水稻双元细菌人工染色体载体系统转化体系的建立

普通双元载体己被广泛碰用于农杆菌介导的植物转化,但这类载体通常只能转移5～20kb的外源DNA片段;而双元细菌人工染色体（BIBAC）载休可以弥补普通双元裁体的不足,通过它已在烟草、番茄等双子叶植物中实现了大片段DNA（150kb）的转移。BIBAC载体在单子叶植物转化中的应用尚未见报道。面于单、双子叶植物间以及大、小片段转化间的转化体系存在明显差异,常规的农杆菌介导的水稻转化体系不能适应BIBAC系统转化的要求。因此,建立适于BIBAC系统的水稻转化体系是十分必要的。通过比较不同的受体材料,不同的预培养、其培养条件,不同的去除农杆菌及选择阳性愈伤的方式等对转化效率的影响,建矿了适合水稻BIBAC系统的转化体系。该体系的技术要点包括：以水稻品种H1493为转化受体：以含毒性辅助质粒pCH32的LBA4404菌株（HP4404）为侵染菌株;预培养的培养拱pH5．6：以N6A代替AAM悬浮农杆菌：侵染菌液浓度为OD600=1．0;共培养温度为24℃;采用过渡（Resting）培养除去农杆菌;采用二步法进行选择等。基于PCR检测、Southern印迹分析的结果表明,BIBAC载体所携带的插入片段及标记基因已整合到转化植株的基因组中。这个体系的建立为在水稻中利用BIBAC系统进行大片段DNA转化奠定基础。     

农杆菌介导的携带egfp基因载体转化寡雄腐霉

【目的】寡雄腐霉(Pythium oligandrum Drechsler)是一种对动、植物和环境无害,兼具杀菌和增产效果的生防真菌。通过研究建立农杆菌介导的寡雄腐霉遗传转化体系。【方法】选用EHA105、AGL-1、LBA4404三种农杆菌菌株对寡雄腐霉进行遗传转化研究,通过对影响遗传转化效果的条件参数试验优化,确立适宜寡雄腐霉遗传转化的农杆菌菌株及转化条件,建立农杆菌介导的寡雄腐霉遗传转化体系。【结果】经研究发现,所选3种农杆菌菌株中EHA105菌株对寡雄腐霉的遗传转化效果最好,其次是AGL-1菌株,LBA4404菌株转化效果不好。EHA105菌株经IM(含300μmol/L AS)诱导培养至OD_(600)=0.6时,与浓度为10~6–10~7个/m L的寡雄腐霉孢子悬浮液以1–10:1的比例混合,在25–26°C以液体振荡的方式避光共培养72 h(pH 5.0,含300μmol/L AS),寡雄腐霉菌体液体振荡恢复培养24 h,涂布抗性选择平板筛选寡雄腐霉转化子,即可得到寡雄腐霉基因工程菌株,其转化率可达到130个转化子/106个孢子。【结论】本研究首次构建了农杆菌介导的寡雄腐霉遗传转化体系,研究结果可为寡雄腐霉的生防机制及分子育种研究提供技术支撑。     

不同转化条件对3种农杆菌GFP基因在本氏烟草中瞬时表达的影响

以本氏烟草（Nicotiana benthamiana）为植物材料,分析了不同农杆菌菌株（LBA4404菌株、EHA105菌株、GV3101菌株）、菌液浓度以及侵染时间在瞬时转化过程中对报告基因GFP荧光表达量的影响。结果显示,不同的农杆菌菌株瞬时表达外源基因的最适浓度和时间均有所不同：LBA4404菌株在菌悬液OD₆₀₀值为0.8时所介导的瞬时表达效率最高;而EHA105和GV3101菌株在菌悬液OD₆₀₀值为0.6时可达到最高瞬时表达效率。LBA4404菌株所介导的瞬时表达在农杆菌注射后第2天时表达量最高,而EHA105和GV3101菌株所介导的瞬时表达在农杆菌注射后第4天时表达量最高。不同菌株间比较分析表明,LBA4404菌株所介导的瞬时表达效率最高。上述结果表明,农杆菌菌株以及浓度和侵染时间等转化条件均是影响瞬时表达效率的重要因素。     

