不同磷、硫及二氧化碳浓度对标志链带藻生长和碳水化合物积累的影响

【目的】为了研究不同磷、硫及二氧化碳浓度对标志链带藻(Desmodesmus insignis)生长与碳水化合物积累的影响,本实验以改良BG11培养基为基础,设计了8种不同初始K_2HPO_4浓度、8种不同初始MgSO_4浓度及4种二氧化碳浓度培养标志链带藻。【方法】采用干重法和苯酚-硫酸法分别测定其生物质浓度与总碳水化合物的含量。【结果】实验结果显示,在高磷浓度(0.460 mmol/L)下生物量达到最高为6.37 g/L,磷浓度为0.230 mmol/L (对照组)时总碳水化合物含量及单位体积产率达到最高,分别为45.40%(%干重)和0.20 g/(L·d)。不同初始MgSO_4浓度实验结果显示,高硫浓度有利于标志链带藻生长及碳水化合物的积累,生物量、总碳水化合物含量及单位体积产率分别在硫浓度为1.217 mmol/L、0.609 mmol/L和1.824 mmol/L时达到最高,分别为7.02 g/L、51.6%(%干重)及0.26 g/(L·d)。当二氧化碳浓度为3%(V/V)时,标志链带藻生物量、总碳水化合物含量及单位体积产率均达到最高,分别为6.81 g/L、44.03%和0.20 g/(L·d)。【结论】因此,磷浓度为0.230 mmol/L、硫浓度为1.824 mmol/L和二氧化碳浓度为3%时最有利于标志链带藻生长及碳水化合物的积累。     

高山被孢霉产花生四烯酸发酵条件的研究

通过一株高山被孢霉M_(20)(Mortierella alpina)产花生四烯酸的摇瓶发酵研究,确定了其最佳发酵培养基组成及最适摇瓶发酵工艺条件。摇瓶实验确定的最佳培养基组成为(g/L):玉米粉水解液葡萄糖150,酵母粉15,KH_2PO_4 3.0,NaNO_3 3.0,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.5。最佳发酵工艺条件为:初始pH6.5,装液量为50ml/500ml摇瓶,摇床转速150r/min,温度在菌体生长前三天控制在25℃培养,以后调至20℃培养。在此条件下,发酵培养被孢霉的生物量、菌体总油脂及花生四烯酸分别高达35.5g/L、13.2g/L及2.2g/L,在15L及1000L自动机械搅拌罐进行发酵试验,AA产量分别高达1.86g/L及1.70g/L。     

花生四烯酸产生菌高山被孢霉的高糖驯化研究

【目的】提高花生四烯酸(Arachidonic acid,ARA)产量,克服ARA产生菌高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)在长期的保存及使用过程中易受到外界条件影响发生退化,从而导致菌种耗糖量降低、影响菌种摄入营养的能力和不利于工业化生产的缺点。【方法】首先采用固体培养基驯化,将菌种逐级涂布于梯度高糖PDA平板(含糖量分别为2%、5%、7%、10%和15%)培养,挑选经固体驯化后能耐受10%高糖浓度平板的菌种,转接到两种含不同氮源的梯度高糖(含糖量分别为3%、4%、5%和6%)液体培养基中进行驯化,最后对驯化后的菌种进行2 L发酵罐放大实验。【结果】当培养基中以酵母粉为氮源时,驯化后菌体的最高耗糖量由3 g/(L.d)提高到12 g/(L.d);当培养基中以玉米浆为氮源时,驯化后菌体的最高耗糖量由7 g/(L.d)提高到12 g/(L.d)。摇瓶驯化实验结果表明以玉米浆为氮源驯化的菌种发酵效果较好,发酵罐实验结果显示菌体生物量为50 g/L,总油脂为18 g/L,目的产物ARA产量为8 g/L。相比未驯化之前的发酵结果,生物量和总油脂含量提高了近3倍,ARA产量提高了近4倍。【结论】经过高糖驯化,菌种的耗糖能力得到提高,生物量、总油脂及ARA的产量也都有所增加,从而可以使菌种在保存和使用过程中不易退化,保持稳定。     

pH值对转基因鱼腥藻培养的影响

研究pH值对转基因鱼腥藻培养的影响,发现培养基初始pH以自然pH8.3为宜,间歇流加稀盐酸控制过程pH值为8.5和9.0,生长较未流加快,每天流加稀盐酸一次控制过程pH为8.5,15d生物量大于3g/L,可溶性蛋白为0.3g/l藻干重,TNF表达量超过22%,生物量比未流加增长12.41%,而TNF表达量未受影响。     

