量26．78％,降低雌花节位0．7节;用200mT的磁场一次处理萌动种子也有较明显的增产效果,但增产幅度不如磁水灌溉。     

6-BA和氨基酸对黄瓜子叶离体培养成花的影响

在基本培养基的筛选中,1/2MS培养基中附加0.10 mg·L-16-BA能显著提高离体黄瓜子叶的开花率,White培养基中附加2.00mg·L-1的KT下开花率也有明显提高,但植株矮小、瘦弱,整株变黄,甚至透明化,长势极差.浓度在一定范围的6-BA(0.01～0.50mg·L-1)对黄瓜子叶开花率影响不大,但在高浓度(0.50 mg·L-1)下,植株生长势差,开花迟,低浓度(0.01 mg·L-1)下,生长势较好.相同浓度的L-丙氨酸和L-酪氨酸均明显促进黄瓜子叶开花,且开花早;而甘氨酸对黄瓜子叶开花则有一定的抑制,开花率低.     

低营养条件下Paclobutrazol(PP333)对黄瓜去顶幼苗直接形成花芽的影响(简报)

植物开花机理是生物学中的一个基本问题,多年来人们进行过许多的研究,积累了大量的事实,然而对开花的机理仍然还不甚清楚。因而在利用原有实验系统的同时,有必要寻找更多简单,又便于分析的实验系统。Jullien等报告离体培养的大豆子叶节能直接产生花芽。我们在建立离体培养黄瓜子叶直接单独形成雄花或雌花的实验系统的过程中,发现黄瓜幼苗去除顶芽后在子叶节处也能直接形成花芽。这一现象有可能用于深入研究各营养器官和花启动间关系等问题,定将     

黄瓜试管苗开花初报

近年来组织培养报道的品种很多,但植物组织培养成苗并在瓶内开花的研究报道还比较少,笔者就黄瓜在瓶内离体培养并开花进行小试验,这种方法对黄瓜的开花生理研究具有一定的意义。     

黄瓜花原基的形成及与Ca~(2+)的关系

以黄瓜为试验材料研究了肉眼可见的花原基突起之前 ,花原基早期的分化过程。结果显示花原基分化和开花的起始节位是第一真叶节 ;肉眼可见花原基突起前早期的分化是在叶腋亚表皮部位形成一个球形的花原基起始细胞团 ,此细胞团进一步分裂、扩大形成肉眼可见的花原基突起 ;第一真叶节的花原基起始细胞团分化集中发生于 6～ 7d苗龄时期 ;Ca2 + 在花原基起始细胞团细胞中主要分布在细胞壁和细胞间隙 ,而在非起始细胞团的叶腋亚表皮细胞则主要分布在液泡中 ,并对Ca2 + 在花原基起始细胞团分化中的作用进行了讨论。     

黄瓜花原基的形成及与Ca^2＋的关系

以黄瓜为试验材料研究了肉眼可见的花原基突起之前,花原基早期的分化过程。结果显示花原基分化和开花的起始节位是第一真叶节;肉眼可见花原基突起前早期的分化是在叶腋亚表皮部位形成一个球形的花原基起始细胞团,此细胞团进一步分裂、扩大形成肉眼可见的花原基突起;第一真叶节的花原基起始细胞团分化集中发生于6—7d苗龄时期;Ca^2 在花原基起始细胞团细胞中主要分布在细胞壁和细胞间隙,而在非起始细胞团的叶腋亚表皮细胞则主要分布在液泡中,并对Ca^2 在花原基起始细胞团分化中的作用进行了讨论。     

黄瓜生长素结合蛋白cDNA片段的克隆及其表达

以黄瓜子房 (幼果 )RNA为模板 ,应用逆转录 聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR) ,首次扩增出黄瓜生长素结合蛋白基因 (ABP1)cDNA片段 ,并进行测序和同源性分析。对ABP1基因在黄瓜子房 (幼果 )中的mRNA表达水平作了初步探讨 ,结果表明 ,该基因在开花前 1d的子房中表达信号较弱 ,在授粉后 2、4和 6d的幼果中表达增强 ;开花后 2d未经授粉的子房中 ,绿而膨大、能形成单性结实果者信号较强 ,黄而萎蔫、不能形成果实者信号较弱。Southern杂交结果表明 ,黄瓜生长素结合蛋白为小基因家族编码     

