肺炎克氏杆菌的nifA基因产物在巴西固氮螺菌中的功效

通过三亲本杂交将质粒pCK3{携带改变了启动子的肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneuma-niae)nifA 基因]引入巴西固氮螺菌(Azospirillum brasilense)Yu62菌株中,由此获得的转移接合子巴西固氮螺菌Yu62-4菌株在6．0 mmol/L以上NH+4浓度下,能表现出微弱的固氮酶活性(相当于无NH+4时活性的0．3-0．5％),而野生型Yu62则全部丧失固氮酶活性。固氯酶的丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和铁蛋白的免疫杂交实验表明,转移接合子Yu62-4在高NH+4(50mmol／L)下,虽有铁蛋白合成,但合成量比无NH+4时少得多,而且有一部分铁蛋白未被共价修饰;野生型菌株Yu62在此NH+4浓度下无铁蛋白合成。实验结果表明：外源(来自肺炎克氏杆菌)的基因产物在巴西固氮螺菌Yu62中不能有效地解除NH+4对该菌固氮酶合成的阻遏作用。本文分析了出现这种现象的原因。     

转座子Tn916对固氮螺菌Azospirillum brasilense的接合诱变及氨分泌菌株的筛选

以携带质粒pAM120(Ap~r,Tc~r/Tn916)的大肠杆菌(E.coli CG120)为供体菌株,与受体菌巴西固氮螺菌(Azospirillum brasilense)采用滤膜接合法进行接合转移,在选择平板上得到具较高频率的接合子(10~(-5)/每个供体菌,选择四环素抗性)。从846株四环素抗性接合子中进一步用奈氏法筛选得到氨分泌突变株3株。在无氮培养基上,其氨分泌量可达7.5～14.0mmol/L。用乙炔还原法分析氨分泌突变株在不同浓度氮源上的固氮活力,发现20mmol/L NH Cl的存在不抑制其固氮活性,固氮活力与无氮条件下野生株的活力相差不多。无选择压力下细胞分裂50代后的稳定性实验证明,转座子Tn916在氨分泌突变株中的稳定性在50％～80％之间。以固氮螺菌氨分泌突变株为供体菌株,对E.coli HBX1进行反向接合转移实验,证实Tn916确实存在于氨分泌固氮螺菌接合子中。     

巴西固氮螺菌Yu62nifA基因克隆、测序及功能分析

用TD-PCR法克隆了巴西固氮螺菌(Azospirillun brasilense)Yu62的nifA基因.序列分析表明它与巴西固氮螺菌Sp7的nifA序列高度同源(96.5%),其编码的产物NifA蛋白与Sp7菌株NifA的氨基酸序列同源性为97.6%.该基因可以完全互补巴西固氮螺菌Sp7 nifA-突变株的Nif-表型.研究了NH4+和O2对Yu62 nifA基因的表达及NifA活性的影响.结果表明mfA基因在Yu62菌株中是部分组成型表达的,氨和氧不能完全阻遏其表达,在5mmol/LNH4Cl与微氧(0.5%O2)条件下表达最高;NifA蛋白在0.4%～0.5%O2时活性最高,氧分压降低和提高都使NifA活性下降,1mmol/L NH4Cl足以抑制NifA的活性.     

生物固氮

961447 肺炎克氏杆菌nifA基因在巴西固氮螺菌固氮基因表达的铵调节中的作用[中]/何路红…//生物工程学报.-1995,11(4).-385～388 按三亲交配法将pCK3转入巴西固氮螺菌UB3     

导入dctABD和nifA基因对费氏中华根瘤菌共生固氮的影响研究

以pTR102为载体构建重组质粒pHN307,其上克隆有来自昔蓿中华根瘤菌（Sinorthizobium meliloti）的四碳二羧酸转移酶基因dctABD、来自肺炎克氏杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae）的nifA基因和来自pDB30所含的发光酶基因lux-AB。经三亲本接合转移,将pHN307导入费氏中华根瘤菌（S.fredii)NH01、YC4和GR3,并考察了转移接合子中pHN307在传代培养和共生条件下的稳定性。与出发菌相比较的植物盆栽试验结果表明,在与大豆黑农33共生时,导入pHN307后的转移接合子均可显著提高结瘤植株的瘤重、地上部分干重和地上部分总氮量。在与大豆川早一号共生时,转移接合子HN01（pHN307）可显著提高结瘤植株的瘤数和瘤重;GR3（pHN307）可显著提高结瘤植株的瘤数、瘤重、地上部分干重和地上部分总氮量;导入pHN307的YC4却呈现出负作用。本研究表明,导入dctABD可提高固氮效率     

