甘肃岷县当归不同药用部位挥发油的提取及其成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取产于甘肃岷县道地产区当归的当归身、当归尾、当归头中的挥发油,使用气相-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析其挥发油的化学组分.在相同提取测定条件下,当归不同部位提取的挥发油中各化学成分含量存在差异性,当归身、当归尾、当归头在保持较多藁本内酯的同时,均含有其他有效成分,且这些有效成分种类与含量不尽相同.提示当归不同药用部位的挥发油化学成分含量具有一定的差异,药理作用的物质基础不同,探寻当归不同部位的挥发油的化学成分变化规律,为中药当归的加工及临床应用提供科学依据.     

连作对当归药材挥发油含量的影响

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同茬口当归药材挥发油,并用GC-MS法鉴定化学成分,归一化法测定相对含量,比较了不同茬口挥发油出油率及化学成分的差异.结果表明,正茬、迎茬、连作2a、连作3a栽培当归挥发油收率分别为0.95%、0.75%、0.70%、0.64%,挥发油中藁本内酯的相对含量分别为71.62%、49.04%、29.49%、59.58%,藁本内酯的异构化产物邻苯二甲酸酐和1,4-环己二烯1,2-二羧酐的相对含量分别为0.21%和4 47%、3.81%和8.55%、6.48%和10.65%、1.04%和5.33%.因此,与正茬栽培相比,连作栽培当归中挥发油的收率及其中藁本内酯的相对含量均明显降低,但挥发油的组分基本一致.     

响应面法优化当归中阿魏酸和藁本内酯提取工艺研究

为优化中药材当归中主要活性成分阿魏酸和藁本内酯同时提取的最佳工艺条件,该文以超声波辅助响应面优化当归中阿魏酸和藁本内酯提取工艺,采用氢核磁共振定量方法同时测定当归中阿魏酸和藁本内酯的含量.优化工艺以阿魏酸和藁本内酯含量的综合评分为考察指标,选取乙醇浓度、提取时间、液料比三个主要因素,采用单因素筛选结合Box-Behnk...     

黔产莪术不同炮制品中挥发油成分GC-MS分析

本研究利用GC-MS法分析比较不同炮制品的黔产莪术中挥发油含量及其化学成分的差别。本实验通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同炮制类型的黔产莪术中挥发油类成分,采用GC-MS法对黔产莪术挥发油的化学成分进行分析,通过标准谱库检索分析计算,确定黔产莪术挥发油中所含的主要成分,并比较四者所含化学成分的异同。结果显示,从4种饮片中共检测出78种化学成分,其中鲜品莪术挥发油中有58个化学成分,生切饮片挥发油中有53个化学成分,蒸制饮片挥发油中有52个化学成分,醋炙莪术挥发油中有51个化学成分。由此得出结论,4种挥发油中的主要成分为单萜和倍半萜类,但是不同炮制法制备的黔产莪术中挥发油的含量及其成分组成存在较大的差异。本研究将为黔产莪术加工炮制及综合开发利用提供指导。     

当归及其炮制品水提物体外抗脂质过氧化作用

为了研究当归及其不同炮制品水提物抗脂质过氧化的作用。采用体外小鼠肝组织自发性脂质过氧化、H2O2诱导的红细胞膜脂质过氧化和溶血反应,评价了当归及其炮制品水提物对脂质过氧化的抑制作用。结果表明当归及其不同炮制品水提物体外对肝组织自发性脂质过氧化的抑制能力为当归碳酒当归生当归油当归土当归;对H2O2诱导的红细胞膜脂质过氧化的抑制能力为当归碳土当归生当归酒当归油当归;对H2O2诱导的溶血作用的抑制能力为酒当归当归碳土当归油当归生当归,且抑制效果均呈现良好的剂量依赖关系。说明当归及其不同炮制品水提物体外都具有一定的抗脂质过氧化的作用,其中抗肝组织自发性脂质过氧化和H2O2诱导的红细胞膜脂质过氧化的能力以当归碳最好,而抗H2O2诱导的溶血作用以酒当归最好。     

气相色谱-质谱结合化学计量学分析莪术挥发油成分（英文）

中药市场上的莪术来自不同的官方品种和炮制品种,因而存在着一定的混用情况。为了初步比较研究市售莪术的化学成分,我们对其主要的活性成分莪术挥发油进行了研究。采用气相色谱-质谱结合化学计量学方法对来自于16个批次的不同官方品种和炮制品种的挥发油进行了化学分析和MCF-7细胞毒性检测。鉴定出53个化学成分,其中包括11个首次鉴定出的化合物。结果表明16批样品显示相似的抗肿瘤活性,而其化学成分在种间存在显著差异,而炮制品间未见差异。因此,来自于Curcuma kwangsiensis和C.phaeocaulis的挥发油应该与C.wenyujin区分开来。三个官方品种应当被进行深入的比较研究和区别应用。     

