籼粳杂交水稻F1种子胚愈伤组织诱导及再生体系建立

研究了籼粳杂交Ｆ１种子胚愈伤组织诱导与２,４＿Ｄ浓度变化的关系,在愈伤组织继代培养一段时间后,通过预培养和再生培养阶段,获得了从愈伤组织直接分化而来的再生植株     

拟南芥胚愈伤组织诱导和植株再生

CullusInductionandPlantletRegenerationinEmbryoExplantsofAra－bidopsisthalianaLIXiU-Ru(BeijingAgriculturalCollege,Beijing102206)##D1植物名称拟南芥（Arabidopsisthaliana）。2材料类别胚。3培养条件（1）愈伤组织诱导培养基：B5或1／2MS＋2,4－D0．5mg·L－1（单位下同）＋BA0．05十2％蔗糖或葡萄糖;（2）诱导生芽培养基：B5、MS或1／2MS＋2,4-D0．05＋BA0．5＋3％蔗糖;（3）诱导生根培养基：1／2MS＋2,4-D1．0。将种子表面消毒后,接种在B5培养基上,1天后剥胚,将胚接种在培养基（1）上进行愈伤组织诱导。…     

籼稻珍汕97B成熟种子胚愈伤组织诱导及其再生体系的建立

以珍汕97B成熟种子为材料,研究了影响其盾片诱导、愈伤组织诱导的主要因素,建立了籼稻珍汕97B愈伤组织的再生体系。结果表明,消毒剂NaClO的浓度及灭菌时间对盾片的诱导率影响极大,2,4—D的浓度不仅影响愈伤组织的数量也影响愈伤组织的质量。继代培养中添加1mg/L的ABA能显著改善愈伤组织的质量。     

莲胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

关于莲胚组织培养国内外有过研究,但迄今利用组织培养技术从莲胚诱导愈伤组织形成再生植株的成功例子尚未见有报道。     

大花银莲花愈伤组织诱导及再生体系的建立

为建立野生大花银莲花(Anemone silvestris)组培再生体系,分别以无菌苗上、下胚轴、叶片和叶柄为外植体,探讨不同浓度植物生长调节剂对不同外植体的愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化、增殖与生根的影响。结果表明, 4种外植体均可诱导出不定芽,其中上胚轴诱导效果最佳,其在1/2MS+2.0mg·L^–1 6-BA+0.1mg·L^–1 NAA培养基中诱导率最高,为86.67%;最适增殖培养基为1/2MS+1.0mg·L^–1 6-BA+0.05mg·L^–1 NAA,增殖系数为3.67;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+0.3mg·L^–1 IBA,生根率为100%;在草炭:蛭石=2:1(v/v)的栽培基质中,组培苗的移栽成活率最高,为98.33%。该研究有效解决了野生大花银莲花在园林及药用生产上的种质资源紧缺难题,为工厂化育苗提供了技术支撑。     

紫果猕猴桃幼胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以紫果猕猴桃(Actinidia arguta var．purpurea)幼胚为外植体,诱导愈伤组织并进行植株再生。结果表明：不同的培养基和不同的培养条件对幼胚愈伤组织的诱导率及分化率不同;0．2mg／L ZT与0．5mg／L GA。配合使用有利于促进愈伤组织的诱导;7％蔗糖、600mg／L CH与400mg／L Gln都有利于促进愈伤组织的形成;在添加0．5mg／L 6-BA、0．05mg／L NAA与0．5mg／L GA3的MS培养基中植株的再生率达93．3％。     

罗布麻愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以罗布麻(Apocynum venetum L.)当年的成熟种子和5周龄的幼苗叶片为外植体,研究了不同激素组合、暗培养对愈伤组织及植株再生的影响.结果表明,幼苗作外植体诱导愈伤的最佳培养基为添加1.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L IBA的MS培养基;继代培养中1.0 mg/L 6-BA与0.2 mg/L IBA组合愈伤致密而生长迅速,长时间培养硬化的愈伤组织可用添加0.5 mg/L 6-BA和0.1 mg/L IBA培养基和初期暗培养获得大量质地疏松、增殖迅速的愈伤组织;再生苗诱导以0.5 mg/L 6-BA 0.2 mg/L IBA组合为佳;1/2MS附加NAA 0.6 mg/L为适宜的生根培养基,初步建立了罗布麻离体再生体系.     