巴西固氮螺菌Yu62 nifA基因克隆、测序及功能分析

用TD－PCR法克隆了巴西固氮螺菌（Azospirillun brasilense)Yu62和nifA基因。序列分析表明它与巴西固氮螺菌Sp7的nifA序列高度同源（96．5％）,其编码的产物NifA蛋白与Sp7菌株NifA的氨基酸序列同源性为97．6％。该基因可以完全互补巴西固氮螺菌Sp7 nifA^-突变株的Nif^-表型。研究了NH4^ 和O2对Yu62 nifA基因的表达及NifA活性的影响。结果表明：nifA基因在Yu62菌株中是部分组成型表达的,氨和氧不能完全阻遏其表达,在5mmol/LNH4Cl4与微氧（0.5%O2)条件下表达最高;NifA蛋白在0.4%-0.5%O2时活性最高,氧分压降低和提高都使NifA活性下降,1mmol/L NH4Cl足以抑制NifA的活性。     

紫云英根瘤菌Ra159的巨大质粒上存在有nod和nif基因的证明

在紫云英根瘤菌(Rhizobium astragali)Ra159中存在有两个分子量分别约为300Md(pRal59a)及大于300Md(pRal59b)的巨大质粒。以肺炎克氏杆菌的固氮酶结构基因nifHDK片段和苜蓿根瘤菌共同结瘤基因nod ABCD片段作探针进行的杂交试验证明了紫云英根瘤菌的大质粒pRal59b上存在有nod基因和nif基因。将这些大质粒转移到nod—nif基因缺失的苜蓿根瘤菌突变株Rm627—1,只有带pRal59b的转移接合子能在紫云英植物上形成根瘤,但这些根瘤均不能还原乙炔。     

阴沟肠杆菌基因nifA经转座子Tn5整入催娩克氏杆菌NG13的基因组

根际固氮细菌与禾谷类作物如水稻、小麦、玉米等进行联合固氮,能使作物有不同程度的增产（APp等1980,Watanable和hn1984）。水稻是世界上主要粮食作物之一,因此,研究增强水稻根际细菌的联合固氮作用,吸引着科学家们的兴趣。催娩克氏杆菌（KMFithemp）NG13与水稻能进行有效的联合固氮（Yoo等1986）。但是在有氨的生长条件下,细菌的固氮活力受到阻遏。ZhU等将带有nifA的重组质粒引进阴沟肠杆菌EZ6后,观察到有氨存在条件下固氮酶组成型生成。我们实验室构建了具有广泛接合转移特性的阴沟肠杆菌Tns－nifA嵌合质粒PBF101,基因nif…     

阴沟肠杆菌nifL对nifA蛋白激活固氮基因表达的影响

通过基因定位突变的方法 ,构建了阴沟肠杆菌E2 6染色体上基因nifL突变菌E11和E12 ,并对其固氮特性进行分析。结果显示 ,当细菌在有NH 4 的条件下 ,nifL作为固氮基因的负调节因子 ,可能是通过nifL蛋白与nifA蛋白之间的相互作用 ,形成某种复合物 ,导致NifA的失活 ,从而关闭nif基因的表达。高温条件下 (37℃ ) ,nifL并不参与对nif基因表达的阻遏作用 ,但是nifL的突变影响NifA激活nif基因表达对热的稳定性     

吉戈菲肠杆菌中SHV-2耐药基因的序列分析

近来一个值得注意的现象,即肠杆菌科中某些菌属对头孢噻甲羧肟(ceftazidime,caz)等三代头孢菌素的耐药有不同程度增长,这是由于细菌产生了超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESbla),或染色体Ⅰ型酶所致.在我们前一步的研究中,发现一耐caz的Ent.gergoviae菌株,含有一约60kb的可接合转移质粒pC3773.其上有一编码SHV类ESbla的基因,为深入了解此ESbla基因的分子特点,以及酶结构与功能的关系,本文用测定核苷酸序列的方法进行了研究.     

An open reading frame upstream from the nifH gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae

An open reading frame upstream from nifHDK operon of Klebsiella pneumoniae had been described. The orientation of this open reading frame is opposite to that of nifHDK and sequence homology was found between the open reading frame promoter and the promoter of nifHDK operon. A recombinant plasmid carrying the promoter region of the open reading frame fused to the beta-galactosidase gene was constructed. Strains of E.coli were transformed with the plasmid containing this open reading frame promoter-lacZ fusion or co-transformed with it and a plasmid carrying the nifA gene. An appreciable activity of beta-galactosidase was found in strains which received both plasmids, indicating that the promoter of the open reading frame can be activated by the product of nifA gene. Thus, the open reading frame found between nifHDK operon and nifJ behaves just like other nif genes of K.pneumoniae in requiring the product of nifA as the positive effector for expression.     

Temperature sensitivity of a nifA-like gene in Enterobacter cloacae.

Nitrogen fixation (nif) genes of Enterobacter cloacae, a rhizosphere diazotroph of rice plants, were identified by using cloned Klebsiella pneumoniae nif gene fragments as probes for molecular hybridization. The product of a nifA-like gene of E. cloacae appeared less temperature sensitive than the K. pneumoniae nifA gene product. This result correlates with the fact that E. cloacae can fix nitrogen at 39 degrees C, while K. pneumoniae cannot.     