半夏药材生品及其炮制品指纹图谱的比较研究

目的:该实验旨在用高效液相色谱法对半夏的生品及其炮制品的指纹图谱进行比较研究,通过半夏指纹图谱主峰的变化寻找半夏炮制前后其主要化学成分的变化。方法:采用75％乙醇(含1％的盐酸)对半夏药材生品及其炮制品进行提取, DiamonsilTM C18(150×4．6 mm,5um)色谱柱,0．1％磷酸溶液—乙腈梯度洗脱,洗脱时间定为50 min,检测波长217 nm,以精氨酸为对照品,对半夏的生品及其炮制品的指纹图谱的主峰数目和峰高进行比较分析。结果:该方法精密度和重复性RSD均小于3％,符合有关规定,半夏炮制后主峰数目发生变化。结论:半夏生品清制和姜制后,75％乙醇(含1％的盐酸)提取液中其所含精氨酸与半夏生品相比均有不同程度的下降,而且指纹图谱的主峰数目也有所变化,说明半夏炮制后其主要化学成分发生变化。     

基于HPLC指纹图谱的亳白芍不同炮制品标准汤剂7个成分含量测定

建立亳白芍不同炮制品标准汤剂HPLC指纹图谱,其中生白芍、炒白芍和酒白芍标准汤剂分别标定16、14和13个共有峰,同时测定亳白芍不同炮制品标准汤剂中7种化学成分(没食子酸、氧化芍药苷、芍药内酯苷、芍药苷、苯甲酸、1,2,3,4,6-五没食子酰葡萄糖和苯甲酰芍药苷)含量,经炒制后标准汤剂中芍药内酯苷和苯甲酸含量升高,氧化芍药苷、芍药苷含量降低,酒白芍标准汤剂中芍药苷含量升高,苯甲酸含量降低,并对含量测定结果进行聚类分析,同一批亳白芍及其炮制品可聚为一类,但聚类距离缩小后生品和炮制品各聚为一类。建立的HPLC指纹图谱和含量测定方法具有良好的重现性,且简便快速,二者结合可直观反映出亳白芍炒制、酒制后的变化差异。     

藁本内酯的稳定性及其主要转化产物研究(英文)

藁本内酯是川芎和当归的主要有效成分,其化学结构的不稳定性限制了它的进一步研究和临床应用。本实验通过色谱方法对其室温静置一个月后的产物进行制备,得到了14个藁本内酯的转化产物,并通过ESIMS、NMR等光谱分析法确定了其结构,包括一个新化合物7'-carboxyl-wallichilide(1)。利用LC-MS峰面积归一化法,确定了藁本内酯及其转化产物的相对含量,阐明了藁本内酯的主要转化产物为其二聚体。     

蛇床子炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用研究进展

目的：综述中药蛇床子的炮制概况、化学成分以及药理作用研究进展，为蛇床子不同炮制品的临床合理应用及质量标准研究提供参考依据。方法：借助爱如生古籍库、中国知网、Scifinder等中外文数据库，查阅中药蛇床子的炮制历史沿革、化学成分及药理作用相关文献资料，梳理归纳，并形成综述。结果：古代文献记载的蛇床子炮制方法较多，但现行药品标准多以净制为主；现代研究工艺的研究集中在蛇床子素炮制前后的含量变化；其所含的香豆素类、色原酮类、挥发油类等成分在治疗心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗骨质疏松、治疗神经性疾病等方面，具有一定药理作用。结论：据记载蛇床子生品有小毒，多外用，但临床也有内服治疗骨质疏松等病症的报道，故不同炮制品的临床应用有待研究；炮制前后的香豆素类成分变化明显，有可能是蛇床子增效减毒的内在机理之一；本综述可为中药蛇床子后续的炮制作用机理、药效物质基础和药理作用研究提供参考。     

Genetic stability and phytochemical profiling of the in vitro regenerated plants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Angelica glauca</Emphasis> Edgew.: an endangered medicinal plant of Himalaya

