多维蛋白鉴别技术分析天蓝色链霉菌膜内侧蛋白质组

链霉菌是一类具有重要工业价值和复杂调控机制的微生物,天蓝色链霉菌是这个属的模式菌。已报道天蓝色链霉菌的蛋白组学的研究多采用二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳与基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱相结合的方法,但由于膜蛋白疏水性较强,天然丰度较低,此法得到的膜蛋白很少。用蛋白酶K保护/高pH蛋白酶K法制备链霉菌膜内侧蛋白组样品,并用多维蛋白鉴别技术进行分析,得到154个可能的膜内侧蛋白（包括膜内在蛋白和膜外周蛋白）,其中含跨膜区的膜内在蛋白44个,含3个以上跨膜区的膜内在蛋白有23个。此外,还鉴定了一批膜内侧蛋白的亲水性肽段及其在膜上的拓扑位置。该结果有助于对天蓝色链霉菌的膜蛋白进行拓扑学分类和功能研究。     

链霉菌科分类的研究III．链霉菌科中的一个新属

从我国云南省西双版纳热带植物研究所的土壤中分离到二株菌,编号80—56、80 57。该菌株气丝形成非轮生的孢子链,基内菌丝体不断裂,形态与培养特征与链霉菌属基本相似。但由于细胞壁水解物中含有…o一二氨基庚二酸、甘氨酸。全细胞水解物中含有半乳糖,与链霉菌属胞壁组分含LL二氨基庚二酸、甘氨酸,不含特征性糖有明显区别。故菌株80—56、80一57不能归人到过去任何一个放线菌属中,因此建立新属——类链霉菌属(Streptomycoides n.gen．),此二菌株为该新属的代表种,定名为青黄类链霉菌(Streptomycoides glaucoflavus n.sp．),典型菌株80—56。     

结核分枝杆菌中O-甘露糖基化蛋白功能的研究进展

蛋白质的O-甘露糖基化修饰不仅在真菌和哺乳类细胞中广泛存在,在原核生物中例如分枝杆菌属、棒状杆菌属和链霉菌属中也存在,尤其在引起人类疾病的结核分枝杆菌中研究最多。许多O-甘露糖基化蛋白在结核分枝杆菌毒力以及与宿主相互作用过程中发挥了重要作用。本文就结核分枝杆菌中O-甘露糖基化蛋白生物学功能的进展加以综述。     

天蓝色链霉菌Streptomyces coelicolor中几丁质酶C(Chi C)的生物信息学分析

利用生物信息学的方法,分析天蓝色链霉菌Streptomyces coelicolor中几丁质酶C（Chi C）的一些基本性质,并针对链霉菌属菌种的几个几丁质酶基因做了进化树,进而验证了天蓝色链霉菌中至少8种几丁质酶的分类;同时对天蓝色链霉菌Streptomyces coelicolor中几丁质酶C（Chi C）蛋白的高级结构作出了预测,得到其编码的属于18家族的蛋白质高级结构图谱。     

砂鼠利什曼原虫(Leishmania gerbilli)染色质与动基体碱性蛋白的初步研究

利用纯化的砂鼠利什曼原虫细胞核作为起始材料对其染色质碱性蛋白进行分析,发现这类生物中只存在四种核芯组蛋白(H_4,H_2A,H_2B和H_3)。 用凝胶电泳比较全细胞的与细胞核的碱性蛋白时,检出了一种来自细胞质的酸溶性蛋白(L组分)。细胞化学的检测表明它定位于动基体(Kinetoplast)。     

链霉菌分类方法学研究近展

链霉菌是重要的资源微生物 ,由于具有重要的商业及学术价值而被广泛研究。但链霉菌属内的分类关系仍未能很好解决。主要介绍了当前链霉菌的分类方法研究状况 ,强调了运用基因型和表型相结合多相分类方法对链霉菌进行分类的重要性。     

链霉菌属菌株AS4.693和AS4.702的分类学研究

链霉菌属“Setae”种群原为北里孢菌属Kitasatosporia (Omura,1982)。1992年,Wellington根据16S rRNA序列分析结果将其并入链霉菌属,并建立“Setae”种群。通过对保藏的链霉菌AS 4.693、AS 4.702进行的形态学、细胞化学、分子遗传分类研究结果表明,它们与链霉菌属“Setae”种群中的典型种——西唐链霉菌Streptomyces setae(JCM3304’)具有相似性。它们的rDNA相似性高达100％,证明它们应归属于同一种群。AS.4.693定名为西唐链霉菌不规则新亚种Streptomyces setae subsp.irregularis nov.,AS 4.702定名为西唐链霉菌波曲弗氏新亚种Streptomyces setae subsp.flexuofradiae nov.。     