几个板栗株系的开花结果习性比较分析

采用在美国育成的几个株系,并以常见的本地栽培品种‘桂花香’作对照,对刚进入结果幼树的枝梢开花习性,枝梢生长情况与开花坐果关系,以及树冠不同部位的枝梢开花与坐果进行调查分析。结果表明：对全部参试材料而言,末级梢的长、粗度区间分别以20．0～59．9cm和0．5～1．49cm的雌花量和坐果数较高;株系95—1—26和95—1-9雌花着生部位较其它3个株系或品种的节位高出一倍以上,其平均着生节位与末级梢平均节位基本上相等;从树冠立体分布上看,其外围和树冠上部水平方向中膛结果数较多,但对于每个株系来说,又存在一定的差异。以上研究结果对幼年结果树的枝梢培养、树体的整形修剪,以及达到早期丰产具有实践指导意义。     

黄瓜离体子叶节花芽和营养芽分化中CFL基因的表达

CFL基因是从黄瓜中克隆到的拟南芥LEAFY(LFY)同源基因.以离体黄瓜子叶培养物成花为实验体系,利用mRNA原位杂交技术对CFL基因在花芽和营养芽分化过程中的时空表达进行了分析.结果如下:在花芽分化过程中,CFL基因在花原基形成、花器官原基分化及各轮花器官形成之初强表达,在花器官形成以后表达减弱或不表达;在营养芽分化过程中,CFL基因在分生组织、叶原基和幼叶中有明显表达,在成熟组织中不表达.结果说明CFL基因的表达在黄瓜子叶节花芽和营养芽分化中原基的分化形成是必需的.结果提示CFL基因可能参与细胞分裂调控和启动、营养性分生组织向花分生组织转变等过程.     

黄瓜子叶节离体培养物花分化Ca^2＋敏感期的研究（简报）

Cotyledonary nodes of cucumber cultured on calcium-free medium for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6d respectively, were transferred to medium with 6.0 mmol/L CaCl2 for 24h, then returned to calcium-free medium. Cotyledonary nodes cultured on calcium-free or 6.0 mmol/L CaCl2 medium for all time, were taken as controls. Results showed that cotyledonary nodes were transferred to 6.0 mmol/L CaCl2 medium for 24h during 0-3d after the beginning of culture, percentage of floral bud formation at cotyledonary nodes was increased significantly. Transferring cotyledonary nodes on the 3d day after the beginning of culture was achieved best effect, percentage of floral bud formation was up to 34.3%. We deduced that the calcium sensitive period during floral differentiation of cucumber cotyleddonary node cultured in vitro may be 0-4d after the beginning of culture.     

黄瓜子叶节离体培养物花分化Ca2+敏感期的研究

植物开花是一个非常复杂的过程,对其机理的研究有着重要的实践意义和理论意义。近百年来进行了广泛的生理生化研究,提出过多种假设。自90年代初成功分离了花器官分化和发育基因以来,使这一研究领域进入了分子水平。钙不仅是植物的矿质营养元素之一,而且Ca~(2+)作为植物的第二信使,参与细胞内多种生理生化活动。许多研究结果表明,Ca~(2+)在成花诱导、花芽形成和分化过程中起重要作用,我们自建立黄瓜子叶培养物离     

Cloning and Analysis of CFL-A LFY-like Gene from Cucumber

LFY and LFY-like genes have been shown to control the initiation of floral meristems in higher plants. The homologous eDNA of LFY, CFL, were cloned from cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L. ). Southern blot analysis showed it was a single copy gene in the cucumber genome. Northern blot analysis showed that it expressed in the floral buds and young leaves. The possible role of CFL in the floral and vegetative development of cucumber plant was discussed.     

黄瓜中LFY同源基因CFL的克隆和分析

ＬＦＹ同源基因在高等植物花分生组织的发生中发挥着重要的作用。克隆了黄瓜（ Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓ Ｌ．） 中的ＬＦＹ同源基因ＣＦＬ,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交的结果显示它在黄瓜基因组中为单拷贝基因,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交结果显示它主要在花芽和幼叶中表达。讨论了ＣＦＬ基因在黄瓜开花和营养生长中可能发挥的作用     

黄瓜去顶苗直接成花的形态学研究

本文对黄瓜0—7天幼苗及去顶后0—8天诱导花芽分化苗与诱导营养芽分化苗的子叶节进行了系统石蜡切片观察,未发现0—7天幼苗的子叶叶腋存在潜伏芽。去顶后1—2天在子叶叶柄基部与切口之间的表皮下细胞分裂形成突起,去顶后6天诱花苗与诱芽苗的突起表现出形态差异,诱花苗突起的上端变钝,而诱芽苗突起的上端成尖锥状。去顶后8天诱花苗在子叶叶柄与切口之间形成完整的花芽。另发现有少量花芽起源于切口处细胞。对去顶后0—6天诱花苗与诱芽苗的子叶节还进行了电镜扫描观察,观察结果与石蜡切片基本一致。     

Adventitious staminate flower formation in gibberellin treated gynoecious cucumber plants