杂交狼尾草胚性愈伤组织的诱导与植株再生

以杂交狼尾草初级愈伤为材料,运用方差分析的方法研究不同因素对杂交狼尾草胚性愈伤诱导率与植株再生率的影响。结果发现,2,4-D和TDZ对杂交狼尾草胚性愈伤诱导影响显著,最佳的胚性愈伤诱导培养基为MS+3.0 mg·L-12,4-D+0.4 mg·L-16-BA+0.2 mg·L-1 TDZ,诱导率为54%;愈伤分化培养基以附加0.1 mg·L-1 TDZ+0.2 mg·L-16-BA+3.2 mg·L-1 CuSO4的 MS培养基为最佳,再生率为68.33%,褐化率为8.33%;分化培养基中添加0.8~3.2mg·L-1的CuSO4均能促进杂交狼尾草愈伤组织分化,而添加AgNO3对杂交狼尾草愈伤分化无显著影响。该技术为离体诱变获得杂交狼尾草低温种质材料奠定了基础。     

芝麻愈伤组织诱导与植株再生体系的建立

以芝麻栽培种(Sesamum indicum, 2n=26)、野生种(S. radiatum, 2n=64; S. schinzianum, 2n=64)及其远源杂交后代(S. schinzianum × S. indicum)为材料, 研究了不同基因型、外植体类型、激素种类及其浓度对芝麻愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的影响, 建立了芝麻愈伤组织诱导及高频植株再生的技术体系。结果表明, 6-BA/NAA激素组合有利于绿色紧密型愈伤组织的形成及分化; 最佳愈伤组织诱导及分化培养基为MS+ 0.1 mg·L^–1NAA + 2.0 mg·L^–16-BA+ 30 g·L^–1蔗糖。在该培养条件下, 野生种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为97.50%, 分化率为94.02%; 栽培种下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导率最高为40.60%, 分化率为8.16%; 远缘杂交后代幼胚外植体愈伤组织的诱导率最高为46.67%, 分化率为89.29%。该研究结果为芝麻转基因技术体系的建立及新种质创制奠定了基础。     

Plant regeneration from indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) protoplasts

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants of the indica cultivar IR54 were regenerated from protoplasts. Conditions were developed for isolating and purifying protoplasts from suspension cultures with protoplast yields ranging from 1·10⁶ to 15·10⁶ viable protoplasts/1 g fresh weight. Protoplast viability after purification was generally over 90%. Protoplasts were cultured in a slightly modified Kao medium in a Petri plate by placing them onto a Millipore filter positioned on top of a feeder (nurse) culture containing cells from a suspension culture of the japonica rice, Calrose 76. Plating efficiencies of protoplasts ranged from 0.5 to 3.0%; it was zero in the absence of the nurse culture. Protoplast preparations usually contained no contaminating cells, and when present, the number of cells never exceeded 0.1% of the protoplasts. After three weeks the Millipore filter with callus colonies were transferred off feeder cells and onto a Linsmaier and Skoog-type medium for an additional three weeks. Selected callus colonies that had embryo-like structures were then transferred to regeneration medium containing cytokinins, and regeneration frequencies up to 80% were obtained. Small shoots emerged and were transferred to jars for root development prior to transferring to pots of soil and growing the plants to maturity in growth chambers. Of the cytokinins evaluated, N⁶-benzylaminopurine was the most effective in promoting shoot formation; however, kinetin was also somewhat effective. Regeneration medium could be either an N₆ or Murashige and Skoog basal medium. Of 76 plants grown to maturity, 62 were fertile, and the plant heights averaged about three-fourths the height of seed-grown plants.Two other suspension cultures of IR54, one developed from the protoplast callus of the initial IR54 line, and the other developed from callus produced by mature seeds, have yielded protoplasts capable of regenerating plants when using cells of the Calrose 76 suspension as a nurse culture. In addition, protoplasts obtained from three-week-old primary callus of immature embryos of IR54 were capable of regenerating plants when using the same culture conditions.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - pcy packed cell volume - BAP N⁶-benzylaminopurine - FDA fluorescein diacetate - FW fresh weight - IAA indole-3-acetic acid Media AA Muller and Grafe (1978) - CPW Frearson et al. (1973) - Kao^* Kao (1977) - LS Linsmaier and Skoog (1965) - MS Murashige and Skoog (1962) - N₆ Chu et al. (1975) - PCM Ludwig et al. (1985)     

Genetic diversity in cultivars and landraces of Oryza sativa subsp. indica as revealed by AFLP markers.