产蓝色素放线菌细胞化学组分及16SrDNA序列分析*

对分离自南京土壤中的一株高产水溶性蓝色素的放线菌菌株Streptomycessp .进行了细胞化学组分及 1 6SrDNA序列分析。细胞化学组分分析结果表明待定菌株的细胞壁含LL DAP及甘氨酸 ,全细胞水解物含葡萄糖及核糖 ,全细胞脂肪酸组分主要为 1 4～ 1 7碳的脂肪酸 ,其中anteiso 1 5和iso 1 6为主要组分 ,应归入链霉菌属。基于 1 6SrDNA序列的聚类结果表明所选菌株基本分成 9个分支 ,能够产生可溶性蓝色素的菌株聚成其中两个分支 ,即以S .coeli     

链霉菌分类研究进展

自从Waksman和Henrici[1]于1943年建立链霉菌属(Streptomyces)以来,链霉菌已成为细菌域中种的数量最大的一个属.目前,包括出现在专利中的种已经超过3000个,至1996年已有有效描述的种464个和亚种45个[2].由于链霉菌是产生抗生素等生物活性物质种类最多的一类微生物,因此至今各国学者仍在不断研究设计新的分离、培养、鉴定和分类方法,以指导新的天然生物活性物质的寻找.但长期以来,国际上因缺少可以接受的统一的分类鉴定标准,导致了链霉菌分类中的混乱.     

变铅青链霉菌广谱胁迫蛋白对氧化压力响应的研究

【目的】广谱胁迫蛋白(USP)是一种古老的蛋白家族,在链霉菌属细菌中其功能研究尚未报道。以变铅青链霉菌USP蛋白为对象对其功能进行解析。【方法】使用序列比对的方法分析同源性及保守结构域。纯化USP蛋白,用圆二色谱分析蛋白与环腺苷酸(cAMP)的结合对usp(SLI_7517)进行基因中断。检测野生型和usp基因缺失株对偶氮二甲酰胺造成的氧化压力的耐受能力。使用qPCR荧光定量分析技术,检测野生型菌株与usp缺失株在氧化环境中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及巯基过氧化物酶基因转录量的差异。【结果】同源序列分析表明链霉菌属来源的USP蛋白序列相互之间相似性较高,USP-like结构域高度保守。USP蛋白在体外结合cAMP引起CD谱的变化。usp基因缺失株对偶氮二甲酰胺更耐受,同时菌株中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因转录量上升。【结论】变铅青链霉菌中USP蛋白能够结合cAMP。usp参与菌体应对氧化环境的调控,对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因的转录有阻遏作用。     

DNA base composition of planktonic species of Anabaena (Cyanobacteria) and its taxonomic value

Fifty axenic strains of planktonic Anabaena, including 24 strains of the straight form and 26 strains of the coiled form, were examined for their DNA base composition (GC content). The taxonomic value of their GC content at species level was evaluated by comparing their morphological, physiological and biochemical properties. The DNA base composition determined for all fifty strains ranged from 35.9 to 56.4 mol% GC. The straight-form strains were in the range of 35.9-56.4 mol% GC, while coiled forms were in the range of 38.1-50.3 mol% GC. In general, strains assigned to the same species showed similar DNA base composition. However, of three strains of A. affinis Lemmermann that were separated into two categories, two had 40.6-40.9 mol% GC, and the third strain 45.6 mol% GC. It is noteworthy that the DNA base composition of the newly established species A. eucompacta Li et Watanabe was 45.5 mol% GC, which differed from 39.5 mol% GC of the morphologically close species, A. compacta (Nygarrd) Hickel.     

The lack of evidence for coadaptation in geographic populations of Drosophila ananassae

Crosses were made between geographic races of Drosophila ananassas from different localities in India. All these strains employed in the present experiments were polymorphic for the gene arrangements in the second chromosome due to the occurrence of alpha (subterminal) inversion. After ten generations it was observed that the heterozygotes were the most superior genotype and their frequencies remained above fifty percent in all these strains which served as controls and in the hybrid populations of mixed geographic origin. Thus it was found that interracial hybridization does not lead to breakdown of heterosis. The chief conclusion from these experiments is that evidence for coadaptation is lacking in D. ananassae. This finding apparently conflicts with what has been claimed for other species.     

Distribution and characteristics of root-nodule bacteria isolated from Australian Acacia spp.

Root-nodule bacteria capable of nodulating local acacias were isolated from five climatically diverse and geographically widely separated localities in New South Wales. Strains showed marked geographic localization. Fast-growing isolates, culturally and serologically related to Rhizobium, were obtained from the arid zone but from no other area. Alpine isolates had particularly slow growth rates, with fifty percent taking longer than 10 days to form colonies on yeast mannitol agar. Strains from the rain-forest and coastal health areas had the characteristics of typical Bradyrhizobium. Most of the strains tested had a wide host range, nodulating members of both the Mimosaceae and the Fabaceae, although the extra-slow growing alpine isolates appeared specific for their original host. Isolates varied in their effectiveness with a third of strains failing to give significant weight increases in inoculated plants.     

Hydrochemistry of Lake Glubokoe

Results of hydrochemical observations in the summer of 1983 are presented and compared to the data of previous years. Some trends in the changing conditions of the lake over the last fifty years are characterized. Data on the chemical composition of bottom deposits are also reported.     