基于TAC载体的水稻转化系统的建立

将含有大约50kb水稻基因组片段的TAC17克隆(NK15)通过电击转化到农杆菌LBA4404中,经多次继代培养,该克隆在农杆菌中是稳定的。用常规的农杆菌介导方法将该克隆转化粳稻品种农垦58S成熟胚的愈伤组织,对T0代进行PCR和Southern杂交分析表明,TAC17所携带的50kb外源DNA片段已完整地整合到水稻基因组上,整合方式多数为单位点插入,整合位点是随机的。经T1代分析表明,外源基因可以稳定地遗传,而且进一步确定外源大片段的整合方式为为单位点插入。     

高Vir毒力根癌农杆菌AGL-1菌株介导丝状真菌转化研究进展和应用

根癌农杆菌介导的真菌转化(ATMT),是分离真菌基因和分析基因功能的重要方法.目前有多种农杆菌菌株可运用于ATMT法,例如LB4404、C58C1、EHA104、AGL-1等.其中AGL-1菌株因其具有Vir毒力高、转化效率高、稳定性好等诸多优点,近年来有关AGL-1菌株高效转化丝状真菌的应用越来越多.就其转化机制、转化过程、转化率影响因素的最新研究进展进行概述.     

黄连对羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶基因的植物表达载体构建

目的:构建除草剂抗性基因黄连对羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶的植物表达载体.方法:通过PCR从重组质粒pGWB2/Cjhppd中扩增出大小为1 300bp的目的片段,亚克隆到pGEM-T easy上.BamHⅠ和SpeⅠ双酶切pGEM-T Easy/Cjhppd和质粒pCambia1301,回收得到1 300bp的Cjhppd基因片段和开环质粒pCambia-1301-UbiN,用T4连接酶连接,得到重组质粒,利用三亲法将其导入农杆菌EHA105 中.结果:成功得到农杆菌EHA105的阳性菌落,菌落PCR扩增得到和预期大小一致的1 300bpDNA片段.结论:成功将具有除草剂抗性的Cjhppd构建到了含有玉米泛素启动子Ubi和选择性标记基因Hpt的植物表达载体pCambia-1301-UbiN/Cjhppd,并导入根癌农杆菌EHA105中,可以用于水稻等单子叶植物的遗传转化.     

根癌农杆菌介导大花蕙兰遗传转化的研究

以大花蕙兰原球茎(PLBs)为外植体,采用EHA105和LBA4404 2种根癌农杆菌菌株与pCAMBIA1301质粒构建工程菌介导,以建立大花蕙兰遗传转化体系,并比较不同受体处理方式、菌液浓度和侵染方式等对大花蕙兰转化的影响.结果表明:(1)以切成3 mm左右的PLBs小块作为受体材料,用OD600值为0.6的LBA4404根癌农杆菌菌株,并用MS+1.0 mg/L BA+200μmol/L AS(乙酰丁香酮)的液体培养基将菌液等体积稀释侵染,转化率可达62.5%.(2)大花蕙兰对潮霉素(Hyg)十分敏感,5 mg/L Hyg对转化后的PLBs有较好的筛选效果,筛选后最高成活率为13.0%.(3)PCR检测初步证明,通过根癌农杆菌介导的方法获得了2株转基因大花蕙兰植株.     

农杆菌LBA4404不含内源GUS基因

用长度为21bp的一对β－葡糖苷酸酶（GUS）基因的PCR引物,从根癌农杆菌LBA4404细胞总DNA中扩增不出任何片段,但从合pBI121的LBA4404细胞总DNA中可扩增出一条预期大小（1．2kb）的GUS基因片段,这表明根瘤农杆菌LBA4404不含内源GUS基因．     