The present study describes the first successful report on in vitro propagation through direct organogenesis for multiple shoot induction of Angelica glauca. Rhizomes were used as explant, and maximum shoot multiplication was observed on MS medium supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine 8.0 µM and Indole-3-acetic acid 0.1 µM. Roots were observed within 14 days in the MS medium enriched with 0.5 µM IAA and 0.1 µM Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) with an average production of 4.2 roots per shoot. Rooted plantlets were successfully hardened under greenhouse conditions and subsequently established in field, with a recorded survival rate of 72% after 45 days. The total phenolic content showed significant difference (p?<?0.05) between in vitro raised plants (5.87 mM AAE/ g DW) and control (2.36 mM AAE/ g DW). Antioxidant activity, calculated through two in vitro assays, i.e. 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays revealed higher antioxidant activity in in vitro grown plants in comparison to control plants. Essential oil constituent’s analysis was also carried out in control and in vitro raised plants. Thirty-one compounds were identified in the oil samples through Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis also identified 31 compounds in the essential oil, representing 98.1–98.7% of total oil compositions. The major components of the essential oils were (Z)-ligustilide (51.1–51.5%), (Z)-butylidene phthalide (31.2–31.6%), (E)-butylidene phthalide (2.6–2.9%) and (E)-ligustilide (2.1–1.8%). Genetic stability of in vitro raised plants, evaluated using 20 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats primers, proved true to typeness of in vitro raised plants.     

Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils against listeria monocytogenes

Ninety-three different commercial essential oils were screened for activity against 20 Listeria monocytogenes strains in vitro and the results correlated against the actual chemical composition of each oil. There was a substantial difference in the activity between different essential oils as expected, but there was also a difference in activity between different samples of the same essential oil. Strong anti- Listeria activity was often correlated with essential oils containing a high percentage of monoterpenes, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, thymol, and sometimes with citronellol, limonene and geraniol. However, as there was often no correlation between the anti- Listeria activity and the main chemical components, it is possible that either there is a more complex relationship with the chemical composition (which includes the minor components) or that substantial adulteration had occurred in some essential oil samples. The possible use of a number of essential oils in a dual role as flavours and antimicrobials is discussed.     

The Chemical Components of Essential Oils from the Leaves of 110 Species and Cultivars of Citrus Plants

Seventy-two chemical components of essential oils from the leaves of 110 species and cultivars of Citrus were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Among the plants analyzed, there are 3 species in papeda, 12 species and cultivars in Osmocitrus, 18 cultivars in C. aurantium L., 15 cultivars in C. sinensis Osbeck, 16 species and cultivars in Citrophorum, 16 species and cuhivars in Cephalocitrus, 30 species and cultivars in Acrumen. As resources of essential oils, some valuable plants were found such as Citrus hystrix D. C., C. junos (Sieb.) Tan. cv. Xiecheng, C. junos (Sieb.) Tan. cv. Luohancheng and C. tankan Hayata. Our study has provided systematic data of the chemical components of the essential oils for the taxonomic work of Citrus plants.     

中华绒螯蟹幼体发育阶段对淀粉营养需要的研究

本实验研究了饲料中淀粉含量对中华绒螯蟹幼体生长发育与淀粉酶活力的影响。结果表明:饲料中不同淀粉含量对中华绒螯蟹幼体存活率、变态率和增重量的影响显著(P1、Z2、Z3、Z4)或下降(Z5、M)趋势,且饲料中淀粉含量对幼体淀粉酶活力变化有显著影响(P1、Z2、Z34、Z5、M的适宜淀粉需求量分别为18%、22%、18%、18%-22%、18%、14%-18%。       

Changes in the Volatile Flavor Constituents of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck During Storage

The methods of GC with fused silica capillary column, its Kovats retention index of GC and GC-MS-DS etc. We were used to study the aromatic compounds of the peel essential oil of Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and aromatic concentrates of fruit flesh. 29 chemical constituents from the peels and 40 chemical constituents from the fruit flesh were identified. The trace constituents α-sinensal 0.01% and β-sinensal 0.01% are the special aroma ones for Citrus sinensis. At the same time, the changes flavor components in Citrus sinensis peels and fruit flesh during storage were also explored.     