Genetic diversity among 49 Indian accessions of rice (Oryza sativa subsp. indica), including 29 landraces from Jeypore, 12 modern cultivars, and 8 traditional cultivars from Tamil Nadu, was investigated using AFLP markers. In total, nine primer combinations revealed 664 AFLPs, 408 of which were found to be polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic AFLPs was approximately the same within the cultivars and landraces. Similar results were obtained when genetic diversity values were estimated using the Shannon-Weiner index of diversity. Genetic diversity was slightly higher in the modern cultivars than in the traditional cultivars from Tamil Nadu. Among the landraces from Jeypore, the lowland landraces showed the highest diversity. The present study showed that the process of breeding modern cultivars did not appear to cause significant genetic erosion in rice. Cluster analysis and the first component of principle component analysis (PCA) both showed a clear demarcation between the cultivars and landraces as separate groups, although the genetic distance between them was narrow. The modern cultivars were positioned between the landraces from Jeypore and the traditional cultivars from Tamil Nadu. The second component of PCA further separated medium and upland landraces from lowland landraces, with the lowland landraces found closest to the traditional and modern cultivars.     

Regeneration of plants from long-term cultures of Oryza sativa L.

Root and embryo derived callus tissues of rice grown on sucrose alone as carbon source lost their ability to organise shoots by 75 and 100 days in culture respectively. Along with 2% sucrose, either 3% sorbitol or 3% mannitol was found to be necessary in the growth medium for the callus to regenerate whole plants over a period of 1400 days without any decline in the shoot forming ability. Our results indicated that incorporation of sorbitol or mannitol in the callus proliferating medium provides long-term totipotent rice cultures with a high frequency (50–60%) of shoot differentiation.     

籼稻232蜡质基因转录起始位点的鉴定

Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ杂交分析和蜡质基因ｃＤＮＡ的序列分析表明水稻蜡质基因的转录本可能延伸到翻译起始密码子（ＡＴＧ）上游１２ｋｂ处。据此设计了２１Ｎｔ的寡核苷酸引物,并以籼稻２３２胚乳ＲＮＡ为模板,以引物延伸法确定籼稻２３２蜡质基因的转录起始点,籼稻蜡质基因的转录起始旁邻顺序ＣＴＣＡＣＣＡ与高等植物基因的转录起始点一致顺序ＣＴＣＡＴＣＡ仅相差１个碱基。通过顺序比较,对东乡野生稻蜡质基因中的转录起始位点的位置,以及对此两稻种中ＴＡＴＡ盒的可能顺序进行了讨论。     

Isolation and Expression analysis of OsPME1, encoding for a putative Pectin Methyl Esterase from Oryza sativa (subsp. indica)

Pectin Methyl Esterases (PMEs) play an essential role during plant development by affecting the mechanical properties of the plant cell walls. Recent studies indicated that PMEs play important role in pollen tube development. In this study, we isolated a 1.3 kb cDNA clone from rice panicle cDNA library. It contained a 1038 bp of open reading frame (ORF) encoding for a putative pectin methyl esterase of 345 aminoacids with a 20 aminoacid signal peptide and was hence designated as OsPME1 (Oryza sativaPectin Methyl Esterase 1). It contained the structural arrangement GXYXE and GXXDFIF, found in the active groups of all PMEs. OsPME1 gene product shared varying identities, ranging from 52 % to 33 % with PMEs from other plant species belonging to Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae and Funariaceae. Southern blot analysis indicated that PME1 exists as a single copy in the rice genome. Expression pattern analysis revealed that OsPME1 is expressed only in pollen grains, during the later stages of their development and was also regulated by various abiotic stress treatments and phytohormones. Functional characterization of this pollen specific PME from rice would enable us to understand its role in pollen development.Key words: Oryza sativa, Pectin Methyl Esterase, Gene Expression, Cell wall and pollen development     

用于筛选直链淀粉含量为中等的籼稻品种的分子标记

用PCR AccⅠ分子标记检测方法 ,检测了来自不同地区的 6 3个栽培水稻品种 (系 )蜡质基因第 1内含子剪接供体 1位碱基是G或是T。另外 ,还测定了这些水稻成熟种子的直链淀粉含量。结果显示该位置是G碱基的水稻品系成熟种子中直链淀粉含量均高于 2 0 % ,该位置是T的均低于 18%。在杂交育种过程中 ,这一分子标记可用于预测水稻植株种子的直链淀粉含量。对高直链淀粉含量的水稻亲本与中等直链淀粉含量的水稻亲本之间 5个籼型杂交组合F2 群体的分析表明 ,蜡质基因第 1内含子 1位碱基是G或是T与水稻种子中直链淀粉含量的高或低是紧密连锁 ,共同分离的。这些结果表明PCR AccⅠ分子标记检测方法可用于选育中等直链淀粉含量的籼稻新品系