Single gibberellin (A₄₊₇) treatments induced the appearanceof staminate floral buds in several consecutive nodes on themain stem of genetically female cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.).The staminate buds appeared next to pistillate buds which showedvarious degrees of degeneration. Similarly, repeated GA treatmentsinduced the appearance of staminate flowers in otherwise strictlyhermaphrodite plants, next to bisexual flowers. However, thebisexual buds, unlike the pistillate ones, did not show anydeleterious effects of the GA treatment. Therefore, it is inferredthat the hormonally induced staminate buds did not develop bysexual reversion of would-be pistillate or bisexual buds, butrather, represent adventitious buds which, in normally grownfemale or hermaphrodite plants, never develop. It thus seemsthat predetermined pistillate or bisexual buds do not changeinto staminate ones, while change in the reverse direction hasbeen demonstrated in the past (at least for the gynoecious ones). The effectiveness of the GA treatment in the gynoecious plantsshowed an acropetal gradient both within the affected region,as well as along the main stem. Autoradiographic histologicalexaminations showed that the course of development of the inducedstaminate floral bud did not differ from that of normally developingbuds. (Received June 16, 1977; )     

Isolation of a partial sequence of a putative nucleotide sugar epimerase, which may involve in stamen development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Sex determination is the most widely studied subject in cucumber. The sex of cucumber plants can be monoecious, hermaphrodite, gynoecious, androecious, or andromonoecious. Besides environmental factors, three major genes, F/f, M/m, and A/a mainly govern the sex types in cucumber. Regardless of their sex all floral buds are bisexual at the early bud stage. A stage specific arrest of either stamen or carpel leads to unisexual flower development. The possible downstream product of the interaction of the sex determining genes that may directly allow the growth or selectively arrest stamen or pistil is not yet identified. Therefore, in the current study, we performed suppression subtractive hybridization using floral buds from nearly isogenic gynoecious and hermaphrodite cucumber plants and identified for the first time a cDNA homologous to nucleotide sugar epimerase. The expression level of the isolated putative nucleotide sugar epimerase is weak in female floral buds but strong in bisexual and male flowers. The weak level of the putative nucleotide sugar epimerase may be an indication for its improper functioning, which may influence stamen development in cucumber plants.     

Correlation between development of female flower buds and expression of the CS-ACS2 gene in cucumber plants

Ethylene plays a key role in sex determination of cucumber flowers. Gynoecious cucumber shoots produce more ethylene than monoecious shoots. Because monoecious cucumbers produce both male and female flower buds in the shoot apex and because the relative proportions of male and female flowers vary due to growing conditions, the question arises as to whether the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in each flower bud determines the sex of the flower. Therefore, the expression of a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene, CS-ACS2, was examined in cucumber flower buds at different stages of development. The results revealed that CS-ACS2 mRNA began to accumulate just beneath the pistil primordia of flower buds at the bisexual stage, but was not detected prior to the formation of the pistil primordia. In buds determined to develop as female flowers, CS-ACS2 mRNA continued to accumulate in the central region of the developing ovary where ovules and placenta form. In gynoecious cucumber plants that produce only female flowers, accumulation of CS-ACS2 mRNA was detected in all flower buds at the bisexual stage and at later developmental stages. In monoecious cucumber, flower buds situated on some nodes accumulated CS-ACS2 mRNA, but others did not. The proportion of male and female flowers in monoecious cucumbers varied depending on the growth conditions, but was correlated with changes in accumulation of CS-ACS2 mRNA in flower buds. These results demonstrate that CS-ACS2-mediated biosynthesis of ethylene in individual flower buds is associated with the differentiation and development of female flowers.     

The Maryland mammoth allele reduces floral stimulus activity in stem piece explants of Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae)

The response of axillary buds to floral stimulus activity in stem pieces was examined in two near-isogenic cultivars of tobacco that differ in the recessive maryland mammoth (mm) allele, which confers short-day behavior. All axillary buds from day-neutral plants assayed on six-internode stem pieces made few nodes (less than 20) before flowering, while axillary buds from plants homozygous for mm assayed on six-internode stem pieces either did not flower in noninductive conditions or made many nodes before flowering in inductive conditions. About 80% of day-neutral axillary buds grafted onto day-neutral stem pieces did not respond to floral stimulus in stem pieces, indicating that the floral stimulus in stem pieces is ephemeral. In other graft combinations, the proportion of axillary buds that did respond to floral stimulus in stem pieces was substantially reduced from the 20% of day-neutral buds on day-neutral stem pieces that responded. These results indicate that the mm allele probably reduces both the amount of floral stimulus activity in stem pieces and the competence of axillary buds to respond.