小鱼仙草化学成分及资源开发利用研究

对不同产地的小鱼仙草全草精油主要化学成分 :香荆芥酚、百里香酚、β 石竹烯、侧柏酮、异胡薄荷酮、1 ,8 桉叶油素的含量进行对比分析。研究结果表明 :不同地域间植物精油的化学成分存在一定的遗传相似性及差异性 ;不同产地精油含量在不同生育期有一定变化规律。此外 ,种子含丰富的氨基酸 (1 3 .96% )和种类齐全的矿质元素 ;种子油含大量人体必需的亚麻酸 (67.3 6% )和亚油酸 (1 5 .1 2 % )等不饱和脂肪酸 ;全草总黄酮含量为 1 .76%～ 4.1 5 %。为此 ,小鱼仙草的种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用功效 ,其植物资源在食品、香精香料和医药领域具有潜在开发利用的前景。     

椿叶花椒果实精油对两种蚊虫的生物活性及成分分析

为筛选环保型的植物源灭蚊活性物质, 研究了椿叶花椒 Zanthoxylum ailanthoides 果实精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus成蚊的熏杀活性, 并测试了精油对这两种蚊幼虫的毒杀效果。此外, 采用GC-MS分析了该精油的化学成分。 结果表明：在102.145 μg·cm^-3熏杀剂量下, 精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的KT50值分别为2.788和3.505 min, 24 h致死率分别为100%和97.53%。该精油对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊4龄幼虫的LC50值分别为45.237和20.759 mg·L^-1。从椿叶花椒果实精油中共鉴定出14种化合物, 其中2-十一酮为主要成分, 相对含量为89.86%。结果说明椿叶花椒果实精油对两种蚊虫均有明显的杀虫活性, 具有开发成植物源灭蚊剂的潜力。     

不同林分内茶树光合特性及其影响因子和小气候因子分析

对板栗-银杏-茶(Castanea mollissima-Ginkgo biloba-Camellia sinensis)和板栗-茶(Castanea mollissima-Camellia sinensis)复合林分和纯茶(Camellia sinensis)林分内3个小气候因子[包括光合有效辐射强度(PAR)、空气温度(Ta)和空气相对湿度(RH)]和茶树光合特性[包括净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)]的差异进行了比较,并采用多元回归分析探讨了影响茶树Pn的主要生理生态因子.结果表明:在不同测定时期3种林分内PAR、Ta和RH差异较大;同一时期纯茶林分内的PAR和Ta基本都高于2种复合林分,但纯茶林分内的RH总体上均低于2种复合林分;与纯茶林分相比,板栗和银杏与茶树复合种植有助于调节林分内的PAR、Ta和RH.2种复合林分内茶树的生长均受到板栗或银杏阴蔽的影响,纯茶林分中茶树的Pn最高,与板栗-银杏-茶复合林分内茶树的Pn有显著差异;而纯茶林分中茶树的Gs总体上高于复合林分、Ci与复合林分间差异不显著,且3种林分中茶树的Tr总体上也无显著差异.多元回归分析结果表明:在6个生理生态因子(Gs、Ci、Tr、PAR、Ta 和RH)中,Tr对3种林分内茶树的Pn影响最大,其次是Ta,其他因子在各种林分内的影响程度不同.研究结果表明:茶树复合种植可调节林分内的水热状况,改善茶树生长环境,值得在现有茶园中进行推广和应用.     

Antifungal activity of some essential oils against toxigenic Aspergillus species

Increasing attentions have been paid on the application of essential oils and plant extracts for control of postharvest pathogens due to their natural origin and less appearance of resistance in fungi pathogens. Some Aspergillus species are toxigenic and responsible for many cases of food and feed contamination. Some Toxins that produce with some Aspergillus species are known to be potent hepatocarcinogens in animals and humans. The present work evaluated the parameters of antifungal activity of the essential oils of Zataria multiflora, Thymus migricus, Satureja hortensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Carum capticum and thiabendazol fungicide on survival and growth of different species of Aspergillus. Aerial part and seeds of plant species were collected then dried and its essential oils isolated by means of hydrodistillation. Antifungal activity was evaluated in vitro by poisonous medium technique with PDA medium at six concentrations. Results showed that all essential oils could inhibit the growth of Aspergillus species. The essential oil with the best effect and lowest EC50 and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was Z. multiflora (223 microl/l and 650 microl/l, respectively). The chemical composition of the Z. multiflora essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS.     

中华绒螯蟹不同部位游离氨基酸的测定与分析

本文对中华绒螯蟹不同部位的游离氨基酸含量和组成进行测定,结果显示：中华绒螯蟹步足肌肉、腹部肌肉和蟹黄这三个部位的游离氨基酸总量、呈味氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和限制性氨基酸总量存在显著差异性。此外,阳澄湖蟹和池塘养殖蟹的各部位游离氨基酸含量和组成也存在很大差异性。