大豆基因型对根癌农杆菌菌株敏感性的研究

以栽培大豆［Glycine max (L.) Mer］吉林30、吉林43、绥农8、黑农35和东农42等的下胚轴为外植体,用EHA105和LBA4404 2个根癌农杆菌菌株（分别含有pGBI121S4ABC和pGBI4A2B质粒）研究大豆基因型对根癌农杆菌的敏感性,以及根癌农杆菌对大豆的侵染能力。结果表明,大豆基因型对根癌农杆菌的敏感性存在显著差异,以吉林43最敏感。根癌农杆菌菌株对大豆下胚轴侵染能力不同,含有pGBI121S4ABC质粒的LBA4404侵染能力较强,但差异未达显著水平。 Abstract:The sensitivity of genotypes in soybean to lines of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the ability of A.tumefaciens infecting to soybean were investigated with hypocotyls of soybean (Jilin30,Jilin43,Suinong8,Heinong35 and Dongnong42) and lines of A.tumefaciens LBA4404 and EHA105 which including plasmid pGBI121S4ABC and pGBI4A2B respectively.The results showed that the sensitivity of genotypes in soybean to A.tumefaciens was significantly different.Jilin43 was the most sensitive materials to A.tumefaciens.The ability of A.tumefaciens infecting hypocotyls in soybean was different.LBA4404 including plasmid pGBI121S4ABC was easier to infect hypocotyls of soybean.     

农杆菌介导的玉米幼胚遗传转化体系的优化

本实验以玉米品种HiⅡ(PA*PB和PB*PA)的幼胚为材料,用根瘤农杆菌菌株EHA105和LBA4404对幼胚进行转化,将PTF102-GUS导入玉米中,借助GUS基因的瞬时表达率,对影响农杆菌介导玉米幼胚转化的部分因素进行优化。研究表明使用EHA105侵染HiⅡ幼胚;农杆菌浓度在OD550=0.3,侵染时间在10min;幼胚大小为1.0mm时,GUS染色瞬时表达率较高。     

抗生素对农杆菌的抑制和对油菜外植体分化的影响

通过哌拉青霉素、氨苄青霉素、青霉素钠、羧苄青霉素、头孢拉定、头孢唑啉钠、磷霉素钠、乳糖酸红霉素、白霉素9种抗生素对根癌农杆菌EHA105和LBA4404的抑制效果,以及对油菜子叶柄分化影响的研究,结果表明：羧苄青霉素在500mg／L时对农杆菌EHA105的抑菌效果最好,而其它8种抗生素对EHA105无明显的抑菌作用;对于LBA4404浓度为200mg／L的羧苄青霉素、氨苄青霉素和头孢唑啉钠都有良好的抑菌效果。不同抗生素对油菜子叶柄的分化试验结果表明,羧苄青霉素和头孢唑啉钠对离体油菜子叶柄再生分化及生长没有影响,磷霉素钠、乳糖酸红霉素、自霉素几乎完全抑制了油菜子叶柄分化。同时对卡那霉素(作为筛选剂)的浓度进行了筛选,确定了油菜33B的筛选浓度为15mg／L,油菜918B的筛选浓度为10mg／L。     

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Campanula glomerata

A transformation system for Campanula glomerata 'Acaulis' based on the co-cultivation of leaf explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 or EHA105 was developed. A. tumefaciens was eliminated when the explants were cultured on medium containing 400 mg/l vancomycin and 100 mg/l cefotaxime. Transgenic plants containing the uidA gene that codes for #-glucuronidase (gus) were obtained following co-cultivation with either strain of A. tumefaciens, LBA4404 or EHA105, both of which harbored the binary vector pGUSINT, coding for the uidA and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) genes. While the transformation frequency (2-3%) was similar for both strains, A. tumefaciens LBA4404 was effectively eliminated from Campanula at a lower concentration of antibiotic as compared to EHA105. The concentration of individual antibiotics required to eliminate EHA105 resulted in a decreased rate (55-67%) of regeneration. The highest percentage of explants that regenerated plants (79%) and the highest regeneration rate was achieved with 100 mg/l cefotaxime combined with 400 mg/l vancomycin. Plants were also transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene using LBA4404 containing the 35S-ipt vector construct (pBC34).     