鲨肝刺激物质类似物在大肠杆菌中的高密度发酵

为建立重组鲨肝刺激物类似物(r-sHSA)的高密度发酵方法,本研究在利用单因素实验和均匀设计实验优化摇瓶发酵培养基的组成和浓度以及诱导剂(IPTG)浓度的基础上,利用5L发酵罐进行了放大试验,探讨了补料方式、补料培养基的组成和浓度、诱导剂加入时间和诱导后菌体的收获时间对工程菌生物量和r-sHSA产量的影响。结果表明:在改良LB培养基(0.97%甘油,0.91%酵母粉,0.72%胰蛋白胨,0.782%KH2PO4,0.267%K2HPO4·3H2O,0.062%MgSO4·7H2O,0.5%NaCl,pH7.0)中,当pH控制在7.0、溶氧浓度为25%～30%的前提下,采用指数补料方式加入优化后的补料培养基(620g/L甘油,94.8g/L胰蛋白胨,3.3mL/L微量元素,7.5g/LMgSO4·7H2O)进行培养,在工程菌的OD600达到23时,加入终浓度为0.5mmol/L的IPTG诱导6h后收获菌体,菌体的生物量可达(123.27±1.184)g/L,r-sHSA产量为(2.662±0.041)g/L,比优化前提高了13.7倍。     

樟叶越桔细胞悬浮培养条件的优化

为了提高樟叶越桔(Vacciniumdunalianum)悬浮培养细胞的生物量,以樟叶越桔叶片愈伤组织为试材,通过单因素试验探究不同蔗糖浓度、培养基pH值、培养基体积、初始接种量和摇床转速对悬浮培养细胞生长的影响,并根据响应面法Box-Behnken试验设计原理进行组合试验以优化培养条件。结果显示,以改良WPM培养基为基础培养基,樟叶越桔细胞悬浮培养的最优条件为40 g·L^–1蔗糖、培养基pH5.2、培养基体积45 mL、初始接种量2.64 g和摇床转速为149 r·min^–1,其细胞生物量干重为0.184 4 g,与理论预测值0.184 5 g较为接近,且细胞的生长曲线呈S型。研究结果为樟叶越桔悬浮培养细胞次生代谢产物的生产调控奠定了技术基础。     

氨水中和Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.lactis BME5-18M发酵生成L-乳酸铵的研究

实验确定了Lactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.lactis BME5-18M接种的最佳种龄为24h.以氨水取代传统的中和剂碳酸钙中和发酵生成的乳酸、调控发酵液的pH,考察了不同pH值对菌体生长和产酸的影响,确定了菌种生长和产酸的较适pH值为6.5.考察了底物流加速度对菌种生长和产酸的影响,对间歇和流加发酵时菌体的生长量和产酸量进行了动力学关联.在较适pH值6.5和较佳流加速度25mL/h条件下,乳酸的产量可达到136.8g/L,产率为1.71 g/(L·h).     

3种枝状地衣乙酸乙酯提取液对两性绵霉的抑菌效果

研究了3种枝状地衣乙酸乙酯提取液对水霉病主要病原菌两性绵霉菌丝的体外抑菌效果。菌株分离自河流水体,经培养、形态观察及ITS区序列测定比对,鉴定为两性绵霉Achyla bisexalis。结果显示枝状地衣黑穗石蕊、中国树花、地茶的乙酸乙酯浸提液均对两性绵霉有抑制作用,最低抑制浓度均为800 mg/L;在供试浓度为3 200 mg/L时,3种地衣提取物均能完全抑制菌丝的生长。     

酿酒酵母by1.1b产D-(-)-扁桃酸脱氢酶的发酵条件优化

对一株产D-(-)-扁桃酸对映选择性脱氢酶的酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae sp.strain by1.1b)发酵产酶条件进行了优化.研究各种碳源、氮源及无机盐对产酶的影响,应用正交试验优化发酵培养基组成,结果为:蛋白胨60 g/L,麦芽糖30 g/L,MgSO4 0.5 g/L,ZnSO4 0.01 g/L,KCl 1.0 g/L.优化后酶产量提高了7.9倍(由2.56 U/mL增至20.21 U/mL).摇瓶培养最佳条件为:装液量40%,发酵pH 6.5,接种量10%,发酵温度30℃.考察了细胞生长及产酶的时间进程,最佳培养时间为25 h.     

产花生四烯酸油脂高山被孢霉干法造粒提油及菌粕的重复利用

对高产花生四烯酸油脂高山被孢霉干法造粒提油工艺中3个参数及菌粕重复利用进行研究。设计三因素四水平L16(43)正交试验,考察造粒直径、正己烷与菌粕的比例、萃取时间对提油效率及正己烷回收率的影响。结果表明:当含水率20%~25%、造粒直径1.2mm、正己烷的体积与颗粒的质量比20∶1L/g、萃取时间5h时,每克干菌体油脂得率0.5594g,正己烷的回收率达90%。与均质湿法提油相比,分别提高了17.35%和83.67%。用碱性蛋白酶及复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶和碱性蛋白酶)处理菌粕,以50%替代氮源(酵母膏)添加到培养基中,发酵周期分别为10d和7d。此时,生物量、油脂产量、花生四烯酸产量都达到了最大值,分别为30.33g/L、16.25g/L、8.59g/L(碱性蛋白酶处理);29.77g/L、16.89g/L、7.12g/L(复合酶处理)。其中,复合酶处理菌粕的生产强度可达4.253g/(L·d)、2.413g/(L·d)和1.017g/(L·d),与碱性蛋白酶处理相比,其生产强度分别提高了40.22%、48.49%和18.39%。干法造粒提油是有效的,且酶法处理菌粕的方法有应用前景。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.