The Construction of nifH-gfp Expression Vector and Its Expression in Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7

A nifH-gfp expression vector pMGFP2 was constructed by fusing the 725 bp PCR amplified triple mutated green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (gfpS65T,V68L,S72A) fragment to the nifH promoter and its start codon which was from Klebsiella pneumoniae (Schr eter) Trevisan M5a1. A kanamycin cassette was inserted into PstⅠ site of pMGFP2, obtaining the expressing vector pMGFP2.1 which can be used for the studying of nifH-gfp expression in Enterobacter gergoviae 57-7. It was then transformed into E.gergoviae 57-7 and the effects of NH+4 and oxygen on the expression of nifH-gfp in E. gergoviae 57-7 were studied.     

异源nifA^C对根癌土壤杆菌nif基因表达的调节作用

用三亲水交配方法分别将载有褐球固氮菌（Ａｚｏｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒｃｈｒｏｏｃｏｃｃｕｍ）呈组成型表达的ｎｉｆＡＣ的质粒ｐＣＫ５和肺炎克氏杆菌（Ｋｌｅｂｓｉｅｌｌａｐｎｅｕｍｏｎｉａｅ）含有ｎｉｆＡ＾Ｃ和ｎｉｆＡ－ｎｔｒＣ基因的质粒ｐＣＫ３,ｐＳＺ３６和ｐＳＺ２３－ＣＡ导入根癌土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｔｕｎｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）Ｃ５８／ｐＧＶ３８５０所得转移接合子的生长速率和野生型相似。在１０ｍ     

The pleiotropic nature of symbiotic regulatory mutants: Bradyrhizobium japonicum nifA gene is involved in control of nif gene expression and formation of determinate symbiosis

In the slow-growing soybean symbiont, Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain 110), a nifA-like regulatory gene was located immediately upstream of the previously mapped fixA gene. By interspecies hybridization and partial DNA sequencing the gene was found to be homologous to nifA from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti, and to a lesser extent, also to ntrC from K. pneumoniae. The B. japonicum nifA gene product was shown to activate B. japonicum and K. pneumoniae nif promoters (using nif::lacZ translational fusions) both in Escherichia coli and B. japonicum backgrounds. In the heterologous E. coli system activation was shown to be dependent on the ntrA gene product. Site-directed insertion and deletion/replacement mutagenesis revealed that nifA is probably the promoter-distal cistron within an operon. NifA- mutants were Fix- and pleiotropic: (i) they were defective in the synthesis of several proteins including the nifH gene product (nitrogenase Fe protein); the same proteins had been known to be repressed under aerobic growth of B. japonicum but derepressed at low O2 tension; (ii) the mutants had an altered nodulation phenotype inducing numerous, small, widely distributed soybean nodules in which the bacteroids were subject to severe degradation. These results show that nifA not only controls nitrogenase genes but also one or more genes involved in the establishment of a determinate, nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis.     

Excretion of ammonium by a nifL mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii fixing nitrogen.

A mutation in the gene upstream of nifA in Azotobacter vinelandii was introduced into the chromosome to replace the corresponding wild-type region. The resulting mutant, MV376, produced nitrogenase constitutively in the presence of 15 mM ammonium. When introduced into a nifH-lacZ fusion strain, the mutation permitted beta-galactosidase production in the presence of ammonium. The gene upstream of nifA is therefore designated nifL because of its similarity to the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL gene in proximity to nifA, in mutant phenotype, and in amino acid sequence of the gene product. The A. vinelandii nifL mutant MV376 excreted significant quantities of ammonium (approximately 10 mM) during diazotrophic growth. In contrast, ammonium excretion during diazotrophy was much lower in a K. pneumoniae nifL deletion mutant (maximum, 0.15 mM) but significantly higher than in NifL+ K. pneumoniae. The expression of the A. vinelandii nifA gene, unlike that of K. pneumoniae, was not repressed by ammonium.     

Excretion of ammonium by a nifL mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii fixing nitrogen.

A mutation in the gene upstream of nifA in Azotobacter vinelandii was introduced into the chromosome to replace the corresponding wild-type region. The resulting mutant, MV376, produced nitrogenase constitutively in the presence of 15 mM ammonium. When introduced into a nifH-lacZ fusion strain, the mutation permitted beta-galactosidase production in the presence of ammonium. The gene upstream of nifA is therefore designated nifL because of its similarity to the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL gene in proximity to nifA, in mutant phenotype, and in amino acid sequence of the gene product. The A. vinelandii nifL mutant MV376 excreted significant quantities of ammonium (approximately 10 mM) during diazotrophic growth. In contrast, ammonium excretion during diazotrophy was much lower in a K. pneumoniae nifL deletion mutant (maximum, 0.15 mM) but significantly higher than in NifL+ K. pneumoniae. The expression of the A. vinelandii nifA gene, unlike that of K. pneumoniae, was not repressed by ammonium.