Increased nutrient loads from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River have led to increased Harmful Algal Blooms

Based on observations collected during 15 cruises from 2002 to 2007 and on historical data, annual and seasonal variations in dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River estuary and the adjacent area were investigated. The importance of nutrients and nutrient fluxes to Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in the East China Sea (ECS) was also studied. The results showed an increasing trend in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) over the past fifty years. The changes in the PO₄-P concentration fluctuated from 1959 to 2000, but the level has been almost stable since then. By contrast, the SiO₃-Si concentrations decreased significantly over the past fifty years. Regarding seasonal variations, nutrients usually exhibited high values during autumn and winter, and the lowest values occurred in mid-summer. A strong positive relationship was observed between the DIN and PO₄-P concentrations and the frequency or scale of HABs, indicating that eutrophication played a crucial role in the occurrence of HABs. As for nutrient fluxes, DIN and PO₄-P fluxes have climbed sharply since 1980. In the ECS, the DIN increased sharply, but PO₄-P concentrations only changed slightly. The increased nutrient discharges, especially DIN, could also have caused the strong increase in the frequency and area of HABs. The areas of hypoxic bottom water off the Changjiang River estuary presented an increasing trend over the past fifty years, which may also be attributable to eutrophication. Changes in the nutrient composition were also investigated in the present study. The N/P ratio increased dramatically over the past fifty years, while the Si/N ratio decreased. The percentage of diatoms decreased from 99% to 73%, while dinoflagellates increased from less than 1% to over 25% during the past fifty years. Therefore, long-term changes in nutrients, especially excess DIN and increasing N/P, could be responsible for the shift in the phytoplankton community structure.     

粳稻花药培养基优化试验研究

培养基的筛选研究,是提高花药培养率的关键问题之一。国内外不少研究人员进行了大量工作,取得了一定的进展。我们自1986年开始以 N_6培养基为基础,对培养基的各个组分进行全面的变量分析和主次因子的研究。我们已报道1987、1988年二个试验周期的结果。本文报道1989、1990年第三、四周期的试验结果。     

Estimation of the available phosphate for phytoplankton stored in the soft sediments of the river Lot

Bioassays have been carried out with the green algae Scenedesmus crassus on samples of soft sediments collected along the river Lot (about fifty samples distributed over a 300 km length) in order to evaluate the phosphate bioavailability. From an other study, it was possible to know the percent of bottom surface covered by soft sediments. The link between the distribution of soft sediment and phosphate bioavailability leads to a longitudinal representation of the storage in the whole river. The results point out the parts of the river where bioavailable phosphate is stored and have implications for possible role of the stored phosphate in the eutrophication process in some areas of the river Lot.     

致念珠菌性包皮龟头炎白假丝酵母菌对9种抗真菌药物最低抑菌浓度测定

目的检测引起念珠菌性包皮龟头炎的白假丝酵母菌对9种抗真菌药物MIC,为临床治疗念珠菌性包皮龟头炎提供参考依据。方法常规培养分真菌,并鉴定到种,采用最低抑菌浓度法对白假丝酵母菌进行体外药物敏感试验。结果培养分离的12株菌中,白假丝酵母菌占75.00%,白假丝酵母菌生物变种占16.67%,近平滑假丝酵母菌占8.33%;11株白假丝酵母菌耐药率由高到低依次是氟康唑,伊曲康唑,咪康唑,酮康唑,克霉唑,益康唑,5-氟胞嘧啶啶,两性霉素B,制霉菌素,其中6种药物耐药率大于50%。结论白假丝酵母菌仍是造成念珠菌性包皮龟头炎最常见的致病菌,耐多药现象较为普遍,应根据临床实验室的体外药敏试验结果,指导临床合理用药。     

Bradyrhizobium technology: a promising substitute for chemical nitrogen fertilizer in Bangladesh agriculture

Nitrogen is the most limiting element in Bangladesh soils and urea is the fertilizer commonly used for supplying it. Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium inoculant was tried as a source of N nutrition for grain legumes in a number of field experiments. The inoculants markedly increased nodule number, nodule mass, shoot weight and yield of the crops compared to uninoculated control and urea-N treatments. For soybean (Glycine max), inoculation increased yield 113 percent over the control and 49 percent over the urea treament. For groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), the increases were 36 and 11 percent; for lentil (Lens culinaris), 30 and 13 percent; and for mungbean (Vigna radiata), 47 and 7 percent. The local inoculant strains were suitable for dependable inoculant production. The inoculant technology can be used as a promising and cheap substitute of urea for growing food legume crops in Bangladesh.     

Increased serum levels of basic fibroblast growth factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

The serum level and urinary output of basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) were measured by sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in patients with renal cell carcinoma. In over fifty percent (16/31) of renal cell carcinoma patients, basic FGF was elevated (greater than 30 pg/ml) in their sera. There is relatively good correlation between serum levels of basic FGF and tumor stage or grade, while urinary daily output of basic FGF did not correlate with increased malignancy. The present results indicate that serum basic FGF level of patients with renal cell carcinoma is a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma. On the other hand, acidic FGF was not detectable in all sera and urine.