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of selected tropical inbred and hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) lines

The study was carried out to evaluate the amenability of tropical inbred and hybrid maize lines, using Agrobacterium mediated transformation technique. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA101 harbouring a pTF102 binary vector, EHA101, AGL1, and LBA4404 harbouring pBECK2000.4 plasmid, LBA4404, GV and EHA105 harbouring pCAMBIA2301 plasmid, and AGL1 harbouring the pSB223 plasmid were used. Delivery of transgenes into plant tissues was assessed using transient β-glucuronidase (gus) activity on the 3rd and 4th day of co-cultivation of the infected Immature Zygotic Embryos (IZEs) and embryogenic callus. Transient gus expression was influenced by the co-cultivation period, maize genotype and Agrobacterium strain. The expression was highest after the 3rd day of co-culture compared to the 4th day with intense blue staining was detected for IZEs which were infected with Agrobacterium strains EHA105 harbouring pCAMBIA2301 and EHA101 harbouring pTF102 vector. Putative transformants (T_o) were regenerated from bialaphos resistant callus. Differences were detected on the number of putative transformants regenerated among the maize lines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) and gus gene confirmed the transfer of the transgenes into the maize cells. Southern blot hybridization confirmed stable integration of gus into PTL02 maize genome and segregation analysis confirmed the inheritance of the gus. A transformation efficiency of 1.4 % was achieved. This transformation system can be used to introduce genes of interest into tropical maize lines for genetic improvement.     

基于高遗传转化率及低幼苗玻璃化率的黑果枸杞叶片组合培养体系

【目的】建立高效稳定的黑果枸杞遗传转化体系,有效降低其再生幼苗玻璃化率,促进其基因功能研究和提高遗传改良效率。【方法】以黑果枸杞叶片作为外植体,利用农杆菌(LBA4404、EHA105)介导的遗传转化法,通过调整基础培养基类型并添加相应浓度的植物激素,筛选出最适愈伤组织诱导培养基、分化和选择培养基、生根诱导培养基,将黑果枸杞遗传转化率提高到65%以上,同时降低幼苗玻璃化率至10%以下。【结果】(1)黑果枸杞叶片高效组合培养体系中最佳农杆菌侵染浓度(OD₆₀₀)为0.6,侵染时间为25 min,在此条件下侵染叶片抗性愈伤诱导率达78.2%～96%;(2)黑果枸杞遗传转化中最适分化和选择培养基为：MS+肌醇50 mg/L+烟酸0.25 mg/L+维生素B₆ 0.25 mg/L+铁盐母液1 mL/L+甘氨酸1.0 mg/L+维生素B₁ 0.05 mg/L+6-BA 0.25 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂6 g/L+卡那霉素30 mg/L+特美汀300 mg/L (pH=6.0);最适生根诱导培养基为：WPM+IBA 0.2...     

Study of the factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Factors influencing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pea were tested using highly efficient, direct regeneration system. The virulence of three Agrobacterium strains (octopine LBA 4404, nopaline C58C1 and succinamopine, hypervirulent EHA 105) clearly varied giving 1 transgenic plant per 100 explants for LBA 4404, 2.2 for C58C1 and 8.2 for EHA 105. To test the efficacy of selection agents we used the hypervirulent EHA 105 strain carrying pGPTV binary vector with one of four different selection genes: nptII, hpt, dhfr or bar. The mean number of transgenic, kanamycin-resistant plants for two cultivars tested was 4.2 per 100 explants and was slightly higher than the number of phosphinothricin-resistant plants (3.6 plants per 100 explants). The proportion of transgenics among kanamycin-selected plants was also higher than among phosphinothricin-resistant plants (35% and 28% respectively). There was no regeneration on hygromycin or methotrexate media (transformation with hpt and dhfr genes). Acetosyringone had no apparent influence on efficiency of transformation with hypervirulent EHA 105 strain, however it did affect the rate of transformation when moderately virulent C58C1 was used. Recovery of transgenic plants was enhanced after application of 5-azacytidine. The presence of integrated T-DNA was checked by PCR and confirmed by Southern hybridization. T-DNA was stably transmitted to the next generation.     

根癌农杆菌介导库拉索芦荟遗传转化因素优化

以美国库拉索芦荟的横切薄片(transversethincelllayer,tTCL)作为转化外植体,初步研究了以根癌 农杆菌介导的多种因子对芦荟遗传转化的影响。结果表明:菌株EHA105比LBA4404及AGL1转化率高; 除了乙酰丁香酮(acetosyringone)外,菌液的预处理和重悬液的pH值也是影响转化的主要因子;菌液的预处 理和适合的蔗糖浓度对转化也有促进作用;感染时间为12～18min,共培养的温度和时间分别以25℃及5d 为佳。